Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on the Domains of Nursing: Scoping Review
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Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to transform the health system, yet little research to date has explored its influence on nurses—the largest group of health professionals. Furthermore, there has been little discussion on how AI will influence the experience of person-centered compassionate care for patients, families, and caregivers. Objective: This review aims to summarize the extant literature on the emerging trends in health technologies powered by AI and their implications on the following domains of nursing: administration, clinical practice, policy, and research. This review summarizes the findings from 3 research questions, examining how these emerging trends might influence the roles and functions of nurses and compassionate nursing care over the next 10 years and beyond. Methods: Using an established scoping review methodology, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central, Education Resources Information Center, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched. In addition to the electronic database searches, a targeted website search was performed to access relevant gray literature. Abstracts and full-text studies were independently screened by 2 reviewers using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles focused on nursing and digital health technologies that incorporate AI. Data were charted using structured forms and narratively summarized. Results: A total of 131 articles were retrieved from the scoping review for the 3 research questions that were the focus of this manuscript (118 from database sources and 13 from targeted websites). Emerging AI technologies discussed in the review included predictive analytics, smart homes, virtual health care assistants, and robots. The results indicated that AI has already begun to influence nursing roles, workflows, and the nurse-patient relationship. In general, robots are not viewed as replacements for nurses. There is a consensus that health technologies powered by AI may have the potential to enhance nursing practice. Consequently, nurses must proactively define how person-centered compassionate care will be preserved in the age of AI. Conclusions: Nurses have a shared responsibility to influence decisions related to the integration of AI into the health system and to ensure that this change is introduced in a way that is ethical and aligns with core nursing values such as compassionate care. Furthermore, nurses must advocate for patient and nursing involvement in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of these technologies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/17490
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Automating administrative tasks enhances patient safety.
“Automating administrative tasks such as documentation, scheduling, and resource allocation not only reduces nurse workload but also enhances workflow efficiency and patient safety [45,57].”
From The Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
The Results (Administration; page not provided) describe AI tools that may reduce documentation burden and assist with scheduling. The Discussion (Nursing Administration; page not provided) says these applications could potentially streamline workflows and improve the efficiency and accuracy of patient care. It does not establish that automating administrative tasks enhances patient safety, and the citing sentence states the benefits more definitively than the review does. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis gap risks fostering overreliance on AI systems, potentially eroding essential interpersonal skills and undermining core nursing values such as empathy and patient-centered care.
“This gap risks fostering overreliance on AI systems, potentially eroding essential interpersonal skills and undermining core nursing values such as empathy and patient-centered care [45,57].”
From The Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
The Discussion’s Nursing Practice section warns that AI technologies could leave nurses spending less time with patients and says they should augment, not replace, care. The Results also report concerns about nurses’ ability to engage in caring interactions. The paper does not link a gap to overreliance on AI or say that nurses’ interpersonal skills would erode. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAutomating administrative tasks such as documentation, scheduling, and resource allocation reduces nurse workload.
“Automating administrative tasks such as documentation, scheduling, and resource allocation not only reduces nurse workload but also enhances workflow efficiency and patient safety [45,57].”
From The Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
The Results (Administration; page unavailable) say AI tools may schedule nursing tasks, assign patients to rooms, and reduce documentation burden; they also report that improvements to documentation can leave more time for patient care. The Discussion (Nursing Administration; page unavailable) describes streamlined workflows as a potential benefit. The paper does not establish that automating all three listed tasks, including resource allocation, reduces nurse workload as a demonstrated outcome. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAutomating administrative tasks enhances workflow efficiency.
“Automating administrative tasks such as documentation, scheduling, and resource allocation not only reduces nurse workload but also enhances workflow efficiency and patient safety [45,57].”
From The Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
The Discussion’s Nursing Administration section says AI tools for scheduling, documentation, and triage could potentially streamline workflows and improve efficiency. It presents this as a possibility, not an established effect, whereas the claim says automation enhances efficiency. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese tools exemplify how AI can augment nursing practice, if implementation frameworks account for the unique challenges of diverse health care contexts.
