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T Cell Responses Are Required for Protection from Clinical Disease and for Virus Clearance in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Infected Mice
Open accessAbstract
A dysregulated innate immune response and exuberant cytokine/chemokine expression are believed to be critical factors in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, we recently showed that inefficient immune activation and a poor virus-specific T cell response underlie severe disease in SARS-CoV-infected mice. Here, we extend these results to show that virus-specific T cells, in the absence of activation of the innate immune response, were sufficient to significantly enhance survival and diminish clinical disease. We demonstrated that T cells are responsible for virus clearance, as intravenous adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-immune splenocytes or in vitro -generated T cells to SCID or BALB/c mice enhanced survival and reduced virus titers in the lung. Enhancement of the number of virus-specific CD8 T cells by immunization with SARS-CoV peptide-pulsed dendritic cells also resulted in a robust T cell response, earlier virus clearance, and increased survival. These studies are the first to show that T cells play a crucial role in SARS-CoV clearance and that a suboptimal T cell response contributes to the pathological changes observed in SARS. They also provide a new approach to SARS vaccine design.
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“anti-S T-cell responses to the related SARS- and MERS-CoVs contribute toward viral clearance in normal as well as aged mice infected with SARS- or MERS-CoV, respectively (43–45).”
From An Alphavirus -derived replicon RNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhao, J., Zhao, J., & Perlman, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perlman, Stanley
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2010-09-15
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 9318-9325
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC2937604
- OpenAlex
- W1999546368
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (PO1AI060699, AI060699)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI079429, R56AI079429, P01AI060699)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Keywords
- SARS, SARS-CoV, T cell response, CD8+ T cells, viral clearance, adoptive T cell therapy, dendritic cell immunization, innate immune response, lung viral titers, SARS pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Lung, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Spleen, T-Lymphocytes, Viral Vaccines, Survival Analysis, Mice, SCID, Adoptive Transfer, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Mice
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