Determining the role of sport coaches in promoting athlete mental health: a narrative review and Delphi approach
Open accessAbstract
Background: Coaches have the potential to support athlete mental wellness, but many are unsure what to do and concerned they may unintentionally engage in behaviours that negatively impact their athletes. Education has the potential to help coaches engage in primary, secondary and tertiary preventive behaviours related to athlete mental health; however, there exists no empirical or consensus basis for specifying the target behaviours that should be included in such education. Objective: The aim of this research was to review extant literature about the role of sport coaches in mental health prevention and promotion, and obtain expert consensus about useful, appropriate and feasible coach behaviours. Design: Modified Delphi methodology with exploration (ie, narrative review) and evaluation phase. Data sources: Twenty-one articles from PubMed, PsycINFO and ProQuest, and grey literature published by prominent sport organisations. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: All studies were English-language articles that focused on the role of coaches as they relate to (1) culture setting in sport, (2) addressing athlete mental health and (3) providing ongoing support to athletes with mental health concerns. No study design, publication date limits or sport characteristics were applied. Results: The coach’s role should include fostering team cultures that support athlete mental health, encouraging care-seeking and supporting athletes currently receiving mental healthcare. Summary/Conclusion: The behaviours specified herein have implications for coach education programme development. This study is the first to use a structured Delphi process to develop specific recommendations about the role coaches can play in supporting athlete mental health.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Coaches may play a decisive role in shaping cultural and institutional attitudes towards mental health in elite sports organisations (e.g. help-seeking).
“This may include a decisive role in shaping the cultural and institutional attitudes towards mental health in elite sports organisations (e.g. help-seeking) [26, 27].”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
The Results (Exploration phase: narrative review) say coaches can shape team culture around mental health and the expected consequences of help-seeking. The Discussion likewise says coaches can affect cultural change, but it describes organisational context as shaping coaches’ behaviour; it does not establish that coaches decisively shape institutional attitudes across elite sports organisations. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Organizational culture and leadership
(1993) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/0024-6301(93)90120-5 · Cited by 16,527 · see citing works
A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009) · Health Information & Libraries Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x · Cited by 10,817 · see citing works
The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090197 · Cited by 5,133 · see citing works
Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 · Cited by 2,366 · see citing works
Gazing into the oracle : the Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health
Ziglio, E., & Adler, M. E. (1996) · Jessica Kingsley Publishers eBooks · Cited by 1,444 · see citing works
Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)
Reardon, C. L., Hainline, B., Aron, C. M., Baron, D., Baum, A. L., Bindra, A., Budgett, R., Campriani, N., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Currie, A., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715 · Cited by 1,277 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review
Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2 · Cited by 1,205 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Once athletes have chosen to seek help for mental health concerns, encouraging treatment adherence should theoretically help limit morbidity.”
BackgroundYouth sport programs: An avenue to foster positive youth development
Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2005) · Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/1740898042000334890 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Intervention Mapping: A Process for Developing Theory and Evidence-Based Health Education Programs
Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., & Kok, G. (1998) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019819802500502 · Cited by 1,102 · cited 1× · see citing works
“23 Thus, there is a critical need to establish consensus about the role of the coach related to mental health promotion.”
