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Cited by 6Indigenous Health, Education, and RightsResilience and Mental HealthRacial and Ethnic Identity Research

Protective and resilience factors to promote mental health among Indigenous youth in Canada: a scoping review protocol

Open access
Carrier, Leah, Shin, Hwayeon Danielle, Rothfus, Melissa A, Curran, Janet A·2022·BMJ Open
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049285PMC PMC8765014
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Abstract

Introduction: Many mental health concerns emerge in adolescence and young adulthood, making this a critical period to initiate early interventions for mental health promotion and illness prevention. Although Indigenous young people in Canada are at a higher risk of mental health outcomes and faced with limited access to appropriate care and resources, they have unique strengths and resilience that promote mental health and wellness. Furthermore, resilience has been described as a ‘healing journey’ by Indigenous peoples, and interventions that account for the culture of these groups show promise in promoting mental health and wellness. As such, there is a need for innovative mental health interventions for Indigenous youth that transcend the Western biomedical model, use a strengths-based approach, and account for the cultural practices and belief systems of Indigenous peoples. This scoping review aims to explore the resilience and protective factors that promote mental health and wellness for Indigenous youth in present-day Canada with the aim of compiling and summarising the available literature on this topic to date. Methods and analysis: The review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for conducting scoping reviews. The reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and guidelines. We will include both published and unpublished grey literature and search the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Education Resources Information Center, Embase and Scopus. The search of all databases was conducted on 26 August 2021. Further, we will use government and relevant Indigenous organisation websites. Two reviewers will independently screen and select the articles and extract the data. Ethics and dissemination: No ethical approval is required for this study. We will share the results through conference presentations and an open-access publication in a peer-reviewed journal. A lay-language report will be created and disseminated to community organisations that work with Indigenous youth.

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  • Self-rated mental health remains widely endorsed for monitoring population mental health, and supplementary analyses aligning youth SRMH trends with self-reported mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses bolster its validity.

    “Nonetheless, SRMH remains widely endorsed for monitoring population mental health [9, 21] and supplementary analyses aligning youth SRMH trends with self-reported mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses bolster its validity (see Figure S1).”

    From Social inequalities in youth mental health in Canada, 2007–2022: a population-based repeated cross-sectional study (2025) · cites this paper as [21]

    The Introduction discusses Indigenous youth mental health, and the Inclusion criteria mention self-identified mental health concerns, but neither addresses self-rated mental health (SRMH) as a population-monitoring measure. Searches for “SRMH,” “self-rated mental health,” and population mental health surveillance found no endorsement of that measure in our copy. The supplementary analyses are presented in the citing sentence as the citing authors’ own work, not as a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [36]Kirmayer LJ MD, FRCPC SM, PhD WR. Metaphors and measures. J Aborig Health 2009; 5: 62– 117.
  2. [40]PhD TM, PhD SN. Resilience and Aboriginal communities in crisis: theory and interventions. J Aborig Health 2009; 5: 43– 61.
  3. [42]Isbister-Bear O, Hatala A, Sjoblom E. Strengthening Âhkamêyimo among Indigenous youth: The social determinants of health, justice, and resilience in Canada’s north. J Indig Well-Being 2017; 2: 76– 89.
  4. [50]Peters M, Godfrey C, McInerney P. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, eds. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute, 2017. https://reviewersmanual.joannabriggs.org/
  5. [53]Covidence systematic review software, 2019. Available: www.covidence.org
  6. [55]Bronfenbrenner U. Ecological models of human development. In: The International encyclopedia of education. 3. Oxford: Elsevier, 1994.

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Authors
Carrier, L., Shin, H. D., Rothfus, M. A., & Curran, J. A.
Affiliations
  • Dalhousie University (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Shin, Hwayeon Danielle
ORCID
Venue
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2022-01
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
e049285
ISSN
2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049285
PMC
PMC8765014
OpenAlex
W4205126415
Cited by
6
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Keywords
Indigenous youth, mental health promotion, resilience, protective factors, Indigenous mental health, strengths-based intervention, cultural competence, healing journey, Indigenous peoples of Canada, adolescent mental health, young adult mental health, access to mental health care
MeSH terms
Indigenous Peoples, Scoping Reviews as Topic, Adolescent, Canada, Health Promotion, Humans, Mental Health, Young Adult, Protective Factors

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