Problems of stopping trials early

Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients.

Van den Berghe, G., Wouters, P., Weekers, F., Verwaest, C., Bruyninckx, F., Schetz, M., Vlasselaers, D., Ferdinande, P., Lauwers, P., & Bouillon, R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011300 · Cited by 9,977 · see citing works

Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises

Nickerson, R. S. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175 · Cited by 7,267 · see citing works

Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Activated Protein C for Severe Sepsis

Bernard, G. R., Vincent, J., Laterre, P., LaRosa, S. P., Dhainaut, J.-F., Lopez-Rodriguez, A., Steingrub, J. S., Garber, G. E., Helterbrand, J. D., Ely, E. W., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200103083441001 · Cited by 6,124 · see citing works

Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock

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Surviving Sepsis Campaign Management Guidelines Committee. Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock

Dellinger, R. P. (2004) · Critical Care Medicine · Cited by 1,848 · see citing works

ACC/AHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery—executive summary

Eagle, K. A., Berger, P. B., Calkins, H. G., CHAITMAN, B. R., Ewy, G. A., Fleischmann, K. E., Fleisher, L. A., Froehlich, J. B., Gusberg, R. J., Leppo, J. A., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01788-0 · Cited by 1,687 · see citing works

The Effect of Bisoprolol on Perioperative Mortality and Myocardial Infarction in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery

Poldermans, D., Boersma, E. H., Bax, J. J., Thomson, I. R., van de Ven, L. L. M., Blankensteijn, J. D., Baars, H. F., Yo, T. I., Trocino, G., Vigna, C., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199912093412402 · Cited by 1,480 · see citing works

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients

Heyland, D., Dhaliwal, R., Drover, J., Gramlich, L. M., & Dodek, P. (2003) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607103027005355 · Cited by 1,471 · see citing works

Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated) for Adults with Severe Sepsis and a Low Risk of Death

Abraham, E. H., Laterre, P., Garg, R., Levy, H. A., Talwar, D., Trzaskoma, B. L., François, B., Guy, J. S., Brückmann, M., Réa-Neto, Á., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050935 · Cited by 887 · see citing works

Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery

Authors Task Force Members, Poldermans, D., Bax, J. J., Boersma, E. H., Hert, S. G. D., Eeckhout, E., Fowkes, G. R., Görenek, B., Hennerici, M. G., Iung, B., et al. (2009) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp337 · Cited by 734 · see citing works

Stopping Randomized Trials Early for Benefit and Estimation of Treatment Effects Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis

Bassler, D. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.310 · Cited by 613 · see citing works

American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on Inpatient Diabetes and Metabolic Control

Garber, A. J., Moghissi, E. S., Bransome, E. D., Clark, N. G., Clement, S. C., Cobin, R. H., Furnary, A. P., Hirsch, I. B., Levy, P., Roberts, R., et al. (2004) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.10.s2.4 · Cited by 406 · see citing works

Perioperative β blockers in patients having non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis

Bangalore, S., Wetterslev, J., Pranesh, S., Sawhney, S., Gluud, C. N., & Messerli, F. H. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61560-3 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

Lowering Cardiac Risk in Noncardiac Surgery

Fleisher, L. A., & Eagle, K. A. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp002842 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

Benefits and Risks of Tight Glucose Control in Critically Ill Adults: A Meta-analysis

Wiener, R. S., Wiener, D. C., & Larson, R. J. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.8.933 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

Practical problems in interim analyses, with particular regard to estimation

Pocock, S., & Hughes, M. D. (1989) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(89)90059-7 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Randomized Trials Stopped Early for Benefit: A Systematic Review

Montori, V. M., Devereaux, P. J., Adhikari, N. K. J., Burns, K. E. A., Eggert, C. H., Briel, M., Lacchetti, C., Leung, T. W., Darling, E., Bryant, D. M., et al. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.17.2203 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation

Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & the PRISMA-P Group (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647 · Cited by 13,120 · see citing works

Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

Perkovic, V., Jardine, M. J., Neal, B., Bompoint, S., Heerspink, H. J. L., Charytan, D. M., Edwards, R., Agarwal, R., Bakris, G., Bull, S., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1811744 · Cited by 6,189 · see citing works

Why clinical trial outcomes fail to translate into benefits for patients

Heneghan, C., Goldacre, B., & Mahtani, K. R. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1870-2 · Cited by 404 · see citing works

Understanding GRADE: an introduction

Goldet, G., & Howick, J. (2013) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12018 · Cited by 390 · see citing works

Toward Smarter Lumping and Smarter Splitting: Rethinking Strategies for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Trial Design

Prescott, H. C., Calfee, C. S., Thompson, B., Angus, D. C., & Liu, V. X. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201512-2544cp · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Optimal Oxygenation of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Oxygen Saturation Target Studies