BackgroundThe National Collegiate Athletic Association
Pierce, P. E. (1912) · American Physical Education Review · doi:10.1080/23267224.1912.10651691 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Holt, N. L., Neely, K. C., Slater, L. G., Camiré, M., Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J., MacDonald, D., Strachan, L., & Tamminen, K. A. (2017) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2016.1180704 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Thangaratinam, S., & Redman, C. W. E. (2005) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1576/toag.7.2.120.27071 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., & Christensen, H. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-157 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Schinke, R. J., Stambulova, N. B., Si, G., & Moore, Z. E. (2017) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2017.1295557 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Methodology Update: Delphi Studies
McPherson, S., Reese, C., & Wendler, M. C. (2018) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000297 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
The mental health of Australian elite athletes
Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., Mackinnon, A. J., Batterham, P. J., & Stanimirovic, R. (2014) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.006 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Consensus statement on improving the mental health of high performance athletes
Henriksen, K., Schinke, R., Moesch, K., McCann, S., Parham, W. D., Larsen, C. H., & Terry, P. (2020) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2019.1570473 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Putukian, M. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095586 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Motl, R. W., Birnbaum, A. S., Kubik, M. Y., & Dishman, R. K. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000126205.35683.0a · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Bauman, N. J. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095570 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Gallinaro, J. G. D. M. E., Falcão, R. S., Gouttebarge, V., Hitchcock, M. E., Hainline, B., Reardon, C. L., & Stull, T. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100710 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Breslin, G., Shannon, S., Haughey, T., Donnelly, P., & Leavey, G. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0568-6 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Health-Related Quality of Life Differs Between Adolescent Athletes and Adolescent Nonathletes
Valier, A. R. S., Martinez, J. C., Bay, R. C., Parsons, J. T., Sauers, E. L., & McLeod, T. C. V. (2010) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.19.3.237 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Moreland, J. J., Coxe, K. A., & Yang, J. (2018) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.04.009 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Stressors in elite sport: A coach perspective
Thelwell, R. C., Weston, N. J. V., Greenlees, I. A., & Hutchings, N. V. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410801885933 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Watson, J. C. (2005) · Journal of college student development · doi:10.1353/csd.2005.0044 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Intervention for physician burnout: A systematic review
Wiederhold, B. K., Cipresso, P., Pizzioli, D., Wiederhold, M., & Riva, G. (2018) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2018-0039 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Student Athletes' Perceived Barriers to and Preferences for Seeking Counseling
López, R. L., & Levy, J. J. (2013) · Journal of College Counseling · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2013.00024.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Youth sport as a context for supporting mental health: Adolescent male perspectives
Swann, C., Telenta, J., Draper, G., Liddle, S. K., Fogarty, A. S., Hurley, D., & Vella, S. A. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.11.008 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Organizational Culture and Climate
Ostroff, C. L., Kinicki, A. J., & Muhammad, R. S. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop212024 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Neal, T. L., Diamond, A. B., Goldman, S., Klossner, D. A., Morse, E. D., Pajak, D. E., Putukian, M., Quandt, E. F., Sullivan, J. P., Wallack, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.13 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Perspectives on Primary Prevention
Caplan, G. (1967) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730270075012 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sebbens, J., Hassmén, P., Crisp, D. A., & Wensley, K. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00911 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Re-appraising stress appraisals: The underlying properties of stress in sport
Thatcher, J., & Day, M. C. (2007) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.04.005 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Etzel, E. F. (2006) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.2202/1949-6605.1682 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Drew, M. K., Cook, J. L., & Finch, C. F. (2016) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095871 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mindfulness Training for Coaches: A Mixed-Method Exploratory Study
Longshore, K., & Sachs, M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2014-0038 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Student-Athletes and Counseling: Factors Influencing the Decision to Seek Counseling Services.
Watson, J. C. (2006) · College student journal · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mazzer, K., & Rickwood, D. (2014) · International Journal of Health Promotion and Education · doi:10.1080/14635240.2014.965841 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Changing team culture: the perspectives of ten successful head coaches.
