Cited by 1,600Statistical Methods in Clinical TrialsMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsMethemoglobinemia and Tumor Lysis Syndrome

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Simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments: Combining direct and indirect evidence.

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Caldwell, Deborah M, Ades, A E, Higgins, J P T·2005·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.331.7521.897PMC PMC1255806

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A randomized comparison between rasburicase and allopurinol in children with lymphoma or

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“Network (or multiple/mixed treatment) meta-analyses are an enhancement of the traditional meta-analysis methodology to more than two interventions [24].”
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Estimating relative efficacy in acute postoperative pain: network meta-analysis is consistent with indirect comparison to placebo alone
Moore, A., Derry, S., Wiffen, P. J., Banerjee, S., Karan, R., Glimm, E., Wiksten, A. S., Aldington, D. J., & Eccleston, C. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001322 · Cited by 19
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“Network meta-analysis (NMA) extends this approach by evaluating many pairwise comparisons across a variety of interventions [2,3].”
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Background
A statistical symphony
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“Caldwell 2005 Caldwell DM, Ades AE, Higgins JP. Simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments: combining direct and indirect evidence.”
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[GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence - indirectness].
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A pragmatic resolution
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Background
Effect of red meat consumption on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Background
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“The advantage of a network meta-analysis is that indirect evidence can be used to obtain certainty for all treatment comparisons, and the two interventions can be compared in a network meta-analysis even if there is no direct evidence to compare them [36].”
Background
Statistical analyses and quality of individual participant data network meta-analyses were suboptimal: a cross-sectional study
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Comparative efficacy and safety of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis
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“The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was used to obtain the pooled effect sizes [11].”
BackgroundMethod
Intravesical Chemotherapy after Radical Nephroureterectomy for Primary Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Yoo, S. H., Jeong, C. W., Kwak, C. H., Kim, H. H., Choo, M. S., & Ku, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8071059 · Cited by 17
“The selection of a fixed or random effects model for reported outcomes was based on model fit criteria (Deviance Information Criteria, DIC) penalizing greater model complexity [22].”
Method
Making Sense of Dual HER2-Targeting in Early Breast Cancer?
Carey, L., & Barry, W. (2014) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/dju259 · Cited by 17
Decision Making for Healthcare Resource Allocation: Joint v. Separate Decisions on Interacting Interventions
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Comparative effectiveness of psychological interventions for treating the psychological consequences of sexual abuse in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis
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Cost-effectiveness of interventions for increasing the possession of functioning smoke alarms in households with pre-school children: a modelling study
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“Mixed treatment comparisons (also known as network meta-analysis) [32-35] are an extension of standard (pairwise) meta-analysis that enable the simultaneous comparison of all evaluated interventions within a single coherent analysis.”
Background
Mortality and drug therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis
Scott, D. A., Woods, B. S., Thompson, J. C., Clark, J. F., Hawkins, N., Chambers, M. G., Celli, B. R., & Calverley, P. M. A. (2015) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0138-4 · Cited by 16
“NMA was then used to allow all treatment options to be compared in a single analysis [11–13].”
Method
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Song, G. G., Seo, Y. H., Kim, J., Choi, S. J., Ji, J. D., & Lee, Y. H. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie · doi:10.1007/s00393-015-0023-9 · Cited by 16
“We used the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to obtain pooled effect sizes [17].”
Method
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antiepileptic drugs for classical trigeminal neuralgia: a Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol
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“We will apply network meta-analysis to integrate direct and indirect comparisons, 29 30 which could be used not only to strengthen inferences concerning the efficacy and acceptability of treatments but also to rank the efficacy and acceptability of antiepileptic drugs accordingly.”
Method
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“…studies are rarely used to inform scientiﬁc or medical decision making (Slavin, 1995), multiple sources of evidence may be aggregated in order to offer more generalizable and precise comparisons between treatments (Lum-ley, 2004, Salanti et al., 2008, Caldwell et al., 2005, Lu and Ades, 2004).”
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Network meta-analysis of urinary retention and mortality after Lichtenstein repair of inguinal hernia under local, regional or general anaesthesia
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“The present NMA included RCTs comparing the study drugs (SGLT2i, vericiguat, or omecamtiv mecarbil) with the placebo on top of standard-of-care therapy for HFrEF, thus obtaining indirect comparisons of the relative efficacy of the investigated study drugs [16,17].”
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“Data were assessed using a Bayesian meta-analysis approach(13, 14), conducted using WinBUGS 1.”
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“The network meta-analysis method improves statistical power and precision by assessing the comparative effectiveness of multiple interventions and combining evidence across a network of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), even in the absence of head-to-head comparisons [18].”
Method
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“Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. a Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, b Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.”
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“Caldwell 2005 Caldwell DM, Ades AE, Higgins JP. Simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments: combining direct and indirect evidence.”
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“Phillippo et al.13 introduced the general ML-NMR model, which we extend here for ordered categorical outcomes following the approach taken for AgD NMA.4,27”
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Authors: Caldwell, D. M., Ades, A. E., & Higgins, J. P. T.
Affiliations: University of Bristol (GB)
MRC Biostatistics Unit (GB)
Corresponding author: Caldwell, Deborah M
ORCID: Caldwell, Deborah M
Ades, A E
Higgins, J P T
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2005-10-13
Volume: 331
Issue: 7521
Pages: 897-900
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.331.7521.897
PMC: PMC1255806
OpenAlex: W1967385770
Cited by: 1,600
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 53 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 108 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 80
FWCI: 16.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.bmj.org/licenses/tdm/1.0/terms-and-conditions.html (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Methemoglobinemia and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Keywords: rasburicase, allopurinol, hyperuricemia, lymphoma, pediatric oncology, direct and indirect evidence, treatment comparison
MeSH terms: Data Interpretation, Statistical, Decision Making, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Bias, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Evidence-Based Medicine

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Simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments: Combining direct and indirect evidence.

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