When and how to update systematic reviews: consensus and checklist
Open accessAbstract
Updating of systematic reviews is generally more efficient than starting all over again when new evidence emerges, but to date there has been no clear guidance on how to do this. This guidance helps authors of systematic reviews, commissioners, and editors decide when to update a systematic review, and then how to go about updating the review.
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According to Cochrane's recommendations, if a systematic review on this topic exceeds a certain number of years based on its academic value and practical value, it is necessary to update it.
“In addition, according to Cochrane’s recommendations, if a systematic review on this topic exceeds a certain number of years based on its academic value and practical value, it is also necessary to update it [30, 31].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis on psychological outcomes and quality of life (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The ‘Which systematic reviews should be updated and when?’ section (Box 2; page unavailable) says Cochrane prioritises updates using factors such as strategic importance, practicalities and likely impact. But the Abstract (page unavailable) says Cochrane moved away from updating every two years toward updating based on need and priority. The paper does not recommend that a review must be updated once it passes a set number of years. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“In accordance with best practices on updating systematic review searches, 66”
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“Researchers are advised to take a living approach when the topic is a priority for decision-making, new evidence is emerging and changing quickly, and certainty in the existing evidence is low [1, 2].”
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- Authors
- Garner, P., Hopewell, S., Chandler, J., MacLehose, H., Schünemann, H. J., Akl, E. A., Beyene, J., Chang, S., Churchill, R., Dearness, K., Guyatt, G., Lefebvre, C., Liles, B., Marshall, R., Martínez García, L., Mavergames, C., Nasser, M., Qaseem, A., Sampson, M., Soares-Weiser, K., Takwoingi, Y., Thabane, L., Trivella, M., Tugwell, P., Welsh, E., Wilson, E. C., & (PUGs), P. F. U. G. F. S. R.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Cochrane (GB)
- Cochrane Canada (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US)
- University of York (GB)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry (GB)
- American College of Physicians (US)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Garner, Paul
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-07-20
- Volume
- 354
- Pages
- i3507
- ISSN
- 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4955793
- OpenAlex
- W2489347314
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 11.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2016-09-06)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Australian Government
- Cancer Research UK (16895)
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- systematic review updating, new evidence, consensus recommendations, checklists, evidence synthesis
- MeSH terms
- Canada, Publishing, Review Literature as Topic, Guidelines as Topic, Advisory Committees, Checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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