“These tools exemplify how AI can augment nursing practice, if implementation frameworks account for the unique challenges of diverse health care contexts [57].”
From The Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
It is crucial to utilize AI in educational programs to enable nursing students to learn and practice safely and efficiently, especially in areas like mechanical ventilation.
“In the wake of advanced knowledge, skills, clinical judgment abilities, and rapidly-evolving clinical evidence, it is crucial to utilize AI in educational programs to enable nursing students to learn and practice safely and efficiently, especially in areas like mechanical ventilation [23].”
From Development and effects of a chatbot education program for self-directed learning in nursing students (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
The Introduction > Objectives says findings on nursing education were reserved for a separate, forthcoming paper. The passages on AI in clinical practice do not address using AI to help nursing students learn and practice safely and efficiently, particularly in mechanical ventilation (searched: nursing education, student training, ventilation). (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredConcerns include unawareness, mistrust, anxiety, worries about the patient relationship and job replacement.
“Concerns include unawareness, mistrust, anxiety, worries about the patient relationship and job replacement [5, 8, 10, 13, 25–27].”
From Nurses’ perceptions, experience and knowledge regarding artificial intelligence: results from a cross-sectional online survey in Germany (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Some nurse leaders express optimism about the ability of AI to enhance clinical decision-making and improve patient safety.
“Some nurse leaders express optimism about the ability of AI to enhance clinical decision-making and improve patient safety [6].”
From Leading with AI in critical care nursing: challenges, opportunities, and the human factor (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
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Petersson, L., Larsson, I., Nygren, J. M., Nilsen, P., Neher, M., Reed, J. E., Tyskbo, D., & Svedberg, P. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08215-8 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
“Their concerns are echoed in a review by Buchanan et al. [67], in which it was observed that the use of AI systems could serve to weaken the person-centred relationships between healthcare professionals and patients.”
BackgroundIqbal, M. J., Javed, Z., Sadia, H., Qureshi, I. A., Irshad, A., Ahmed, R., Malik, K. A., Raza, S., Abbas, A., Pezzani, R., et al. (2021) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-021-01981-1 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
“Furthermore, consent of applications obtained outside the medical environment rises thorny concerns [68].”
BackgroundArtificial Intelligence -based technologies in nursing: A scoping literature review of the evidence
von Gerich, H., Moen, H., Block, L. J., Chu, C. H., DeForest, H., Hobensack, M., Michalowski, M., Mitchell, J., Nibber, R., Olalia, M. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104153 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
How the nursing profession should adapt for a digital future
Booth, R. G., Strudwick, G., McBride, S. G., O’Connor, S., & López, A. L. S. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n1190 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
“Advancement of leadership competencies in existing informatics technologies, such as clinical decision support systems, electronic health records, and mobile technologies, is also essential: these kinds of systems will undoubtedly come with increasing levels of AI functionality.”
BackgroundSelf-citationArtificial intelligence in nursing and midwifery: A systematic review
O'Connor, S., Yan, Y., Thilo, F. J. S., Felzmann, H., Dowding, D., & Lee, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16478 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on Nursing Education: Scoping Review
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“The results of the remaining three research questions have been published separately [33].”
BackgroundSelf-citationApplication Scenarios for Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Care: Rapid Review
Seibert, K., Domhoff, D., Bruch, D., Schulte-Althoff, M., Fürstenau, D., Biessmann, F., & Wolf-Ostermann, K. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26522 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review
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Advancing nursing practice with artificial intelligence: Enhancing preparedness for the future
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“AI can help nurses diagnose and treat patients more effectively with higher precision by analysing extensive amount of evidence and seeing similarities (Buchanan et al., 2020a, 2020b).”
BackgroundThe Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review
El Arab, R. A., Al Moosa, O. A., Abuadas, F. H., & Somerville, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/69881 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“Automating administrative tasks such as documentation, scheduling, and resource allocation not only reduces nurse workload but also enhances workflow efficiency and patient safety [45,57].”
