Effectiveness of a mental health stepped-care programme for healthcare workers with psychological distress in crisis settings: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: Evidence-based mental health interventions to support healthcare workers (HCWs) in crisis settings are scarce. Objective: To evaluate the capacity of a mental health intervention in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in HCWs, relative to enhanced care as usual (eCAU), amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted an analyst-blind, parallel, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. We recruited HCWs with psychological distress from Madrid and Catalonia (Spain). The intervention arm received a stepped-care programme consisting of two WHO-developed interventions adapted for HCWs: Doing What Matters in Times of Stress (DWM) and Problem Management Plus (PM+). Each intervention lasted 5 weeks and was delivered remotely by non-specialist mental health providers. HCWs reporting psychological distress after DWM completion were invited to continue to PM+. The primary endpoint was self-reported anxiety/depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety and Depression Scale) at week 21. Findings: Between 3 November 2021 and 31 March 2022, 115 participants were randomised to stepped care and 117 to eCAU (86% women, mean age 37.5). The intervention showed a greater decrease in anxiety/depression symptoms compared with eCAU at the primary endpoint (baseline-adjusted difference 4.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 6.7; standardised effect size 0.8, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.2). No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Brief stepped-care psychological interventions reduce anxiety and depression during a period of stress among HCWs. Clinical implications: Our results can inform policies and actions to protect the mental health of HCWs during major health crises and are potentially rapidly replicable in other settings where workers are affected by global emergencies. Trial registration number: NCT04980326 .
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The stepped-care programme has been found effective among healthcare workers experiencing psychological distress in the initial pandemic hotspots.
“This stepped-care programme has also been found to be effective among healthcare workers experiencing psychological distress in the initial pandemic hotspots [33].”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Mediavilla, R., Felez-Nobrega, M., McGreevy, K. R., Monistrol-Mula, A., Bravo-Ortiz, M.-F., Bayón, C., Giné-Vázquez, I., Villaescusa, R., Muñoz-Sanjosé, A., Aguilar-Ortiz, S., Figueiredo, N., Nicaise, P., Park, A.-L., Petri-Romão, P., Purgato, M., Witteveen, A. B., Underhill, J., Barbui, C., Bryant, R., Kalisch, R., Lorant, V., McDaid, D., Melchior, M., Sijbrandij, M., Haro, J. M., & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (ES)
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario La Paz (ES)
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario La Paz - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Inserm (FR)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- University of Verona (IT)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- ORCID
- Mediavilla, Roberto
- McGreevy, Kerry R
- Monistrol-Mula, Anna
- Bayón, Carmen
- Giné-Vázquez, Iago
- Aguilar-Ortiz, Salvatore
- Figueiredo, Natasha
- Nicaise, Pablo
- Park, A-La
- Purgato, Marianna
- Witteveen, Anke B
- Underhill, James
- Barbui, Corrado
- Bryant, Richard
- Lorant, Vincent
- McDaid, David
- Melchior, Maria
- Sijbrandij, Marit
- Haro, Josep Maria
- Ayuso-Mateos, Jose Luis
- Venue
- BMJ Mental Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2023-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e300697
- ISSN
- 2755-9734 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10254812
- OpenAlex
- W4378980837
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 13.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- H2020 Societal Challenges (101016127)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CB/07/09/0013)
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación (FJC2021-047610-I)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CD20/00036, CD22/00061)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- mental health of healthcare workers, psychological distress, stepped-care intervention, anxiety, depression, COVID-19 pandemic, crisis situations, Problem Management Plus, occupational stress
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Distress, COVID-19, Adult, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pandemics
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