Schroeder, P. J. (2010) · Scholarly Commons (University of the Pacific) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Addressing mental health through sport: a review of sporting organizations' websites
Liddle, S. K., Deane, F. P., & Vella, S. A. (2016) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12337 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Quality of Care Indicators for the Rehabilitation of Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Rivara, F. P., Ennis, S. K., Mangione-Smith, R. M., MacKenzie, E. J., & Jaffe, K. M. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.08.015 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sport Concussion Education and Prevention
Tator, C. H. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.6.3.293 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cassilo, D., & Sanderson, J. (2018) · Communication & Sport · doi:10.1177/2167479518790039 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Etzel, E. F. (2006) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.2202/0027-6014.1682 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“It’s Recovery United for Me”: Promises and Pitfalls of Football as Part of Mental Health Recovery
Magee, J., Spaaij, R., & Jeanes, R. (2015) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.2014-0149 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Parents views of the role of sports coaches as mental health gatekeepers for adolescent males
Brown, M., Deane, F. P., Vella, S. A., & Liddle, S. K. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2017.1348305 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Developing Young Athletes: A Sport Psychology Based Approach to Coaching Youth Sports
Watson, J. C., Connole, I. J., & Kadushin, P. (2011) · Journal of Sport Psychology in Action · doi:10.1080/21520704.2011.586452 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Intercollegiate coaches’ experiences and strategies for coaching first-year athletes*
Kim, J., Bloom, G. A., & Bennie, A. (2016) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2016.1176068 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Coach Support of High School Student-Athletes Struggling With Anxiety or Depression
Kroshus, E., Chrisman, S. P. D., Coppel, D. B., & Herring, S. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2018-0004 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
An Evidence-Informed Framework to Promote Mental Wellbeing in Elite Sport
Purcell, R., Pilkington, V., Carberry, S., Reid, D., Gwyther, K., Hall, K., Deacon, A., Manon, R., Walton, C. C., & Rice, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780359 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Breslin, G., Shannon, S., Cummings, M., & Leavey, G. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-01932-5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Kuettel, A., Pedersen, A. K., & Larsen, C. H. (2021) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101837 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Li, Z., Li, J., Kong, J., Li, Z., Wang, R., & Jiang, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1433698 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kegelaers, J., Wylleman, P., van Bree, I. (. N. A., Wessels, F., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2021) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2020-0066 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Mental Health Among Elite Youth Athletes: A Narrative Overview to Advance Research and Practice
Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Henderson, J. L., Kim, J., Kerr, G., Frost, J., Gwyther, K., Pilkington, V., Rice, S., & Tamminen, K. A. (2024) · Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381231219230 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review
Frost, J., Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Fisher, K., Gwyther, K., Kocherginsky, M., & Rice, S. M. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00655-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“This may include a decisive role in shaping the cultural and institutional attitudes towards mental health in elite sports organisations (e.g. help-seeking) [26, 27].”
BackgroundMental health and well-being of elite youth athletes: a scoping review
Gwyther, K., Pilkington, V., Bailey, A. P., Mountjoy, M. L., Bergeron, M. F., Rice, S., & Purcell, R. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108244 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mental Health in the Specialized Athlete
Daley, M., Shoop, J., & Christino, M. A. (2023) · Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12178-023-09851-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Exploring Mental Health and Illness in the UK Sports Coaching Workforce
Smith, A., Haycock, D., Jones, J., Greenough, K., Wilcock, R., & Braid, I. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249332 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wilczyńska, D., Qi, W., Jaenes, J. C., Alarcón, D., Arenilla, M., & Lipowski, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710662 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Understanding and Improving Athlete Mental Health: A Social Identity Approach
Stevens, M. R., Cruwys, T., OLIVE, L. S., & Rice, S. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-01996-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ackeret, N., Röthlin, P., Allemand, M., Krieger, T., Berger, T., Znoj, H., Kenttä, G., Birrer, D., & Horvath, S. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102207 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Making Sense of Coach Development Worldwide During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Callary, B., Brady, A., Kiosoglous, C., Clewer, P., Resende, R., Mehrtens, T., Wilkie, M., & Horvath, R. (2020) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2020-0221 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dean, F., Kavanagh, E. J., Wilding, A. J., & Rees, T. (2022) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports10040060 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Garver, M. J., Gordon, A. M., Philipp, N. M., Huml, M. R., & Wakeman, A. J. (2021) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s320243 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Supporting The Mental Health Of Elite‐Level Coaches Through Early Intervention