Labrague, L. J., Aguilar-Rosales, R., Yboa, B. C., & Sabio, J. B. (2023) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105945 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The integration of AI in nursing: addressing current applications, challenges, and future directions
Wei, Q., Pan, S., Liu, X., Hong, M., Nong, C., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1545420 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Cho, K. A., & Seo, Y. H. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01887-z · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“Nurses and nursing students’ perceptions, acceptance, and use of the novel technology are particularly important because of (a) the variety of systems, including AI-based technology in healthcare, used by nurses [2, 3] and (b) Nurses are key healthcare providers in the patient care [9, 10].”
BackgroundSommer, D., Schmidbauer, L., & Wahl, F. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01884-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Although various AI benefits, nurses can’t estimate how their roles will be affected [13].”
BackgroundInfluentialArtificial intelligence in nursing: Current trends, possibilities and pitfalls
Ahmed, S. K. (2024) · Journal of Medicine Surgery and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100072 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Compassionate nursing care and the use of digital health technologies: A scoping review
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Subaşı, D. Ö., Sümengen, A. A., Semerci, R., Şimşek, E., Çakır, G. N., & Temizsoy, E. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16335 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Applications of artificial intelligence for nursing: has a new era arrived?
Bulck, L. V., Couturier, R., & Moons, P. (2022) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvac097 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Leading with AI in critical care nursing: challenges, opportunities, and the human factor
Hassan, E. A., & El-Ashry, A. M. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02363-4 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Some nurse leaders express optimism about the ability of AI to enhance clinical decision-making and improve patient safety [6].”
BackgroundEnhancing head and neck tumor management with artificial intelligence: Integration and perspectives
Zhong, N., Wang, H., Huang, X., Li, Z., Cao, L., Huo, F., Liu, B., & Bu, L. (2023) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.07.002 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Moreira, P., Liu, W., Monachino, M. S., Nguyen, T. L. H., & Wang, A. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13851 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“These findings had already been exposed in other previous recent studies (Buchanan et al., 2020; Kikuchi, 2020; Wahl et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultAmin, S. M., El‐Gazar, H. E., Zoromba, M. A., El‐Sayed, M. M., & Atta, M. H. R. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16435 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Nursing students' attitudes and literacy toward artificial intelligence: a cross-sectional study
Sümengen, A. A., Subaşı, D. Ö., & Çakır, G. N. (2024) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2024.10.022 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Rony, M. K. K., Numan, S. M., Johra, F. T., Akter, K., Akter, F., Debnath, M., Mondal, S., Wahiduzzaman, M., Das, M., Ullah, M., et al. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70006 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“14 AI ‐ integrated EHRs support medical data analysis and predictive analytics, 15 while telemedicine platforms use AI tools like chatbots and virtual health assistants to streamline patient communication and aid in diagnosing common conditions.”
BackgroundKaymak, Z. D., Turan, Z., Bıdık, N. Ü., & Ünkazan, S. (2024) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103994 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence tools utilized in nursing education: incidence and associated factors
Jallad, S. T., Alsaqer, K., Albadareen, B. I., & Al-maghaireh, D. (2024) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106355 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Atalla, A. D. G., El-Gawad Mousa, M. A., Hashish, E. A. A., Elseesy, N. A. M., Abd El kader Mohamed, A. I., & Sobhi Mohamed, S. M. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03306-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Care: An Umbrella Review
Rony, M. K. K., Das, A. K., Khalil, M. I., Peu, U. R., Mondal, B., Alam, M. S., Shaleah, A. Z. M., Parvin, M. R., Alrazeeni, D. M., & Akter, F. (2025) · Nursing Inquiry · doi:10.1111/nin.70023 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Examining the Role of AI in Changing the Role of Nurses in Patient Care: Systematic Review
Khatib, I. A., & Ndiaye, M. (2024) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/63335 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“The integration of AI technologies into health care has significantly transformed the roles of nurses, shifting their focus from routine tasks to more advanced and patient-centered care [6].”
