Giving feedback in clinical settings

The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory.

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Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features from an Instructional Design Perspective

Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993) · Performance Improvement Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1993.tb00605.x · Cited by 1,410

Feedback in Clinical Medical Education

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On the definition of feedback

Ramaprasad, A. (1983) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/bs.3830280103 · Cited by 915

ASSESSMENT – SUMMATIVE AND FORMATIVE – SOME THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS

Taras, M. (2005) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8527.2005.00307.x · Cited by 727

Cognitive Psychology and Instruction

Bruning, R. H. (1995) · Cited by 721

The Consultation: An Approach to Learning and Teaching.

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Teaching and learning in ambulatory care settings

Irby, D. M. (1995) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199510000-00014 · Cited by 508

Systematic review of the literature on assessment, feedback and physicians’ clinical performance: BEME Guide No. 7

Veloski, J., Boex, J. R., Grasberger, M. J., Evans, A., & Wolfson, D. B. (2006) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590600622665 · Cited by 500

Failure to Fail: The Perspectives of Clinical Supervisors

Dudek, N. L., Marks, M. B., & Regehr, G. (2005) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200510001-00023 · Cited by 422

Use of feedback on medium-term blood pressure measurement skills in medical students: a randomized controlled trial

Castro, M. A. B. E., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Tibiriçá, S. H. C., Ezequiel, O. D. S., & Lucchetti, G. (2020) · Blood Pressure Monitoring · doi:10.1097/mbp.0000000000000433 · Cited by 2

In Pursuit of the Most Effective Method of Teaching Feedback Skills to Emergency Medicine Residents in Qatar: A Mixed Design

Bashir, K., Elmoheen, A. M., Seif, M. A., Anjum, S., Farook, S., & Thomas, S. H. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.8155 · Cited by 2

The problem with feedback

Foster‐Collins, H., Conn, R., Dornan, T., Lloyd, M., & Mattick, K. L. (2021) · MedEdPublish · doi:10.15694/mep.2021.000128.1 · Cited by 2

Teaching Procedural Clinical Skills to Health Care Professionals in Ghana; The Need to Embrace the New Paradigm Shift

Awuku, Y. A., & Asare, N. A. A. (2022) · Postgraduate Medical Journal of Ghana · doi:10.60014/pmjg.v5i2.165 · Cited by 2

Feedback-based approach in teaching medical interviewing

Eklics, K., Fekete, J., Halász, R., Hambuch, A., & Szalai-Szolcsányi, J. (2023) · Porta Lingua · doi:10.48040/pl.2023.1.11 · Cited by 2

The ‘Kidney’ model for optimising feedback in undergraduate clinical communication: A meta-ethnographic systematic review

Miles, K., O’Neill, B., & Li, S. (2023) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2023.108050 · Cited by 2

Midwifery students’ perceptions of factors influencing their clinical feedback in educational clinical environment: A qualitative study

Mohamadirizi, S., Abbasi, Z., Shirdel, E., & Nazari, S. (2025) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1986_23 · Cited by 2

Evaluation of a performance appraisal framework for radiation therapists in planning and simulation

Becker, J., Bridge, P., Brown, E., Lusk, R., & Ferrari‐Anderson, J. (2015) · Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences · doi:10.1002/jmrs.106 · Cited by 2

Observations on the case for reclaiming portfolio log entries as assessments for learning

Foulkes, J., Scallan, S., Coles, C. R., & Elmer, R. (2011) · Education for Primary Care · doi:10.1080/14739879.2011.11493956 · Cited by 2

Clinical Clerkship Education Improves With Implementing a System of Internal Program Evaluation Using Medical Students' Feedbacks.