Frost, J., Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., & Rice, S. (2023) · Arthroscopy Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.017 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Şenel, E., Küttel, A., Adiloğulları, İ., & Jowett, S. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102850 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Importance of Positive Relationships for Coaches’ Effectiveness and Well-Being
Davis, L., Jowett, S., & Sörman, D. E. (2022) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2021-0065 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Annesi, N., Battaglia, M., & Frey, M. (2023) · Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research · doi:10.2478/pcssr-2023-0007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lundqvist, C., Camps, J., Vertommen, T., Barker‐Ruchti, N., & Kolbeinsson, Ö. (2025) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2025.2457038 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Promoting mental health among young males in sporting contexts: A systematic review
Petersen, J. M., Drummond, M., Rasheed, K., Elliott, S., Drummond, C., Smith, J. A., Wadham, B., & Prichard, I. J. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102551 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Barrio, M. R., Ley, C., Schomöller, A., & Dumon, D. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126543 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Team Denmark applied model of athlete mental health
Henriksen, K., Diment, G. M., & Küttel, A. (2023) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2023.2281525 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Marheni, E., Afrizal, S., Purnomo, E., Jermaina, N., & Cahyani, F. I. (2023) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v51.101053 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Boldi, A., Rapp, A., & Birk, M. (2024) · International journal of human computer interactions · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2423343 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sandgren, S. S., Haycraft, E., Pearce, R., & Plateau, C. R. (2022) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2022.2032476 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
An evaluation of a mental health literacy program for community sport leaders
O’Connor, J. P., Grové, C., Jeanes, R., Lambert, K., & Bevan, N. (2023) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2023.200259 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
On the Frontline of Athlete Mental Health: The Mental Health Literacy of NCAA Coaches
Beebe, K. E., & Petrie, T. A. (2024) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.2023-0007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The relationship between athletes’ grit, mental toughness, and sport resilience
Mendizabal, B. (2024) · Physical Education of Students · doi:10.15561/20755279.2024.0401 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ojio, Y., Amemiya, R., Oliffe, J. L., & Rice, S. (2025) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002275 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The role of identity leadership in promoting athletes' mental health: A cross‐cultural study
Butalia, R., Boen, F., Haslam, S. A., Puyenbroeck, S. V., Meeussen, L., Coffee, P., Biglari, N., Bruner, M. W., Chaudhary, A., Chmura, P., et al. (2025) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.70008 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wilson, O. W. A., Whatman, C. S., Walters, S., Keung, S., Enari, D., Chiet, A., Millar, S., Ferkins, L., Hinckson, E. A., Hapeta, J., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148597 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A systematic review of psychological difficulties among elite sports coaches
Kang, S., & Lee, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1666035 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hebard, S. P., Oakes, L. R., Davoren, A. K., Milroy, J. J., Redman, J., Ehrmann, J., & Wyrick, D. L. (2021) · Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning · doi:10.1108/jrit-01-2021-0006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationKusier, A. O., Ubbesen, T. R., & Folker, A. P. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336736 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liddelow, C., Schweickle, M. J., Sutcliffe, J., Swann, C., Keegan, R. J., Rice, S., Okely, A. D., & Vella, S. A. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102553 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mental ill-health in semi-elite women’s soccer in England: a mixed-methods approach
Bramley, O., Healy, L. C., & Sarkar, M. (2024) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2024.2311752 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Development of mental education through sports to enhance adolescent personal resilience
Marheni, E., Purnomo, E., Okilanda, A., Oktavianus, I., Hambali, B., Burstiando, R., Cahyani, F. I., & Jermaina, N. (2024) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.55860/5vantg56 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ooms, L., van Stam, W., Sevdalis, V., Overbye, M., Algurén, B., Heck, S., & Hoye, A. V. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25916-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mental health and well‐being in esports: A scoping review