Raymond, L., Castonguay, A., Doyon, O., & Paré, G. (2022) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151604 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Laukka, E., Hammarén, M., & Kanste, O. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13769 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Guo, C., & Li, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.948303 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Moreover, nurses’ involvement in AI research and co-design is also constrained by the lack of a common vocabulary and understanding between the experts in nursing and technological domains (136).”
BackgroundThe role of artificial intelligence in enhancing nurses' work-life balance
Rony, M. K. K., Alrazeeni, D. M., Akter, F., Nesa, L., Das, D. C., Uddin, M. J., Begum, J., Khatun, M. T., Noor, M. A., Ahmad, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medicine Surgery and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100135 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Deep Learning-Based Pain Classifier Based on the Facial Expression in Critically Ill Patients
Wu, C., Liu, S.-F., Yu, T., Shih, S., Chang, C.-H., Mao, S.-F. Y., Li, Y.-S., Chen, H.-J., Chen, C., & Chao, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.851690 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Design and implementation of AI chatbot for COLREGs training
Sharma, A. K., Undheim, P. E., & Nazir, S. (2022) · WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs · doi:10.1007/s13437-022-00284-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“AI is now being used in finance, healthcare, services, and governance, to provide a few examples of its usage (Buchanan et al. 2020; Ferreira et al. 2021; Sharma et al. 2020; Kouziokas 2017).”
MethodValues Clarification Exercises to Prepare Nursing Students for Artificial Intelligence Integration
De Gagne, J. C. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20146409 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“In nursing education, AI has opened new possibilities, with virtual avatar apps and chatbots simulating interactive clinical scenarios to bolster students’ understanding of nursing concepts [3].”
BackgroundSeibert, K., Domhoff, D., Fürstenau, D., Biessmann, F., Schulte-Althoff, M., & Wolf-Ostermann, K. (2023) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-023-00015-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The potential for AI applications in nursing care, which might use prominent types of AI approaches such as machine learning (ML) or expert or hybrid systems, has been shown and discussed previously [4, 6–9].”
BackgroundUse and Application of Large Language Models for Patient Questions Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Bains, S. S., Dubin, J. A., Hameed, D., Sax, O. C., Douglas, S., Mont, M. A., Nace, J., & Delanois, R. E. (2024) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.017 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lukkien, D., Stolwijk, N. E., Askari, S. I., Hofstede, B. M., Nap, H. H., Boon, W., Peine, A., Moors, E. H. M., & Minkman, M. M. N. (2024) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/55962 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“This is particularly relevant because nurses and other caregivers do not always have a say in the design of AI tools, while they play a pivotal role in their implementation and use [5,8,57,61].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLabrague, L. J., & Alharrasi, M. (2025) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2025.02.032 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Johnson, E. A., Dudding, K. M., & Carrington, J. M. (2023) · Nursing Inquiry · doi:10.1111/nin.12583 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Generative artificial intelligence in nursing: A scoping review
Park, G. E., Kim, H., & Go, U. R. (2024) · Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2024.10.004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Nurses perceptions and use of artificial intelligence in healthcare
Areshtanab, H. N., Rahmani, F., Vahidi, M., Saadati, S. Z., & Pourmahmood, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11002-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Han, J.-W., Park, J., & Lee, H. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-07316-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“In the wake of advanced knowledge, skills, clinical judgment abilities, and rapidly-evolving clinical evidence, it is crucial to utilize AI in educational programs to enable nursing students to learn and practice safely and efficiently, especially in areas like mechanical ventilation [23].”
Li, X., Zong, Q., & Cheng, M. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2024/8885760 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Te barrier to nurses’ involvement in AI research and collaborative design is a communication gap between nurses and technologists [29].”
Ünal, A. S., & Avcı, A. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2024.09.012 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Yao, X., Wen, S., Song, Z., Wang, J., Shen, Y., & Xiaoqiong, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1324147 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
He, X., Xi, Z., & Ding, H. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/50342 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The majority of existing reviews either concentrate on health care AI systems for expert users, such as health care providers [18,19], or do not clearly differentiate the user categories for AI apps in health care [20,21].”