Sadeghı, A., Meybodi, H. A., Navabakhsh, B., Soroush, A., Malekzadeh, M. M., & Khorgami, Z. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 2

Teaching the Teacher: The Impact of a Workshop Developed for Radiation Therapists

Moline, R. L., Peacock, M., & Moline, K. A. (2018) · Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jmir.2018.02.003 · Cited by 2

Communication in intensive care units and cardiac wards – A literature review and personal experiences

Mangafic, S., Axelsson, B., Holzmann, M. J., Arbeus, M., & Bjurman, C. (2018) · Journal of Hospital Administration · doi:10.5430/jha.v8n1p1 · Cited by 2

Strengthening the feedback culture in a postgraduate residency program

Tariq, M., Boulet, J., Motiwala, A., Saeed, S., Awan, S., Zehra, T., & Ali, S. (2021) · Education for Health · doi:10.4103/efh.efh_144_19 · Cited by 2

Bedside Teaching in the Emergency Department: A Model for Delivering Effective Learner-Centered Feedback

Ryan, M. (2022) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2022.133046 · Cited by 2

Effect Evaluation of “Organ System-Centered” Course in Clinical Teaching

Liang, H., Zhang, T., & Wang, B. (2022) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2022.138162 · Cited by 2

Mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) as a learning and assessment tool: Residents’ and facultys’ perceptions.

R., S. R. V., Prasad, K., & Krishnappa, J. (2018) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.58739/jcbs/v08i3.6 · Cited by 2

Breaking Down the Barriers to Feedback

Gigante, J. (2012) · Pediatrics & Therapeutics · doi:10.4172/2161-0665.1000e108 · Cited by 2

Exploring pharmacist experiences of delivering individualised prescribing error feedback in an acute hospital setting

Lloyd, M., Watmough, S. D., O’Brien, S., Furlong, N. J., & Hardy, K. J. (2017) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.11.008 · Cited by 2

Shadowing emergency medicine residents by medical education specialists to provide feedback on non-medical knowledge-based ACGME sub-competencies

Waterbrook, A. L., Ellinwood, K. S., Pritchard, T. G., Bertels, K., Johnson, A. C., Min, A., & Stoneking, L. (2018) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s151216 · Cited by 2

A Virtual Veterinary Emergency Clinic – investigation of students' perceptions and self-efficacy beliefs

Langhorn, R., Bjørnvad, C. R., Fog-Larsen, A. M., Willesen, J. L., May, M., & Langebæk, R. (2018) · Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift · doi:10.7146/dut.v13i25.103936 · Cited by 2

Perceptions and Clinical Applications of Feedback Type

Gonzalez, E. E. (2019) · Journal of Dental Sciences Research and Therapy · doi:10.29199/2637-7055/dsrt-301026 · Cited by 2

CCrISP course-Care of critically Ill surgical patient: A critical educational evaluation of the curriculum

Anastasiadou, S. (2019) · Archives of Otolaryngology & Rhinology · doi:10.17352/2455-1759.000110 · Cited by 2

Exploring the learning climate in anaesthesiology training hospitals in Ireland

Walshe, C. M., & Flaherty, G. T. (2020) · British Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.12968/bjhc.2020.0006 · Cited by 1

Optimizing feedback reception: a scoping review of skills and strategies for medical learners

Rowe, J., Bouchard-Lamothe, D., Haggerty, T., Engel, J. S., Etherington, C., Kaur, M., Vincent, É., Ghanmi, N., Gujral, P., Ly, V., et al. (2025) · Canadian Medical Education Journal · doi:10.36834/cmej.79722 · Cited by 1

Improving Pediatric Fellows’ Feedback Skills and Confidence Through Objective Structured Examinations

Yu, J. C., Rhee, K. E., Dworsky, Z. D., Larrow, A., Passarelli, P., & Patel, A. (2024) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-23-00332.1 · Cited by 1

Interpreting Pediatric Laryngeal Ultrasonography: A Training Protocol for Novice Examiners

Lee, J., Siu, A. K. Y., & Ma, E. (2025) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00367 · Cited by 1

Latent profiles of teaching self-efficacy and clinical teaching behaviors among clinical nurse preceptors and factors associated with profile membership: a cross-sectional study

Hou, Y., Zhang, L., Jin, M., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Cheng, T., Li, X., & Wang, Z. (2026) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-026-09989-9 · Cited by 1

Strategies of providing feedback on student work: Enhancing Student Experience at Middle East College, Sultanate of Oman

Agha, K., Muscat, K. O., & Gr, K. (2014) · Cited by 1

Ethics: Regular practice review: promised joy or naught but grief and pain?