Poulus, D., Nicholson, M., Obine, E. A. C., Drew, M., FISHER, K., Vella, S. A., Seidler, Z. E., & Sharpe, B. T. (2026) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.70055 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
In Between the Lines: Black and Brown Adolescents Creating a Homeplace Across School Settings
Germinaro, K. (2022) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/00420859221086519 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Coach's Role in Understanding the Athletes' Condition: Maximizing Communication Functions
Purnomo, E., Aisyah, S. N., Hadjarati, H., Azis, A. C. K., Suardika, I. K., Jermaina, N., Nurkhoiroh, N., & Gumilar, A. (2024) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v55.105991 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Sport Coaches
Battaglia, A., & Kerr, G. A. (2022) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2022-0025 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Profiling of expert bouldering routesetters
Henz, J., Sánchez, X., Memmert, D., & Medernach, J. P. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541241248583 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Investigating coaches’ recognition of symptoms of eating disorders in track athletes
Macpherson, M. C., Harrison, R. E., Marie, D., & Miles, L. K. (2022) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001333 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mental Health Training for Coaches: A Policy, Practice, and Research Commentary
Bates, S. M., & Atkinson, O. (2024) · Sport Social Work Journal · doi:10.33043/sswj.2z3d359 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lane, D. S. (2024) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2024.200364 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Association Between Sports Participation and Mental Health Across the Lifespan
Tahira, S. (2023) · International journal of Sport Studies for Health · doi:10.5812/intjssh-134601 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tapering in the Sport of Karate: Narrative Review
Yudhistira, D., Kurnianto, H., Candra, A. R. D., Ulinnuha, R. A. N., & Wicaksono, A. (2023) · International Seminar of Public Health and Education (ISPHE) · doi:10.4108/eai.29-6-2022.2326103 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
McGuire, C. S., Brown, D. J., McEwan, D., Arnold, R., & Martin, L. J. (2023) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2023.2204320 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mental training strategies in improving sport performance: A literature review
Ihsan, F., Nasrulloh, A., Nugroho, S., & Yuniana, R. (2024) · doi:10.56984/8zg020atip · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Schinke, R. J., Henriksen, K., Petersen, B., Wylleman, P., Si, G., Zhang, L., McCann, S. C., & Papaioannou, A. G. (2021) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1892940 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Matthews, J. J., Booth, A., Rooney, L., Brennan, C., & McGovern, T. (2023) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2023.2207831 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chen, W., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yao, J., Chu, D., Zhu, X., & Niu, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1558351 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
O’Connor, J. P., Jeanes, R., Lambert, K., Bevan, N., Young, L. M., Powers, T., & Grové, C. (2024) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2024.200326 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Consensus recommendations to inform an update of the NCAA Mental Health Best Practices
Kroshus, E., Wheelhouse, C., Houle, J. L. W., Bartley, J. D., Gruttadaro, D., Pick, C. J., Rao, A. L., Fine, A., Merrill, J., Casiero, D. C., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-109183 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationParrott, S. (2023) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2023-0075 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bunch, N., Beasley, L., & Copple, J. (2024) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2024-0035 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Schwab, L., Röthlin, P., Philippe, R. A., & Horvath, S. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251408112 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Meeting Basic Psychological Needs: One Coach’s Application of Self-Determination Theory in Practice
Gano‐Overway, L. A., & Harrison, G. A. (2024) · Journal of Sport Psychology in Action · doi:10.1080/21520704.2024.2396303 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A process map of flourishing between the coach and athlete in Canadian university sport
Pankow, K., Mosewich, A. D., McHugh, T.-L., & Holt, N. L. (2022) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2022.2127859 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kaski, S., Arvinen‐Barrow, M., Kinnunen, U. M., & Parkkari, J. P. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2021-0083 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
O’Leary, C., Rooney, B., Donohue, B. C., & Matthews, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2022.2126908 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Topping, R., Paradis, K. F., & Ferguson, K. (2023) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2022-0090 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gutman, T., Lev-Arey, D., Gottlieb, A., & Tarrasch, R. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102893 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Coach mental health literacy: a scoping review
Worley, J. T., Sullivan, L., Ferguson, E., Anderson‐Butcher, D., Mack, S., Houle, J. L. W., & Ault, K. J. (2025) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2025.2575494 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Developing sport officials: What can we learn from our knowledge on coach development?
