Global enhancement of ocean anoxia during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: A quantitative approach using U isotopes
Abstract
During the Mesozoic greenhouse world, the oceans underwent several oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) characterized by intervals during which organic-rich black shales were deposited, indicating strong oxygen depletion in the marine realm. The Cenomanian-Turonian OAE2 (ca. 93 Ma) represents one of the most prominent events of the Cretaceous, with significant perturbations of the global carbon cycle. Although OAE2 likely reached a global scale, the spatial extent of seawater anoxia during this OAE is poorly constrained. Here we demonstrate that variations in the U-238/U-235 isotope ratio (delta U-238), a newly developed paleoredox proxy, can be used to quantify the extent of marine anoxia. For black shales from the mid-Cretaceous OAE2 we find a systematic shift toward lighter delta U-238 and lower U concentrations as compared to modern equivalent organic-rich sediments from the Black Sea. This shift translates to a global increase of oceanic anoxia during OAE2 by at least a factor of three as compared to the present day or to periods before and after OAE2. The constant offset in U concentrations and isotope compositions of black shales throughout OAE2 compared to modern Black Sea sediments indicates an enhancement of oceanic anoxic conditions already prior to the onset of OAE2.
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The δ238U proxy has reliably recorded negative δ238U excursions at times when anoxic water masses expanded in the oceans.
“The δ238U proxy has been applied to better constrain oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) in the past and reliably recorded negative δ238U excursions at times when anoxic water masses expanded in the oceans (19–23).”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Montoya-Pino, C., Weyer, S., Anbar, A. D., Pross, J., Oschmann, W., van de Schootbrugge, B., & Arz, H. W.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Arizona State University (US)
- GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Montoya-Pino, Carolina
- Venue
- Geology
- Publisher
- Geological Society of America
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 315-318
- ISSN
- 0091-7613 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-2682
- OpenAlex
- W2116568181
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geology (publishedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, ocean anoxia, uranium isotopes, paleoredox proxies, black shales, Cenomanian-Turonian, Cretaceous greenhouse, carbon cycle, Black Sea sediments
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