Wallis, K. A. (2014) · Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.1071/hc14165 · Cited by 1

Introduction to Debriefing

Oriot, D., & Alinier, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59882-6_1 · Cited by 1

Peer Review in Perioperative Medicine

Loup, O., & Luedi, M. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96125-5_28 · Cited by 1

Continuing Professional Development

Whicker, S. A., & Nagler, A. (2019) · Advances in medical education, research, and ethics (AMERE) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-1468-9.ch019 · Cited by 1

The occasional teacher. Part 4: feedback and evaluation.

Osmun, W. E., & Parr, J. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 1

Die DEGAM-Kampagne für Hospitationen in Hausarztpraxen

Egidi, G., & Mainz, A. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin · doi:10.1007/bf03652592 · Cited by 1

ETKİLİ SÜPERVİZÖR GERİ BİLDİRİMİ: DERLEME BİR ÇALIŞMA

Meydan, B., AKKAYA, M. S., PEHLİVAN, Y., & Sağkal, A. S. (2023) · Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi · doi:10.30783/nevsosbilen.1228099 · Cited by 1

Current Landscape of Urological Surgical Training: A Needs Assessment Survey in Japan

Abe, N., Abe, T., Hori, K., Abe, J., Okada, K., Takahashi, K., Harada, S., Kon, M., Furumido, J., Hashimoto, K., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.70055 · Cited by 1

Feedback Framework in Psychiatry Residency Training: A Cross-sectional Survey Amongst Psychiatry Post-graduate Residents of India

Nebhinani, N., Singhai, K., Kaur, H., Mohanram, A., Tekkalaki, B. V., & Kishor, M. R. (2025) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176251355121 · Cited by 1

Feedback as Conceptualised and Practised in South East Asia

Ponnamperuma, G. G. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781780634333.43 · Cited by 1

Pear shaped: responding to adversity

Clay, A. (2016) · Education for Primary Care · doi:10.1080/14739879.2016.1218797 · Cited by 1

Teaching twenty-first century trainees

Kenwright, D. N., Charlton, A., & Grainger, R. (2018) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2018.07.001 · Cited by 1

The Role of Feedback in Teaching

Faichney, N., & Kelly, E. M. (2019) · Respiratory medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10680-5_15 · Cited by 1

Perceptions of Clinical Supervision in Ambulatory Settings: Do Supervisee and Supervisors See Eye to Eye?

Audétat, M., Cerutti, B., Rieder, A., & Fernández, N. (2020) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2020.113023 · Cited by 1

Empowering Clinician Education With Patient‐outcome Feedback

Iserson, K. V. (2020) · AEM Education and Training · doi:10.1002/aet2.10489 · Cited by 2

Feedback: How to Give and Take?

Adkoli, B. V., & Parija, S. C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3409-6_3 · Cited by 1

Implementation and Evaluation of Team-Based Learning in a Pharmacy Law and Ethics Module

Guerreiro, M. P. (2020) · Advances in medical education, research, and ethics (AMERE) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4486-0.ch007 · Cited by 1

The two heads of a simulated patient – maximizing their use in communication training

Grandal, N. S., Laughey, W. F., & Finn, G. M. (2020) · Journal of Communications In Healthcare · doi:10.1080/17538068.2020.1858221 · Cited by 2

Validation of a Spanish version of a 360° feedback tool for residents' performance: A pilot study

Parodi, J. B., de Lima, A., Burgos, L. M., & Gelpi, R. (2020) · Education for Health · doi:10.4103/efh.efh_119_19 · Cited by 1

Mikrovyučování jako prostor pro implementaci vrstevnického hodnocení do přípravy studentů učitelství

Rokos, L. (2020) · Pedagogická orientace · doi:10.5817/pedor2020-3-315 · Cited by 1

Anaesthesiology trainers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of feedback in a South African anaesthesiology department

Naicker, K., Govender, K., & Singaram, V. (2021) · Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia · doi:10.36303/sajaa.2021.27.4.2569 · Cited by 1

Does the format residents use to give and receive feedback about teaching affect the usefulness of the feedback?

