Cited by 4,316Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyEscherichia coli research studiesBacterial Infections and Vaccines

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Molecular Basis of Bacterial Outer Membrane Permeability Revisited

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Nikaido, Hiroshi·2003·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

DOI 10.1128/mmbr.67.4.593-656.2003PMC PMC309051

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Abstract

SUMMARY: Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer, the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in the interaction of symbiotic or pathogenic bacteria with their host organisms, the major role of this membrane must usually be to serve as a permeability barrier to prevent the entry of noxious compounds and at the same time to allow the influx of nutrient molecules. This review summarizes the development in the field since our previous review (H. Nikaido and M. Vaara, Microbiol. Rev. 49:1-32, 1985) was published. With the discovery of protein channels, structural knowledge enables us to understand in molecular detail how porins, specific channels, TonB-linked receptors, and other proteins function. We are now beginning to see how the export of large proteins occurs across the outer membrane. With our knowledge of the lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid asymmetric bilayer of the outer membrane, we are finally beginning to understand how this bilayer can retard the entry of lipophilic compounds, owing to our increasing knowledge about the chemistry of lipopolysaccharide from diverse organisms and the way in which lipopolysaccharide structure is modified by environmental conditions.

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Authors: Nikaido, H.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Nikaido, Hiroshi
Venue: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2003-12
Volume: 67
Issue: 4
Pages: 593-656
ISSN: 1092-2172 (ISSN-L)
1098-5557
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.67.4.593-656.2003
PMC: PMC309051
OpenAlex: W2120061656
Cited by: 4,316
References: 799
Citations by year: 2026: 294 · 2025: 242 · 2024: 225 · 2023: 223 · 2022: 267 · 2021: 269 · 2020: 274 · 2019: 238 · 2018: 228 · 2017: 243 · 2016: 227 · 2015: 187 · 2014: 176 · 2013: 162 · 2012: 177
FWCI: 8.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37AI009644, R01AI009644, AI 09644)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Escherichia coli research studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Keywords: bacterial outer membrane, outer membrane permeability, porin, TonB-dependent receptors, lipopolysaccharide, asymmetric bilayers, Gram-negative bacteria, nutrient uptake
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Membrane, Cell Membrane Permeability, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Ion Channels, Lipid Bilayers, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Alignment, Porins

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