Ras-Mediated Phosphorylation of a Conserved Threonine Residue Enhances the Transactivation Activities of c-Ets1 and c-Ets2
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The Ras oncogene products regulate the expression of genes in transformed cells, and members of the Ets family of transcription factors have been implicated in this process. To determine which Ets factors are the targets of Ras signaling pathways, the abilities of several Ets factors to activate Ras-responsive enhancer (RRE) reporters in the presence of oncogenic Ras were examined. In transient transfection assay, reporters containing RREs composed of Ets-AP-1 binding sites could be activated 30-fold in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and 80-fold in the macrophage-like line RAW264 by the combination of Ets1 or Ets2 and Ras but not by several other Ets factors that were tested in the assay. Ets2 and Ras also superactivated an RRE composed of Ets-Ets binding sites, but the Ets-responsive promoter of the c-fms gene was not superactivated. Mutation of a threonine residue to alanine in the conserved amino-terminal regions of Ets1 and Ets2 (threonine 38 and threonine 72, respectively) abrogated the ability of each of these proteins to superactivate reporter gene expression. Phosphoamino acid analysis of radiolabeled Ets2 revealed that Ras induced normally absent threonine-specific phosphorylation of the protein. The Ras-dependent increase in threonine phosphorylation was not observed in Ets2 proteins that had the conserved threonine 72 residue mutated to alanine or serine. These data indicate that Ets1 and Ets2 are specific nuclear targets of Ras signaling events and that phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue is a necessary molecular component of Ras-mediated activation of these transcription factors.
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Ras is known to modulate the activity of the ETS domain transcription factors ETS-1 and ETS-2 by phosphorylation.
“Ras is known to modulate the activity of the ETS domain transcription factors ETS-1 and ETS-2 by phosphorylation (52).”
From c-Jun Is a JNK-independent Coactivator of the PU.1 Transcription Factor (1999) · cites this paper as [52]
Ras modulates the activity of ETS domain transcription factors such as ETS-1 or ETS-2 by phosphorylation.
“Ras modulates the activity of ETS domain transcription factors such as ETS-1 or ETS-2 by phosphorylation (52).”
From c-Jun Is a JNK-independent Coactivator of the PU.1 Transcription Factor (1999) · cites this paper as [52]
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Self-citationStructure of the Ets-1 pointed domain and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation site
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Self-citationETS1 is a genome-wide effector of RAS/ERK signaling in epithelial cells
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Yang, B.-S., Hauser, C. A., Henkel, G., Colman, M. S., Beveren, C. V., Stacey, K. J., Hume, D. A., Maki, R. A., & Ostrowski, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-02-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 538-547
- ISSN
- 0270-7306 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5549
- PMC
- PMC231032
- OpenAlex
- W2138292652
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 8.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca042909-06, 5r01ca063130-07)
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Cancer Institute (CA-42909, CA-53271, R01CA053271, CA63130)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- Ras signaling, ETS transcription factors, threonine phosphorylation, transcriptional activation, c-fms, oncogenic Ras
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, DNA-Binding Proteins, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phosphorylation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Repressor Proteins, Threonine, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, Trans-Activators, Conserved Sequence, ras Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets, Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1, Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2
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