Cited by 637Cardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsStatistical Methods in EpidemiologySurvey Methodology and Nonresponse

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Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis

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Batty, G David, Gale, Catharine R, Kivimäki, Mika, Deary, Ian J, Bell, Steven·2020·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.m131PMC PMC7190071

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare established associations between risk factors and mortality in UK Biobank, a study with an exceptionally low rate of response to its baseline survey, against those from representative studies that have conventional response rates. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study alongside individual participant meta-analysis of other cohort studies. SETTING: United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: Analytical sample of 499 701 people (response rate 5.5%) in analyses in UK Biobank; pooled data from the Health Surveys for England (HSE) and the Scottish Health Surveys (SHS), including 18 studies and 89 895 people (mean response rate 68%). Both study populations were linked to the same nationwide mortality registries, and the baseline age range was aligned at 40-69 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Death from cardiovascular disease, selected malignancies, and suicide. To quantify the difference between hazard ratios in the two studies, a ratio of the hazard ratios was used with HSE-SHS as the referent. RESULTS: Risk factor levels and mortality rates were typically more favourable in UK Biobank participants relative to the HSE-SHS consortium. For the associations between risk factors and mortality endpoints, however, close agreement was seen between studies. Based on 14 288 deaths during an average of 7.0 years of follow-up in UK Biobank and 7861 deaths over 10 years of mortality surveillance in HSE-SHS, for cardiovascular disease mortality, for instance, the age and sex adjusted hazard ratio for ever having smoked cigarettes (versus never) was 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.87 to 2.24) in UK Biobank and 1.99 (1.78 to 2.23) in HSE-SHS, yielding a ratio of hazard ratios close to unity (1.02, 0.88 to 1.19). The overall pattern of agreement between studies was essentially unchanged when results were compared separately by sex and when baseline years and censoring dates were aligned. CONCLUSION: Despite a very low response rate, risk factor associations in the UK Biobank seem to be generalisable.

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Authors: Batty, G. D., Gale, C. R., Kivimäki, M., Deary, I. J., & Bell, S.
Affiliations: Oregon State University (US)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Batty, G David
ORCID: Batty, G David
Deary, Ian J
Bell, Steven
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2020-02-12
Volume: 368
Pages: m131
ISSN: 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m131
PMC: PMC7190071
OpenAlex: W3006266257
Cited by: 635
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 47
FWCI: 56.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Apollo (cc-by)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR BTRU‐2014‐10024, 311492, BTRU-2014–10024, R024227)
British Heart Foundation (R024227, RG/13/13/30194, 311492)
University of Cambridge
Academy of Finland (311492, R024227)
Cambridge University Hospitals
NordForsk (R024227, 311492)
National Institutes of Health (R024227)
Medical Research Council (RG/13/13/30194, MR/R024227, MR/P023444/1, MR/S011676/1, 1R56AG052519-01, R024227, MR/L003120/1, MR/K026992/1, MC_PC_17228, 311492, MC_PC_12028, MR/L003120, MRC_MC_UU_12011/2)
NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
National Institute on Aging (R56AG052519, R01AG056477, R01AG052519)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Keywords: UK Biobank, generalizability, risk factor association, mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, suicide, smoking, Scottish Health Survey
MeSH terms: Cause of Death, United Kingdom, Health Surveys, Humans, Prospective Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Biological Specimen Banks

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Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis

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