Saugstad, O. D., & Aune, D. (2013) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000356561 · Cited by 294 · see citing works

Effect of early versus late or no tracheostomy on mortality and pneumonia of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Siempos, I. Ι., Ntaidou, T. K., Filippidis, F. T., & Choi, A. M. K. (2015) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00007-7 · Cited by 273 · see citing works

The thresholds for statistical and clinical significance – a five-step procedure for evaluation of intervention effects in randomised clinical trials

Jakobsen, J. C., Gluud, C. N., Winkel, P., Lange, T., & Wetterslev, J. (2014) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-34 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults

George, R., Sundararaj, J. J., Govindaraj, R., Chacko, A. G., & Tharyan, P. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006716.pub3 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

CONSORT extension for reporting N-of-1 trials (CENT) 2015: Explanation and elaboration

Shamseer, L., Sampson, M., Bukutu, C., Schmid, C. H., Nikles, J., Tate, R. L., Johnston, B. C., Zucker, D. R., Shadish, W. R., Kravitz, R. L., et al. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h1793 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

CONSORT extension for reporting N-of-1 trials (CENT) 2015: explanation and elaboration

Shamseer, L., Sampson, M., Bukutu, C., Schmid, C. H., Nikles, J., Tate, R. L., Johnston, B. C., Zucker, D. R., Shadish, W. R., Kravitz, R. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.05.018 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Safe oxygen saturation targeting and monitoring in preterm infants: can we avoid hypoxia and hyperoxia?

Sola, A., GOLOMBEK, S. G., Bueno, M. T. M., Lemus‐Varela, L., Zuluaga, C., Domínguez, F., Baquero, H., Sarmiento, A. Y., Natta, D., Perez, J. M. R., et al. (2014) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.12692 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Effect Estimates in Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: Comparing Apples With Apples

Lodi, S., Phillips, A. N., Lundgren, J. D., Logan, R. W., Sharma, S., Cole, S. R., Babiker, A. G., Law, M. G., Chu, H., Byrne, D. D., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwz100 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Noninvasive Ventilation With vs Without Early Surfactant to Prevent Chronic Lung Disease in Preterm Infants

Isayama, T., Chai‐Adisaksopha, C., & McDonald, S. D. (2015) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0510 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Does Teriparatide Improve Femoral Neck Fracture Healing: Results From A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial

Bhandari, M., Jin, L., See, K., Burge, R. T., Gilchrist, N. L., Witvrouw, R., Krohn, K., Warner, M. R., Ahmad, Q. I., & Mitlak, B. (2016) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4669-z · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Ketamine‐Propofol Versus Propofol Alone for Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Yan, J. W., McLeod, S. L., & Iansavitchene, A. (2015) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12737 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Oxygen targeting in preterm infants: a physiological interpretation

Lakshminrusimha, S., Manja, V., Mathew, B., & Suresh, G. (2014) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2014.199 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Promoting higher blood pressure targets for frail older adults: A consensus guideline from Canada

Mallery, L. H., Allen, M., Fleming, I., Kelly, K., Bowles, S. K., Duncan, J., & Moorhouse, P. A. (2014) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.81a.13110 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Delivery room interventions to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants

Foglia, E. E., Jensen, E. A., & Kirpalani, H. M. (2017) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2017.74 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Early vasopressor use following traumatic injury: a systematic review

Hylands, M., Toma, A., Beaudoin, N., Frenette, A. J., D’Aragon, F., Belley‐Côté, E. P., Charbonney, E., Møller, M. H., Laake, J. H., Vandvik, P. O., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017559 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Neuroanesthesiology Update

Pasternak, J. J., & Lanier, W. L. (2009) · Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/ana.0000000000000048 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

The Effect of a Liberal Approach to Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter, Parallel-Group, Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial

Poole, A. P., Finnis, M., Anstey, J. R., Bellomo, R., Bihari, S., Biradar, V., Doherty, S., Eastwood, G. M., Finfer, S. R., French, C., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202202-0329oc · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis

Fuentes, R., Osorio, D., Hernández, J. E., Simancas‐Racines, D., Martínez‐Zapata, M. J., & Bonfill, X. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012086.pub2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Impact of male circumcision on risk of HIV infection in men in a changing epidemic context – systematic review and meta‐analysis

Farley, T. M. M., Samuelson, J. L., Grabowski, M. K., Ameyan, W., Gray, R. H., & Baggaley, R. C. (2020) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.1002/jia2.25490 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Evidence-Based Practice Is Not Synonymous With Delivery of Uniform Health Care

Djulbegović, B., & Guyatt, G. H. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10713 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Recent directions in personalised acute respiratory distress syndrome medicine

Jabaudon, M., Blondonnet, R., Audard, J., Fournet, M., Godet, T., Sapin, V., & Constantin, J. (2017) · Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2017.08.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Thrombectomy for Stroke with Selection by Perfusion Imaging

Albers, G. W., Marks, M. P., & Lansberg, M. G. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1803856 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Estimated lifetime benefit of novel pharmacological therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A joint analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Heerspink, H. J. L., Vart, P., Jongs, N., Neuen, B. L., Bakris, G. L., Claggett, B. L., Vaduganathan, M., McCausland, F. R., Docherty, K. F., Jhund, P. S., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15232 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Foregoing low‐value care: how much evidence is needed to change beliefs?