Artificial Intelligence Anxiety of Nurses and Related Factors
Çobanoğlu, A., & Oğuzhan, H. (2023) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1274522 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
AI Quality Standards in Health Care: Rapid Umbrella Review
Kuziemsky, C. E., Chrimes, D., Minshall, S. R., Mannerow, M., & Lau, F. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/54705 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
AL-Olimat, K. A., Salameh, B. S., Alqadi, R. A., Alruwaili, A. N., Hakami, M. S., ALanazi, H. H., Maharem, T. A. S., & Reshia, F. A. A. (2025) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/71653 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Additionally, perceived usefulness and ease of use of technological interventions, such as AI, have been consistently identified as strong predictors of willingness to adopt these technologies in nursing practice [14,17,20].”
Gosak, L., Martinović, K., Lorber, M., & Stiglic, G. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13894 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Madi, M., Nielsen, S., Schweitzer, M., Siebert, M., Körner, D., Langensiepen, S., Stephan, A., & Meyer, G. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01849-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Colomer‐Lahiguera, S., Gentizon, J., Christofis, M., Darnac, C., Serena, A., & Eicher, M. (2024) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151629 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chen, C., & Lee, W. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16495 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Utilisation of robots in nursing practice: an umbrella review
Adeyemo, A., Coffey, A., & Kingston, L. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-02842-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Multiple articles have predicted that by using robots to assist with care activities, nurses may have more time to learn about their patients’ preferences, respond to their needs and build stronger therapeutic relationships [41] (p.4) (2c2).”
InfluentialArtificial intelligence (AI) in nursing administration: Challenges and opportunities
Qaladi, O., Alshammari, M., & Almalki, A. A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319588 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“, the correlation results of this study confirm previous findings regarding the complex relationship between socio-demographic variables and perceptions of AI [7,8,23].”
InfluentialNesa, L., Rony, M. K. K., Chowdhury, S., Naznin, M. B., Halder, K., Ara, M. H., Akter, N. N., Mankhin, K., Shabnur, J. M., Alam, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.70170 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Erkayıran, O., & Aslan, R. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.70256 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Contributions of Artificial Intelligence to Decision Making in Nursing: A Scoping Review Protocol
Fernandes, F., Santos, P., de Sá, L. O., & Neves, J. (2023) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep13010007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“This process is highly complex as it simultaneously requires knowledge, experience, critical thinking and intuition and, concomitantly, creativity, empathy and compassion in addition to other aspects, such as the emotional and relational nature [1,7,8].”
BackgroundSchnelli, A., Steiner, L. M., Bonetti, L., Levati, S., & Desmedt, M. (2023) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100171 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Furthermore, emerging trends in healthcare powered by innovation, technological development, and artificial intelligence require alignment with core nursing values and, therefore, rely on adequately trained nurses (Buchanan et al., 2020).”
Backgroundvan Noort, H. H. J., Becking-Verhaar, F. L., Ooijen, W. B., Pel, M., van Goor, H., & Waal, G. H. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020439 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The use of algorithms may be a solution to support nurses in the interpretation of data [37,38].”
Dai, Q., Li, M., Shi, S., Yang, M., Wang, Z., Liao, J., Li, Z., Liu, J., Deng, J. J., & Tao, L. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03748-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Positive or negative psychological outcomes may arise from gaining support or facing neglect, respectively, and the dissemination of successful AI adoption cases through media can positively influence nurses’ perceptions of AI technology [61].”
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Erci̇yas, Ş. K., Ekrem, E. C., & Edis, E. K. (2024) · CIN Computers Informatics Nursing · doi:10.1097/cin.0000000000001170 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Karnehed, S., Larsson, I., Petersson, L., Erlandsson, L., & Tyskbo, D. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03348-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Insights from previous research [83–85] similarly highlight the challenges of standardizing care practices through AI, emphasizing that technologies must be designed with flexibility to accommodate the variability of nursing, especially in home healthcare.”
