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Concept of true and perceived placebo effects
Open accessAbstract
We often and wrongly equate the response seen in the placebo arm of a clinical trial with the placebo effect. In order to obtain the true placebo effect, other non-specific effects can be identified by including an untreated control group in clinical trials. A review of the literature shows that most authors confuse the perceived placebo effect with the true placebo effect. The true placebo effect is highly variable, depending on several factors that are not fully understood. A distinction between the perceived and the true placebo effects would be helpful in understanding the complex phenomena involved in a placebo response.
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Citations
Cited by
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Hróbjartsson, A., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003974.pub3 · Cited by 777
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Colloca, L., & Benedetti, F. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1705 · Cited by 465
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Garlic Shows Promise for Improving Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors
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Geers, A. L., Helfer, S. G., Kosbab, K., Weiland, P. E., & Landry, S. J. (2005) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.011 · Cited by 225
Lilienfeld, S. O., Ritschel, L. A., Lynn, S. J., Cautin, R. L., & Latzman, R. D. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614535216 · Cited by 191
The placebo effect in neurological disorders
de la Fuente-Fernández, R., Schulzer, M., & Stoessl, A. J. (2002) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00038-8 · Cited by 187
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Dorn, S. D., Kaptchuk, T. J., Park, J. B., Nguyen, L. T., Canenguez, K., Nam, B. H., Woods, K. B., Conboy, L. A., Stason, W. B., & Lembo, A. J. (2007) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00937.x · Cited by 119
Lindheimer, J. B., Szabo, A., Raglin, J. S., & Beedie, C. (2020) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1632937 · Cited by 64
Rethinking placebo in psychiatry: how and why placebo effects occur
McQueen, D., Cohen, S., St John-Smith, P., & Rampes, H. (2013) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.112.010405 · Cited by 23
Balderson, B. H., McCurry, S. M., Vitiello, M. V., Shortreed, S. M., Rybarczyk, B. D., Keefe, F. J., & Korff, M. V. (2016) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2015.1036271 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Ernst, E., & Resch, K. L.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1995-08-26
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 7004
- Pages
- 551-553
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2005989575
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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