Okpalauwaekwe, U., Polreis, S., & D’Eon, M. F. (2021) · Canadian Medical Education Journal · doi:10.36834/cmej.71595 · Cited by 1

The New Roadmap for Creating Online Courses

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890 · Cited by 2

Giving Feedback to Students

Lachman, N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43283-6_19 · Cited by 1

The Encounters of Clinical Teaching in Hierarchical and Collectivistic Contexts

Suhoyo, Y., & Emilia, O. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7232-3_4 · Cited by 1

European Working Time Directive in a stroke unit: hidden deficits

McCarron, M. O., Armstrong, M., & McCarron, P. (2009) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp069 · Cited by 1

Challenges of Assessment in Medical Residency Training

Duitsman, M. E. (2020) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 1

Role of corrective feedback as a learning tool in dental education.Preprint

Pateel, D. G. S., Gunjal, S., & Zain, R. B. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4930814/v1 · Cited by 1

Formative feedback in a virtual patient simulator for clinical audiology training

Guard, L. M. (2013) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6383

Mentoring: a learning relationship to foster change

Nash, M. (2013) · Dental Nursing · doi:10.12968/denn.2013.9.4.216

Feedback en educación clínica Artículos de Revisión / Review Articles

Calle, J. F. C. (2014)

Effective Communication: Receiving and Providing Feedback

Bzowyckyj, A. S., Kuhn, C., & Pharmacy, K. (2013)

Clinician’s Commentary on Mori et al.

Hall, M. (2019) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc-2018-43-cc

Workplace learning for general practitioners in palliative care : suitable and feasible?

Pype, P. F. (2014) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)

Primary care for children: back to the future

Cooper, N. (2011) · Education for Primary Care · doi:10.1080/14739879.2011.11493989

Guidance on feedback of outcome data to improve performance in vascular surgery

Li, M., Shalhoub, J., Davies, A. H., & Maruthappu, M. (2016) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2016.77.8.476

Old practices, new windows: reflections on a communications skills innovation

Cantillon, P. (2017) · Education for Primary Care · doi:10.1080/14739879.2016.1275952

Student Perceptions of Assessment for Workplace Learning and Summative Decisions Using Frequent Mini-CEXs

Mowchun, J. J., Feldman, M. S., & Shoop, G. H. (2017) · MedEdPublish · doi:10.15694/mep.2017.000113

Providing Effective Feedback within Pharmacy Practice Education

Yoon, J.-H. (2017) · Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.24304/kjcp.2017.27.2.55

Retroalimentación: Piedra angular de la enseñanza clínica

Ortiz‐López, N. (2017) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872017000500019

Annals of Pediatrics & Child Health Feedback in the Clinical

Gigante, J. (2014)

The development and implementation of a performance appraisal framework for radiation therapists in planning and simulation

Becker, J., Bridge, P., Brown, E., Ferrari‐Anderson, J., & Lusk, R. (2017) · Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences · doi:10.1002/jmrs.249

The use of a self-regulated learning conceptual framework to investigate students' engagement with individualised feedback from summative clinical examinations at a UK medical school

Merricks, B. A. (2017) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)

Kommunikation und Feedback

Sennekamp, M., Kollewe, T., & Ochsendorf, F. R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-56305-2_5

Interprofessional communication: How do we do it?