Scott, I. A., & Elshaug, A. G. (2013) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.12065 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Stopping guidelines for an effectiveness trial: what should the protocol specify?

Tyson, J. E., Pedroza, C., Wallace, D., D’Angio, C. T., Bell, E. F., & Das, A. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1367-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Randomised trials with provision for early stopping for benefit (or harm): The impact on the estimated treatment effect

Walter, S. D., Guyatt, G. H., Bassler, D., Briel, M., Ramsay, T., & Han, H. (2019) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.8142 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

A systematic survey of randomised trials that stopped early for reasons of futility

Walter, S. D., Han, H., Guyatt, G. H., Bassler, D., Bhatnagar, N., Gloy, V., Schandelmaier, S., & Briel, M. (2020) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-020-0899-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Enteral lactoferrin to prevent infection for very preterm infants: the ELFIN RCT

Griffiths, J., Jenkins, P. A., Vargova, M., Bowler, U., Juszczak, E., King, A., Linsell, L., Murray, D. R. P., Partlett, C., Patel, M., et al. (2018) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta22740 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Lessons From ADAURA on Adjuvant Cancer Drug Trials: Evidence, Ethics, and Economics

Gyawali, B., & West, H. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.01762 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Pharmacoepidemiology: Using randomised control trials and observational studies in clinical decision‐making

Caparrotta, T. M., Dear, J. W., Colhoun, H. M., & Webb, D. J. (2019) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14024 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Quantifying the bias in the estimated treatment effect in randomized trials having interim analyses and a rule for early stopping for futility

Walter, S. D., Han, H., Briel, M., & Guyatt, G. H. (2017) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.7242 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

A Propensity Score Matched Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Taking Vitamin K Antagonists: Comparing the “Real-World” vs Clinical Trials

Rivera‐Caravaca, J. M., Esteve‐Pastor, M. A., Marín, F. R., Valdés, M., Vicente, V., Roldán, V., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.028 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Advantages of Bayesian monitoring methods in deciding whether and when to stop a clinical trial: an example of a neonatal cooling trial

Pedroza, C., Tyson, J. E., Das, A., Laptook, A. R., Bell, E. F., & Shankaran, S. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1480-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

The Range and Scientific Value of Randomized Trials

Lange, S., Sauerland, S., Lauterberg, J., & Windeler, J. (2017) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0635 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Point estimation for adaptive trial designs II : Practical considerations and guidance

Robertson, D. S., Choodari‐Oskooei, B., Dimairo, M., Flight, L., Pallmann, P., & Jaki, T. (2023) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.9734 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

The Evidence-based Medicine Paradigm: Where are We 20 Years Later? Part 1

Seshia, S. S., & Young, G. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100014542 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Minimally Invasive Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical Cancer: When Adoption of a Novel Treatment Precedes Prospective, Randomized Evidence

Melamed, A., Rauh‐Hain, J. A., & Ramirez, P. T. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.19.01164 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Reporting summary results in clinical trial registries: updated guidance from WHO

Chan, A.-W., Karam, G., Pymento, J., Askie, L. M., da Silva, L. R., Aymé, S., Taylor, C. M., Hooft, L., Ross, A. L., & Moorthy, V. (2025) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00514-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Suggestions for improving guideline utility and trustworthiness

Scott, I. A., & Guyatt, G. H. (2013) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101634 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Third-wave cognitive therapy versus mentalisation-based treatment for major depressive disorder: a randomised clinical trial

Jakobsen, J. C., Gluud, C. N., Kongerslev, M., Larsen, K. A., Sørensen, P., Winkel, P., Lange, T., Søgaard, U., & Simonsen, E. H. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004903 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Covid-19 controversies: the tocilizumab chapter

McCreary, E. K., & Meyer, N. J. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n244 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone to Protect Against Muscle Weakness in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Pilot, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Mendias, C. L., Enselman, E. R. S., Olszewski, A. M., Gumucio, J. P., Edon, D. L., Konnaris, M. A., Carpenter, J. E., Awan, T. M., Jacobson, J. A., Gagnier, J. J., et al. (2020) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546520920591 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Research and policy implications of a recently published controlled study in previously untreated haemophilia patients at high risk of inhibitor development

