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Energetics of syntrophic cooperation in methanogenic degradation

Schink, B·1997·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
DOI 10.1128/mmbr.61.2.262-280.1997
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Abstract

Fatty acids and alcohols are key intermediates in the methanogenic degradation of organic matter, e.g., in anaerobic sewage sludge digestors or freshwater lake sediments. They are produced by classical fermenting bacteria for disposal of electrons derived in simultaneous substrate oxidations. Methanogenic bacteria can degrade primarily only one-carbon compounds. Therefore, acetate, propionate, ethanol, and their higher homologs have to be fermented further to one-carbon compounds. These fermentations are called secondary or syntrophic fermentations. They are endergonic processes under standard conditions and depend on intimate coupling with methanogenesis. The energetic situation of the prokaryotes cooperating in these processes is problematic: the free energy available in the reactions for total conversion of substrate to methane attributes to each partner amounts of energy in the range of the minimum biochemically convertible energy, i.e., 20 to 25 kJ per mol per reaction. This amount corresponds to one-third of an ATP unit and is equivalent to the energy required for a monovalent ion to cross the charged cytoplasmic membrane. Recent studies have revealed that syntrophically fermenting bacteria synthesize ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation and reinvest part of the ATP-bound energy into reversed electron transport processes, to release the electrons at a redox level accessible by the partner bacteria and to balance their energy budget. These findings allow us to understand the energy economy of these bacteria on the basis of concepts derived from the bioenergetics of other microorganisms.

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  • The minimum amount of energy required to drive metabolism in actively growing microbial populations is generally accepted to be about −20 kJ/mol.

    “This threshold is generally accepted to be about −20 kJ/mol in actively growing microbial populations, which is approximately 1/3 of the −70 kJ/mol required to build 1 mol of ATP, the molecule that stores energy in all known Earth life (Schink, 1997).”

    From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Schink, 1997

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Metadata

Authors
Schink, B.
Affiliations
Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany. bernhard.schink@uni-konstanz.dc
Venue
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
1997-06
Volume
61
Issue
2
Pages
262-280
ISSN
  • 1092-2172
  • 1098-5557
DOI
10.1128/mmbr.61.2.262-280.1997
Cited by
177
References
1
Language
en
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)

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