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Developing assistive robots for people with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: a qualitative study with older adults and experts in aged care
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: This research is part of an international project to design and test a home-based healthcare robot to help older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early dementia. The aim was to investigate the perceived usefulness of different daily-care activities for the robot, developed from previous research on needs. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive analysis using semistructured interviews. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, participants watched videos of a prototype robot performing daily-care activities; in the second study, participants interacted with the robot itself. SETTING: Interviews were conducted at a university and a retirement village. PARTICIPANTS: In study 1, participants were nine experts in aged care and nine older adults living in an aged care facility. In study 2, participants were 10 experts in aged care. RESULTS: The themes that emerged included aspects of the robot's interactions, potential benefits, the appearance, actions and humanness of the robot, ways to improve its functionality and technical issues. Overall, the activities were perceived as useful, especially the reminders and safety checks, with possible benefits of companionship, reassurance and reduced caregiver burden. Suggestions included personalising the robot to each individual, simplifying the language and adding more activities. Technical issues still need to be fixed. CONCLUSION: This study adds to knowledge about healthcare robots for people with MCI by developing and testing a new robot with daily-care activities including safety checks. The robot was seen to be potentially useful but needs to be tested with people with MCI.
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“Four main themes were evident from the analysis: interactions, benefits, the robot, and improved functionality [40].”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“Five main themes were evident from the analysis: interactions, benefits, the robot, improved functionality, and technical difficulties [40].”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“This differs from previously developed technologies for older adults, which rely on developers and engineers imagining the health needs of older adults [20,57] and often begins by creating a product and then searching for a problem for it to solve [40].”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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“The feedback from users indicated that robots hold promise for use by older adults, especially in providing reminders for medication, health and wellbeing, and delivering cognitively stimulating games [37,39,40,43].”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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(2022) · Cambridge Prisms Precision Medicine · doi:10.1017/pcm.2022.10.pr2
Decision: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dementia Research — R0/PR5
(2022) · Cambridge Prisms Precision Medicine · doi:10.1017/pcm.2022.10.pr5
Recommendation: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dementia Research — R1/PR7
(2022) · Cambridge Prisms Precision Medicine · doi:10.1017/pcm.2022.10.pr7
Author comment: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dementia Research — R1/PR6
Tsoi, K. K. F. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Precision Medicine · doi:10.1017/pcm.2022.10.pr6
Recommendation: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dementia Research — R0/PR4
(2022) · Cambridge Prisms Precision Medicine · doi:10.1017/pcm.2022.10.pr4
Author comment: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dementia Research — R0/PR1
Tsoi, K. K. F. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Precision Medicine · doi:10.1017/pcm.2022.10.pr1
Inovações tecnológicas na assistência de enfermagem ao idoso
da Silva, E. D., Silva, J. P. P., dos Santos, A. F., & Silva, L. M. (2023) · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde · doi:10.25248/reas.e12984.2023
Learning from the Experts: Learning-Based Approach for Robot Personalisation
Andriella, A., Carme Torras, A., & Alenyà, G. (2025) · Springer tracts in advanced robotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71732-1_6
User-Centered Approaches for Designing Robots: Methods and Measures for Engaging End Users
Olatunji, S., Oron-Gilad, T., Mahajan, H., Lyons, J. B., Jesso, S. T., & Li, X. (2025) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/10711813251367730
Enhancing Aged Care through Human-Robot Collaboration: A Case Study of Chore Robots
Chira, V. A. M., Caldwell, G. A., & Miller, E. (2024) · Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3726986.3727905 · Cited by 1
Amaro, I., Rossi, D., Greca, A. D., Marco, F. D., Citarella, A. A., Biasi, L. D., Tucci, C., & Tortora, G. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2382-5_1
Guveren, Z., & Maraş, G. B. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1126.c4598
Metadata
- Authors
- Law, M., Sutherland, C., Ahn, H. S., MacDonald, B. A., Peri, K., Johanson, D. L., Vajsakovic, D.-S., Kerse, N., & Broadbent, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Broadbent, Elizabeth
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e031937
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6773341
- OpenAlex
- W2976062348
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 16.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea) under Industrial Technology Innovation Program (No.10063300)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- assistive robots, healthcare robots, mild cognitive impairment, early-stage dementia, older adults, home care, perceived usefulness, robot appearance, reminders, safety inspection, caregiver burden, elderly care
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Dementia, Expert Testimony, Female, Geriatrics, Humans, Male, Robotics, Self-Help Devices, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, Reminder Systems, Caregivers, Needs Assessment, Qualitative Research, Cognitive Dysfunction
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