Iorio, A. (2017) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.13176 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Detailed statistical analysis plan for the short-term versus long-term mentalisation-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder randomised clinical trial (MBT-RCT)

Juul, S., Simonsen, S., Poulsen, S., Lunn, S., Sørensen, P. S., BATEMAN, A. W., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05450-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Induction of labour at 41 weeks of gestation versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks of gestation: A cost‐effectiveness analysis

Alkmark, M., Wennerholm, U., Saltvedt, S., Bergh, C., Carlsson, Y., Elden, H., Fadl, H., Jönsson, M., Ladfors, L., Sengpiel, V., et al. (2021) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16929 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Intensive blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage

Alrahbi, S., Alaraimi, R., Alzaabi, A., & Gosselin, S. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1017/cem.2017.35 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Large scale studies assessing anti‐factor VIII antibody development in previously untreated haemophilia A: what has been learned, what to believe and how to learn more

Iorio, A., Fischer, K., & Makris, M. (2017) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.14610 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Detailed statistical analysis plan for the SafeBoosC III trial: a multinational randomised clinical trial assessing treatment guided by cerebral oxygenation monitoring versus treatment as usual in extremely preterm infants

Hansen, M. L., Pellicer, A., Gluud, C. N., Dempsey, E. M., Mintzer, J. P., Hyttel-Sørensen, S., Heuchan, A. M., Hagmann, C. F., Dimitriou, G., Pichler, G., et al. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3756-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Overestimation of benefit when clinical trials stop early: a simulation study

Liu, S., & Garrison, S. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06689-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Intensive blood pressure control for patients aged over 60: A meta-analysis of the SPRINT, STEP, and ACCORD BP randomized controlled trials

Li, X.-T., Zhang, J., Xing, Z., Liu, Q., Zhou, S., & Xiao, Y. (2023) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.04.009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

The Use of Vascular Closure Devices for Brachial Artery Access: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Koziarz, A., Kennedy, S. A., El-Karim, G. A., Tan, K. T., Oreopoulos, G. D., Jaberi, A., Rajan, D. K., & Mafeld, S. C. (2022) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.022 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Efficacy of tocilizumab in COVID-19: A review of the current evidence

Alam, W., & Bizri, A. R. (2021) · Science Progress · doi:10.1177/00368504211030372 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

The Year Embolectomy Won: a Review of Five Trials Assessing the Efficacy of Mechanical Intervention in Acute Stroke

Beadell, N. C., Bazan, T., & Lutsep, H. L. (2015) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-015-0657-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Estimating effect size with respect to variance in baseline to treatment phases of single-case experimental designs: A Bayesian simulation study

Barnard-Brak, L. M., Watkins, L., & Richman, D. M. (2020) · Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention · doi:10.1080/17489539.2020.1738625 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Surgery versus radiosurgery for people with single or solitary brain metastases

Fuentes, R., Osorio, D., Hernández, J. E., Simancas‐Racines, D., & Bonfill, X. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012086 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

How to Distinguish between Statistically Significant Results and Clinically Relevant Results

Bennett, D. (2016) · Monographs in clinical neuroscience/Frontiers of neurology and neuroscience/Monographs in neural sciences · doi:10.1159/000445411 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Anticoagulation reversal (vitamin K, prothrombin complex concentrates, idarucizumab, andexanet‐α, protamine)

Bekka, E., & Liakoni, E. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.16142 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

I. Stopping trials early

Myles, P. S. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet079 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Critical Reading and Critical Thinking—Study Design and Methodology

Lipman, T. O. (2013) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533612474041 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The new US and European guidelines in hypertension: A multi-dimensional analysis

Fernandes, M., & Rikkert, M. G. M. O. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.04.008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Monitorización de la presión esofágica durante la ventilación mecánica en pacientes críticos adultos: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Garegnani, L., Rodríguez, P. R., Franco, J. V. A., & Liquitay, C. M. E. (2020) · Medicina Intensiva · doi:10.1016/j.medin.2020.01.015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Thrombolysis up to 9 Hours after Onset of Stroke

Ma, H., Campbell, B. C. V., & Churilov, L. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1907524 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Corticosteroids for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a story without an ending

Rochwerg, B. N. (2022) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-022-06699-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Clinical trials with sequential analysis that were early-stopped: How to interpret them?

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Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Yescarta)

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Transplant-Free Survival Rates After Covered Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

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Statistical, Philosophical, and Ethical Issues in Data Monitoring

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For peer review only Third wave Cognitive Therapy versus Mentalization -based Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder. A Randomised Clinical Pilot Trial

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Exchange Transfusion in Severe Neonatal Sepsis: Is it Beneficial?

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention: one good turn does not always deserve another

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Effects of simulated sample sizes on the mortality effect estimates in three randomized intensive care unit trials

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Early stopping of randomized clinical trials for overt efficacy is problematic.

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