Kittel, A. B., Cunningham, I., Lascu, A., Larkin, P., Vickery, W., & MacMahon, C. (2026) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541251408003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Psychology of Golf Performance under Pressure
Hill, D. M., Barker, J. B., & Steptoe, K. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003299042 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Henderson, H., Shipway, R., Nicholson, R., & Marmion, V. (2025) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2025.2481564 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Content Analysis of Mental Health Literacy Education for Sport Coaches
Hebard, S. P., Bissett, J. E., Kroshus, E., Beamon, E. R., & Reich, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2021-0011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationActions speak louder than coaches: Eating disorder behaviour among student-athletes
Button, T. A. J., & Ouellette, G. P. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308795 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Brown, B. J., Aller, T. B., Lyons, L. K., Jenson, A., Juhasz, A., Jensen, J. F., & Hodgson, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2023-0059 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Beebe, K. E., & Petrie, T. A. (2025) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2025.2463590 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Küttel, A., Melin, A., Larsen, C. H., & Lichtenstein, M. B. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.7146/sjsep.v4i1.128360 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Examining the value of mental health awareness training for soccer coaching license candidates
McLane, L., Oliva‐Lozano, J. M., Kerulis, M., Cost, R., Bartley, J. D., & Chiampas, G. (2024) · Apunts Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.apunsm.2024.100459 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The impact of abusive supervision by coaches on athlete burnout in Chinese culture
Li, J., Li, X., Sun, J., Li, J., Li, C., Fu, Y., & Yan, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1643356 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bon, M., & Doupona, M. (2020) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01633 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kraus, A. D., & Tibbetts, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2021-0061 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dithurbide, L., Boudreault, V., Durand‐Bush, N., Delage, G., MacLeod, L., & Gauthier, V. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1540372 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mental health literacy in elite-level coaches: Recognition and management of depression and burnout
Frost, J., Purcell, R., Rice, S. M., Tamminen, K. A., Gouttebarge, V., Adams, W. M., & Walton, C. C. (2026) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2025.2589723 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shipway, R., Henderson, H., Nicholson, R., & Marmion, V. (2025) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2025.2501213 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Validation of the athlete psychological strain questionnaire among United States collegiate athletes
Yang, J., & Parent, M. C. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102933 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Motivation in coaching: Promoting adaptive psychological outcomes
Kingston, K. M., Wixey, D., & Cropley, B. (2021) · Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology eBooks · doi:10.51224/b1021 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Benefits of the SHC System on Publication Management and Promotion of Sports Actor Services
Adi, S., & Fathoni, A. F. (2022) · Physical Education and Sports Studies and Research · doi:10.56003/pessr.v1i1.71 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
National Initiative Pivots Amid a Global Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the InSideOut Initiative
Milroy, J. J., Davoren, A. K., Hebard, S. P., Grist, P., Kelly, S. E., Weaver, G. M., & Wyrick, D. L. (2024) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/15248399241285058 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationStringer, J., Tasawar, A., Pearl, D. L., Lumley, M. N., & Papadopoulos, A. (2025) · Journal of Amateur Sport · doi:10.17161/jas.v11i1.22920 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Walk the walk or talk the talk: elite coaches espoused thoughts and actions
Nash, C. S., Beckmann, J., Crespo, M., & Martínez-Gallego, R. (2025) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2025.2522446 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lim, A. S. X., Schweickle, M. J., & Vella, S. A. (2025) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2025.2523868 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cultural attitudes toward sport psychology: insights from Italian athletes and coaches
Simonti, G., Kamphoff, C. S., McAlarnen, M. M., Kratimenos, P., & Quartiroli, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1630005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Investigation of Canada’s National Coaching Certification Program’s Coaching Outcomes
Gurgis, J., & Callary, B. (2025) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2024-0136 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jewett, R., Durand‐Bush, N., Primeau, C., & Slingerland, K. J. V. (2026) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.2025-0095 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lobo, J. T. (2022) · Edu Sportivo Indonesian Journal of Physical Education · doi:10.25299/es:ijope.2022.vol3(3).10605 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental Health and Sport-Related Concussion
Vu, V., & Jeckell, A. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08364-8_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Creating an Environment That Supports Mental Well-Being and Resilience
Kroshus, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08364-8_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationOliveira, S., Cunha, M. I. V. A., Rosado, A. F. B., & Ferreira, C. (2023) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2023.2234071 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Raibowo, S., Fathoni, A. F., Sugihartono, T., Nopiyanto, Y. E., Prabowo, A., Permadi, A., & Rizky, O. B. (2023) · Jurnal Inovasi Pengabdian Masyarakat Pendidikan · doi:10.33369/jurnalinovasi.v3i2.27174 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Decisions about the management of mental distress in professional footballers
James, I. A., Turner, M. J., & James, C. A. (2025) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x25000121 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
From cognition to competition: enhancing indonesian football development through sports psychology
Akbar, A., Guspa, A., Muspita, R., Karim, Z. A., Purnomo, E., Cahyani, F. I., & Hon, G. Y. (2025) · Salud Ciencia y Tecnología · doi:10.56294/saludcyt20252082 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bissett, J. E., Kroshus, E., & Hebard, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bissett, James E.
- Venue
- BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e000676
- ISSN
- 2055-7647 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7011013
- OpenAlex
- W3003480518
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- sports coaches, athlete mental health, coach education, mental health prevention, mental health promotion, team culture, care seeking, athlete support, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, expert consensus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