Revell, G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46238-2_9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Groeneveld, S., Noon, G. B., den Ouden, M. E. M., van Os‐Medendorp, H., van Gemert‐Pijnen, J. E. W. C., Verdaasdonk, R. M., & Morita, P. P. (2024) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/56474 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“In particular, the prospect of increasing our reliance on automation raises concerns about loss of compassion and humanity in interactions with the subjects of data [10-12].”
BackgroundAlqaraleh, M., Almagharbeh, W. T., & Ahmad, M. W. (2025) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104438 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Katebi, M. S., Bahreini, M., Bagherzadeh, R., & Pouladi, S. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/jonm/2797535 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Despite these promising developments, research on the long-term consequences of AI integration in nursing management remains limited [17].”
Elbassal, N. A. M. M., El‐Sayed, A. A. I., & Elgamal, H. G. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03896-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“These uses demonstrate that AI has moved beyond theoretical potential into practical application in daily nursing tasks, shaping how nurses deliver, monitor, and evaluate care [7].”
Schlicht, L., & Räker, M. (2023) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-023-00324-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“With a multidisciplinary group of researchers and a registered nurse, we developed three scenarios, depicting different care tasks associated with moral decision-making as potential fields of application for AI technology [5–7].”
BackgroundMethodEthical and Institutional Readiness for Artificial Intelligence in Nursing: An Umbrella Review
Almagharbeh, W. T., Alharrasi, M., Rony, M. K. K., Kabir, S., Ahmed, S. K., & Alrazeeni, D. M. (2025) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.70111 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Can nurses in clinical practice ascribe responsibility to intelligent robots?
Tabudlo, J. B., Kuan, L., & Garma, P. F. U. (2022) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330221090591 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“13 There are also many healthcare robots, such as social companion robots, socially assistive robots (SARs), assistive robots, tele-robots, and telepresence robots.”
BackgroundPreserving Professional Human Caring in Nursing in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Wei, H., & Watson, J. (2025) · Advances in Nursing Science · doi:10.1097/ans.0000000000000573 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Jun, J., Siegrist, K., & Weinshenker, D. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13619 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Amid these changes, contemporary nurses work in isolation more often than their predecessors did (Thimbleby, 2013) due to electronic documentation and decentralized nursing stations (Buchanan et al., 2020).”
BackgroundNursing in a posthuman era: Towards a technology-integrated ecosystem of care
Zhao, J. (2023) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.06.005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“All these advancements have started to influence nursing roles, workflows, and nurse-patient relationships [4].”
BackgroundEnhancing Nurse–Robot Engagement: Two-Wave Survey Study
Liao, G., Huang, T., Wong, M., Shyu, Y. L., Ho, L., Wang, C., Cheng, T. C. E., & Teng, C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/37731 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Robots can also serve as a distraction tool for pain management and facilitate conversation and rapport [7], indicating that robots have the potential to enhance nursing practice.”
BackgroundInterpretations of Innovation: The Role of Technology in Explanation Seeking Related to Psychosis
Higgins, O., Short, B., Chalup, S. K., & Wilson, R. L. (2023) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1155/2023/4464934 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationKaya, G., Büyükyılmaz, F., Çulha, Y., & Akyürek, P. (2025) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106721 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence-assisted chatbot: impact on breastfeeding outcomes and maternal anxiety
Yıldız, G. K., Türk, R., & Çoktay, Z. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07753-3 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“While these technologies do not replace the role of the nurse, they can enhance care delivery by improving accessibility, reducing workload, and promoting continuity of care [30].”
Alrashedi, H., Alderaan, S. M., Alnomasy, N., Lamine, H., Saleh, K. A., & Alkubati, S. A. (2026) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/85649 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“This difference in perspective raises concerns about dehumanization and ethical implications [15-17].”
