The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Azathioprine versus mycophenolate mofetil for long-term immunosuppression in lupus nephritis: results from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Long-term immunosuppressive treatment does not efficiently prevent relapses of lupus nephritis (LN). This investigator-initiated randomised trial tested whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was superior to azathioprine (AZA) as maintenance treatment. Methods A total of 105 patients with lupus with proliferative LN were included. All received three daily intravenous pulses of 750 mg methylprednisolone, followed by oral glucocorticoids and six fortnightly cyclophosphamide intravenous pulses of 500 mg. Based on randomisation performed at baseline, AZA (target dose: 2 mg/kg/day) or MMF (target dose: 2 g/day) was given at week 12. Analyses were by intent to treat. Time to renal flare was the primary end point. Mean (SD) follow-up of the intent-to-treat population was 48 (14) months. Results The baseline clinical, biological and pathological characteristics of patients allocated to AZA or MMF did not differ. Renal flares were observed in 13 (25%) AZA-treated and 10 (19%) MMF-treated patients. Time to renal flare, to severe systemic flare, to benign flare and to renal remission did not statistically differ. Over a 3-year period, 24 h proteinuria, serum creatinine, serum albumin, serum C3, haemoglobin and global disease activity scores improved similarly in both groups. Doubling of serum creatinine occurred in four AZA-treated and three MMF-treated patients. Adverse events did not differ between the groups except for haematological cytopenias, which were statistically more frequent in the AZA group (p=0.03) but led only one patient to drop out. Conclusions Fewer renal flares were observed in patients receiving MMF but the difference did not reach statistical significance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus
Tan, E. M., Cohen, A. S., Fries, J. F., Masi, A. T., Mcshane, D. J., Rothfield, N. F., Schaller, J. G., Talal, N., & Winchester, R. J. (1982) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780251101 · Cited by 14,519
Hochberg, M. C. (1997) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780400928 · Cited by 11,409
Derivation of the sledai. A disease activity index for lupus patients
Bombardier, C., Gladman, D. D., Urowitz, M. B., Caron, D., Chang, C. H., Austin, A., Bell, A., Bloch, D. A., Corey, P. N., Decker, J. L., et al. (1992) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780350606 · Cited by 4,570
Prevalence and Correlates of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Roman, M. J., Shanker, B.-A., Davis, A., Lockshin, M. D., Sammaritano, L., Simantov, R., Crow, M. K., Schwartz, J. E., Paget, S. A., Devereux, R. B., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa035471 · Cited by 1,427
Cervera, R., Khamashta, M. A., Font, J., Sebastiani, G. D., Gil, A., Lavilla, P., Mejía, J. C., Aydintug, A. O., Chwalinska-Sadowska, H., de Ramón, E., et al. (2003) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.md.0000091181.93122.55 · Cited by 1,377
Self-citationAustin, H. A., Klippel, J. H., Balow, J. E., Le Riche, N. G. H., Steinberg, A. D., Plotz, P. H., & Decker, J. L. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198603063141004 · Cited by 1,185
Mycophenolate Mofetil or Intravenous Cyclophosphamide for Lupus Nephritis
Ginzler, E. M., Dooley, M. A., Aranow, C., Kim, M. Y., Buyon, J., Merrill, J. T., Petri, M., Gilkeson, G. S., Wallace, D. J., Weisman, M. H., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043731 · Cited by 1,128
Mycophenolate Mofetil versus Cyclophosphamide for Induction Treatment of Lupus Nephritis
Appel, G. B., Contreras, G., Dooley, M. A., Ginzler, E. M., Isenberg, D., Jayne, D., Li, L.-S., Mysler, E., Sa[Combining Acute Accent]nchez-Guerrero, J., Solomons, N., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2008101028 · Cited by 1,118
Houssiau, F. A., Vasconcelos, C., D'Cruz, D., Sebastiani, G. D., Garrido, E. D. R., Danieli, M. G., Abramovicz, D., Blockmans, D., Mathieu, A., Direskeneli, H., et al. (2002) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.10461 · Cited by 1,077
Self-citationEfficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients with Diffuse Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Chan, T. M., Li, F. K., Tang, C. S. O., Wong, R. W. S., Fang, G. X., Ji, Y. L., Lau, C. S., Wong, A. K. M., Tong, M. K. L., Chan, K. W., et al. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200010193431604 · Cited by 954
Cited by
2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus
Fanouriakis, A., Kostopoulou, M., Alunno, A., Aringer, M., Bajema, I., Boletis, J. N., Cervera, R., Doria, A., Gordon, C., Govoni, M., et al. (2019) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215089 · Cited by 2,011
Self-citationDanza, A., & Ruiz-Irastorza, G. (2013) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203313493032 · Cited by 359
Dall'Era, M., Cisternas, M. G., Smilek, D. E., Straub, L., Houssiau, F. A., Cervera, R., Rovin, B. H., & Mackay, M. (2015) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.39026 · Cited by 329
Self-citationOrdi-Ros, J., Sáez-Comet, L., Pérez-Conesa, M., Vidal, X., Mitjavila, F., Castro Salomó, A., Cuquet Pedragosa, J., Ortiz-Santamaria, V., Mauri Plana, M., & Cortés-Hernández, J. (2017) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210882 · Cited by 89
Pego‐Reigosa, J. M., Cobo‐Ibáñez, T., Calvo‐Alén, J., Loza‐Santamaría, E., Rahman, A., Muñoz‐Fernández, S., & Rúa‐Figueroa, Í. (2013) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22035 · Cited by 74
Metadata
- Authors
- Houssiau, F. A., D'Cruz, D., Sangle, S., Remy, P., Vasconcelos, C., Petrovic, R., Fiehn, C., de Ramon Garrido, E., Gilboe, I.-M., Tektonidou, M., Blockmans, D., Ravelingien, I., le Guern, V., Depresseux, G., Guillevin, L., & Cervera, R.
- Venue
- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2083-2089
- ISSN
- 0003-4967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2149459259
- Cited by
- 499
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 30.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Azathioprine versus mycophenolate mofetil for long-term immunosuppression in lupus nephritis: results from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/ard.2010.131995
- The paper
- Houssiau, F. A., D'Cruz, D., Sangle, S., Remy, P., Vasconcelos, C., Petrovic, R., Fiehn, C., de Ramon Garrido, E., Gilboe, I.-M., Tektonidou, M., Blockmans, D., Ravelingien, I., le Guern, V., Depresseux, G., Guillevin, L., & Cervera, R. (2010). Azathioprine versus mycophenolate mofetil for long-term immunosuppression in lupus nephritis: results from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.131995
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
