Cited by 148Statistical Methods in Clinical TrialsStatistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

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Intention to treat analysis in clinical trials when there are missing data

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Streiner, David, Geddes, John·2001·Evidence Based Mental Health

DOI 10.1136/ebmh.4.3.70

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Abstract

Intention to treat analysis in clinical trials when there are missing data

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“Intention-to-treat datawas extracted from the primary articles [56, 57].”
Method
Taking computerized CBT beyond primary care.
Learmonth, D., & Rai, S. (2008) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466507x248599 · Cited by 30
Effectiveness of alitretinoin in severe chronic hand eczema: PASSION, a real-world observational study
Thaçi, D., Augustin, M., Westermayer, B., Kamps, A., & Hennig, M. (2016) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546634.2016.1227422 · Cited by 23
“The LOCF method has several limitations which have been described elsewhere (29).”
Method
Prevention of child mental health problems in Southeastern Europe: a multicentre sequential study to adapt, optimise and test the parenting programme ‘Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children’, protocol for stage 1, the feasibility study
Frantz, I., Foran, H. M., Lachman, J. M., Jansen, E., Hutchings, J., Băban, A., Fang, X., Gardner, F. E. M., Lesco, G., Raleva, M., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026684 · Cited by 22
Generating Evidence to Inform Policy and Practice: The Example of the Second Generation "Atypical" Antipsychotics
Geddes, J. R. (2003) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006980 · Cited by 20
“Methods of imputation such as last observation carried forward (LOCF) allow intention-to-treat analyses in the presence of missing data, but the validity of the quantitative result is compromised (Streiner and Geddes 2001).”
MethodSelf-citation
Efficacy and safety of deferasirox estimated by serum ferritin and labile plasma iron levels in patients with aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myeloid leukemia with transfusional iron overload
Kim, I. H., Moon, J. H., Lim, S.-N., Sohn, S., Kim, H., Lee, G., Kim, Y., Lee, H. S., Kwon, K., Kim, S., et al. (2015) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/trf.13036 · Cited by 19
“Age (years), median (range) 55 (17-79) 53 (17-79) 59 (20-75) 51 (18-75) Gender, n (%) Male 62 (62.”
Valores anômalos e dados faltantes em estudos clínicos e experimentais
Miot, H. A. (2019) · Jornal Vascular Brasileiro · doi:10.1590/1677-5449.190004 · Cited by 21
Combining supervised run interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training with the diabetes prevention program on clinical outcomes
Gilbertson, N. M., Mandelson, J. A., Hilovsky, K. L., Akers, J. D., Hargens, T. A., Wenos, D. L., & Edwards, E. S. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04137-2 · Cited by 18
Effect of intensive weekend mindfulness-based intervention on BDNF, mitochondria function, and anxiety. A randomized, crossover clinical trial
Gomutbutra, P., Srikamjak, T., Sapinun, L., Kunaphanh, S., Yingchankul, N., Apaijai, N., Shinlapawittayatorn, K., Phuackchantuck, R., Chattipakorn, N., & Chattipakorn, S. C. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100137 · Cited by 18
Effects of a Pain Education Program for Veterans with Chronic, Noncancer Pain: A Pilot Study
Cosio, D., & Lin, E. H. (2013) · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.3109/15360288.2013.846953 · Cited by 18
Sources and handling of losses to follow-up in parallel-group randomized clinical trials in dogs and cats: 63 trials (2000–2005)
Brown, D. C. (2007) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.68.7.694 · Cited by 18
A Randomized Comparative Trial of Targeted Steroid Injection via Epidural Catheter vs Standard Transforaminal Epidural Injection for the Treatment of Unilateral Cervical Radicular Pain: Six-Month Results
McCormick, Z. L., Conger, A., Sperry, B. P., Teramoto, M., Petersen, R., Salazar, F., Cunningham, S., Henrie, A. M., Bisson, E. F., & Kendall, R. W. (2020) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa242 · Cited by 17
Ist primäre Prävention von Essstörungen langfristig wirksam?
Dannigkeit, N., Köster, G., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie · doi:10.1026/0943-8149.13.2.79 · Cited by 17
A preliminary trial examining a ‘real world’ approach for increasing physical activity among breast cancer survivors: findings from project MOVE
Caperchione, C. M., Sabiston, C. M., Stolp, S., Bottorff, J. L., Campbell, K. L., Eves, N. D., Ellard, S. L., Gotay, C. C., Sharp, P., Pullen, T., et al. (2019) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5470-2 · Cited by 16
“Third, the use of “last observation carried forward” has limitations [68], however the majority of participants with missing data had only one time point of data collected, making growth curve analysis inappropriate.”
Background
The Moderating Role of Sexual Identity in Group Teletherapy for Adults Aging with HIV
Heckman, B. D., Lovejoy, T. I., Heckman, T. G., Anderson, T., Grimes, T., Sutton, M., & Bianco, J. A. (2014) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2014.925417 · Cited by 17
Effects of Atomoxetine in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Low-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kılınçaslan, A., Mutluer, T., Pasabeyoglu, B., Tutkunkardaş, M. D., & Mukaddes, N. M. (2016) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0179 · Cited by 16
“This analysis has advantages like minimizing the number of subjects eliminated from the analysis and examining trends over time, rather than focusing simply on the endpoint (Streiner and Geddes 2001).”
Effects of a pain education program in Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatment utilization at a VA medical center