Groeneveld, S., van Os‐Medendorp, H., van Gemert‐Pijnen, J. E. W. C., Verdaasdonk, R. M., van Houwelingen, T., Dekkers, T., & den Ouden, M. E. M. (2025) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106659 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Olawade, D. B., David-Olawade, A. C., Rotifa, O. B., & Wada, O. Z. (2025) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104511 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH EDUCATION
Belkıs, C. A. N., Başer, A., Altuntaş, S. B., Özceylan, G., & Kolcu, G. (2021) · SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17343/sdutfd.876439 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nirgiz, C., Sarı, M. K., & Çaylı, N. (2026) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-026-04293-9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Technology 3.0: Police Officers’ Perceptions Towards Technology Shifts
Aviram, N. F., Correa, C., & Oliviera, R. (2023) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/02750740231186791 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Twenty years later, SLB ’ s roles, including social workers (de Boer & Raaphorst, 2021; Mathiyazhagan, 2021; Ranerup & Henriksen, 2019) and nurses (Buchanan et al., 2020), are being transformed by technology.”
BackgroundQutishat, M., & Shakman, L. (2025) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.70077 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ye, C., Wang, Z., Wu, M., Kang, R., Yuan, F., & Chen, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1650804 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fournaise, A., Lauridsen, J. T., Nissen, S. K., Gudex, C. M., Bech, M., Mejldal, A., Wiil, U. K., Rasmussen, J. B., Kidholm, K., Matzen, L., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00023-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
ChatGPT: Fluch oder Segen in der Pflege?
Krüger, L., Krotsetis, S., Model, O. G. P. T. 3. (.-3., & Nydahl, P. (2023) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-023-01038-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mariano, M. E. M., Shahin, M. A. H., Ancheta, S. J., Vijayan, M., Dossary, N. M. A., Ojaimi, S. F. A., Qudah, S. A. A., & Harbi, H. F. A. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101384 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An Assessment of an Inpatient Robotic Nurse Assistant: A Mixed-Method Study
Lim, Y. W., Tan, S. W., Tan, C. Y. B., Lee, D. H. M., Siow, W. T., Heng, D. G. N., Mukhopadhyay, A., Lim, J. C., Sivadas, S., Teo, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-024-02117-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Information obtained during interactions could be conveyed to nurses to alert them to patients who require attention or learn more about their patients, improving the patient-provider relationship [35, 36].”
BackgroundThe future of artificial intelligence in nursing
Özsezer, G. (2022) · Journal of Human Sciences · doi:10.14687/jhs.v19i2.6217 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Walton‐Roberts, M. (2023) · Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies · doi:10.1080/15562948.2022.2153393 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The significance of AI for nurses and their responsibility in ethical and care centered health is increasingly being noted (Buchanan et al., 2020).”
BackgroundHealthcare AI: A Revised Quebec Framework for Nursing Education
Lattuca, M., Maratta, D., Beffert, U., Chevrier, A. S., & Winer, L. R. (2023) · Quality Advancement in Nursing Education - Avancées en formation infirmière · doi:10.17483/2368-6669.1408 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mapping the Landscape of Artificial Intelligence Research: A Bibliometric Approach
Mardiani, E., & Iswahyudi, M. S. (2023) · West Science Interdisciplinary Studies · doi:10.58812/wsis.v1i08.183 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Health Care Social Robots in the Age of Generative AI: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Lempe, P. N., Guinemer, C., Fürstenau, D., Dressler, C., Balzer, F., & Schaaf, T. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/63017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Khalil, C. A., Saab, A., Rahme, J., Jacques Bouaud, A., & Brigitte Séroussi, A. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03272-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence in nursing care: A reflection from the ethics of care
Paladino, M. S. (2025) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330251366619 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Buchanan, C., Howitt, M. L., Wilson, R., Booth, R. G., Risling, T., & Bamford, M.
- Affiliations
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (CA)
- Western University (CA)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Buchanan, Christine
- Venue
- JMIR Nursing
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2020-12-17
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e23939
- ISSN
- 2562-7600 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8373374
- OpenAlex
- W3095399468
- Semantic Scholar
- 2e76a655d647631772b4d2a38168fc539db9b087
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Nursing (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University Health Network
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario
- Associated Medical Services
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Nursing Roles and Practices
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, nursing role, nursing management, clinical practice, nursing policy, nursing research, predictive analytics, home automation, nursing robots, nurse-patient relationship, digital health technologies, ethical integration of AI
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