Harper, J. C., & Kracun, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Nursing Education and Practice · doi:10.5430/jnep.v9n4p48

The influence of assessor training on scoring and feedback: A qualitative study of assessor perceptions

Hodwitz, K. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)

Persepsi Dosen Pembimbing Klinik Dalam Pelatihan Pemberian Umpan Balik Dengan Metode Pendleton Kepada Mahasiswa

Febria, N. D., Claramita, M., & Widyandana, W. (2018) · Insisiva Dental Journal Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva · doi:10.18196/di.7190

Swinging the Pendulum from Recipes to Relationships

Ramani (2018) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20181031sr · Cited by 1

Clinical communication training in medical education : a conversation analytic approach

Ng, G.-T. (2019) · doi:10.32657/10356/86104

Instructional Feedback in Medical Education

Sargeant, J. M., & Watling, C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316832134.015 · Cited by 1

DOES FEEDBACK HAVE A ROLE IN IMPROVING THE LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT IN FIRST PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL STUDENTS: A QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY IN ANATOMY

Lalit, M., Piplani, S., Professor, D. O. P., Mahajan, A., & Professor & Head, D. O. A. (2019) · International Journal of Anatomy and Research · doi:10.16965/ijar.2019.334

Physiotherapy students perceptions of clinical reasoning

Fobian, N. (2020)

Evaluation of Internship Feedback (A Quantitative Study)

Layık, M. E., & Korkmaz, D. (2020) · Van Medical Journal · doi:10.5505/vtd.2020.92053

Ciências da saúde: ensino, formação e pesquisa

Santos, Y. D. S. (2021) · Amplla Editora eBooks · doi:10.51859/amplla.cse238.1121-0

Effect of advanced simulation training with digital feedback on dental faculty’s competency in tooth preparation: A pre-post designPreprint

Xu, X., Xie, Q., Zhou, Y., Wu, L., & Cao, Y. (2019) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.2.13731/v1

How to Make Your Feedback Effective?

Hadi, A. (2021) · Journal of Saidu Medical College · doi:10.52206/jsmc.11.1.58-60

FEEDBACK

Mahsood, N., Jamil, B., Mehboob, U., Kibria, Z., & Khalil, K. U. R. (2018) · The Professional Medical Journal · doi:10.29309/tpmj/18.4242

Course Evaluation and Revision

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.015

La uva de mesa del Vinalopó, un producto de calidad diferenciada

Mármol, E. (2004) · Hispana

Digital unterstütztes Peer-Feedback im Dermatologie-Praktikum

Barahona, D. M. C. (2021) · doi:10.21248/gups.62687

Evaluation verschiedener Lehrformate in der Vermittlung allgemeinmedizinischer Basiskompetenzen innerhalb einer studentisch betriebenen Poliklinik

Manap, A. (2021) · doi:10.21248/gups.60985

Comment (mieux) superviser les étudiants en sciences de la santé dans leurs stages et dans leurs activités de recherche ?

(2018) · De Boeck Supérieur eBooks · doi:10.3917/dbu.pelac.2018.01.0353

Appendix

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.017

Course Destination

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.005

Revise

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.014

Teaching Residents

Keller, J. M., & Çoruh, B. (2019) · Respiratory medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10680-5_3

References

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.018

Course Structure

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.012

Start Here

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.001

Prepare

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.002

Create

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.007

Epilogue

Barber, C. R., McCollum, J. K., & Maboudian, W. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108766890.016

Feedback in Clinical Education

ten Cate, O., Stokking, K. M., & van de Ridder, J. M. M. (2004) · Cited by 5

El feedback como herramienta docente en la formación clínica. 1.ª parte

Salvador, J. J. R., & Ortiz, J. C. A. (2018) · Educación Médica · doi:10.1016/j.edumed.2018.02.001 · Cited by 10

Giving feedback to students in clinical education

McAllister, L. (2007)

Twelve tips for giving feedback effectively in the clinical environment

Ramani, S., & Krackov, S. K. (2012) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2012.684916 · Cited by 438

The Importance of Feedback in Clinical Supervision

Freeman, E. M. (1985) · The Clinical Supervisor · doi:10.1300/j001v03n01_02 · Cited by 41