Cosio, D., & Lin, E. H. (2015) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2015.04.005 · Cited by 15
One-year results from a randomized comparative trial of targeted steroid injection via epidural catheter versus standard transforaminal epidural injection for the treatment of unilateral cervical radicular pain
Conger, A., Kendall, R. W., Sperry, B. P., Petersen, R., Salazar, F., Cunningham, S., Henrie, A. M., Bisson, E. F., Teramoto, M., & McCormick, Z. L. (2021) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1136/rapm-2021-102514 · Cited by 15
How have research questions and methods used in clinical trials published in Clinical Rehabilitation changed over the last 30 years?
Mayo, N. E., Kaur, N., Barbic, S. P., Fiore, J. F., Barclay, R., Finch, L. E., Kuspinar, A., Asano, M., Figueiredo, S. M., Aburub, A. S., et al. (2016) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215516658939 · Cited by 14
Effects of the combination of pulsed electromagnetic field with progressive resistance exercise on knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Yabroudi, M. A., Aldardour, A. M., Nawasreh, Z. H., Obaidat, S. M., Altubasi, I. M., & Bashaireh, K. M. (2023) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-220261 · Cited by 14
“Intention to treat analysis was used for patients who lost to follow-up (2 patients) using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method [49,50].”
Low level laser for the stimulation of acupoints for smoking cessation: a double blind, placebo controlled randomised trial and semi structured interviews
Kerr, M. J. (2008) · Cited by 14
Effectiveness of Functional Family Therapy in a Non‐Western Context: Findings from a Randomized‐Controlled Evaluation of Youth Offenders in Singapore
Gan, D. Z. Q., Zhou, Y., Wahab, N. D. B. A., Ruby, K., & Hoo, E. (2021) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12630 · Cited by 13
Adolescents' Experiences of Scoliosis Surgery and the Trajectory of Self-Reported Pain
Rullander, A., Lundström, M. O., Östlund, U., & Lindh, V. (2017) · Orthopaedic Nursing · doi:10.1097/nor.0000000000000402 · Cited by 13
Supervised Aerobic Exercise Training and Increased Lifestyle Physical Activity to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk for Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial
Woodward, A., Broom, D. R., Dalton, C., Metwally, M., & Klonizakis, M. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0103 · Cited by 14
Low energy density diet, weight loss maintenance, and risk of cardiovascular disease following a recent weight reduction program: A randomized control trial
Karimi, G., Azadbakht, L., Haghighatdoost, F., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2016) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-1995.181992 · Cited by 12
“[27] Participant’s data in their groups were analyzed based on random allocation, which was generated by a nurse, regardless of whether or not they actually adhered the dietary intervention.”
A pilot randomized control trial on the feasibility, acceptability, and initial effects of a digital-assisted parenting intervention for promoting mental health in Malaysian adolescents
Zulkefly, N. S., Schaff, A. R. D., Zaini, N. A., Mukhtar, F., & Dahlan, R. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241249572 · Cited by 11
“59 To enable a comparison of post-treatment effect sizes between the variables, all effect sizes of parametric and nonparametric tests were computed using Cohen ’ s d via Psychometrica, a free online computing software.”
Method
Flowable bulk-fill versus layering restorative material on Class II restorations: A randomized clinical trial
Torres, C. R. G., Mailart, M. C., Moecke, S. E., Matuda, A. G. N., Veloso, S. M., Ávila, D. M. D. S., Nicoló, R. D., & Borges, A. B. (2024) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105154 · Cited by 11
Additional cardiovascular fitness when progressing from moderate- to high-intensity exercise training in previously trained breast cancer survivors
Bell, R., Baldi, J. C., & Jones, L. M. (2021) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06259-w · Cited by 11
“An intention to treat analysis was used with the last-observation-carried-forward method used to address missing data [21].”
Method
Effects of quetiapine and olanzapine in patients with psychosis and violent behavior: a pilot randomized, open-label, comparative study
Gobbi, G., & Comai, S. (2014) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s59968 · Cited by 11
Intrathecal baclofen bolus reduces exaggerated extensor coactivation during pre-swing and early-swing of gait after acquired brain injury
Chow, J. W., Yablon, S. A., & Stokić, D. S. (2017) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.02.017 · Cited by 10
The efficacy and acceptability of the Triple P: Positive Parenting Program with Turkish parents
Arkan, B., Güvenir, T., Ralph, A., & Day, J. J. (2020) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12283 · Cited by 10

Authors: Streiner, D., & Geddes, J.
Affiliations: Editors, Evidence-Based Mental Health
ORCID: Streiner, David
Geddes, John
Venue: Evidence Based Mental Health
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2001-08
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Pages: 70-71
ISSN: 1362-0347 (ISSN-L)
1468-960X
DOI: 10.1136/ebmh.4.3.70
OpenAlex: W2150091817
Cited by: 148
References: 3
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 2.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Evidence-Based Mental Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: intention-to-treat analysis, missing data, clinical trials, missing data mechanisms, bias in treatment effect estimation
MeSH terms: Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Patient Dropouts, Models, Statistical

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Intention to treat analysis in clinical trials when there are missing data

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