Methods in observational epidemiology

Why Most Published Research Findings Are False

Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005) · CHANCE · doi:10.1080/09332480.2005.10722754 · Cited by 4,702

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Total Population Sample

Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B. L., Koh, Y.-J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., Lim, E.-C., Cheon, K.-A., Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y.-K., Lee, H., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101532 · Cited by 1,524

Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination

Krieger, N. (1999) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/m11w-vwxe-kqm9-g97q · Cited by 1,181

Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature

Somers, J. M., Goldner, E. M., Waraich, P., & Hsu, L. (2006) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370605100206 · Cited by 1,114

Racism, Sexism, and Social Class: Implications for Studies of Health, Disease, and Well-being

Krieger, N., Rowley, D. L., Herman, A. A., Avery, B., & Phillips, M. T. (1993) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30666-4 · Cited by 956

An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land

Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07283-5 · Cited by 734

Annual incidence and relative risk of diabetes in people with various categories of dysglycemia: a systematic overview and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Gerstein, H. C., Santaguida, P., Raina, P., Morrison, K. M., Balion, C., Hunt, D., Yazdi, H., & Booker, L. (2007) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.05.004 · Cited by 575

Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Waraich, P., Goldner, E. M., Somers, J. M., & Hsu, L. (2004) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370404900208 · Cited by 522

Does Physical Intimate Partner Violence Affect Sexual Health?: A Systematic Review

Coker, A. L. (2007) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838007301162 · Cited by 401

A systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between depression and smoking in adolescents

Chaiton, M. O., Cohen, J. E., O'Loughlin, J., & Rehm, J. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-356 · Cited by 391

Epidemiology of completed and attempted suicide: toward a framework for prevention

Mościcki, E. K. (2001) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s1566-2772(01)00032-9 · Cited by 359

When and how can real world data analyses substitute for randomized controlled trials?

Franklin, J. M., & Schneeweiss, S. (2017) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.857 · Cited by 316

Mining Electronic Health Records (EHRs): A Survey

Yadav, P., Steinbach, M., Kumar, V., & Simon, G. (2018) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3127881 · Cited by 299

Revisiting Robinson: The perils of individualistic and ecologic fallacy

Subramanian, S. V., Jones, K., Kaddour, A., & Krieger, N. (2009) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyn359 · Cited by 252

Psychosocial determinants of relapse in ulcerative colitis: A longitudinal study

Bitton, A., Sewitch, M. J., Peppercorn, M. A., de B Edwardes, M. D., Shah, S., Ransil, B., & Locke, S. E. (2003) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07717.x · Cited by 226

Nontraditional risk factors combine to predict Alzheimer disease and dementia

Song, X., Mitnitski, A., & Rockwood, K. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318225c6bc · Cited by 220

The association between cigarette smoking and drug abuse in the United States

Lai, S., Lai, H., Page, J. B., & McCoy, C. B. (2000) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1300/j069v19n04_02 · Cited by 212

Prevalence of Malaria and Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections in Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Chico, R. M., Mayaud, P., Ariti, C., Mabey, D., Ronsmans, C., & Chandramohan, D. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.3428 · Cited by 194

Psychological Distress, Social Support, and Disease Activity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Sewitch, M. J., Abrahamowicz, M., Bitton, A., Daly, D., Wild, G. E., Cohen, A., Katz, S., Szego, P. L., & Dobkin, P. L. (2001) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03800.x · Cited by 192

Perfectionism and the Five-factor Personality Traits as Predictors of Mortality in Older Adults

Fry, P. S., & Debats, D. L. (2009) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105309103571 · Cited by 154

A Future for Epidemiology?

Schwartz, S., Susser, E., & Susser, M. (1999) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.20.1.15 · Cited by 148

Health workers' attitudes toward sexual and reproductive health services for unmarried adolescents in Ethiopia

Tilahun, M., Mengistie, B., Egata, G., & Reda, A. A. (2012) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-9-19 · Cited by 136

Education level, income level and mental health services use in Canada: associations and policy implications

Steele, L., Dewa, C., Lin, E., & Lee, K. (2007) · Healthcare Policy | Politiques de Santé · doi:10.12927/hcpol.2007.19177 · Cited by 131

Association of polymorphisms of the oestrogen receptoralpha gene with the age of menarche

Stavrou, I. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.4.1101 · Cited by 126

Impairments of speed and amplitude of movement in Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study

Espay, A. J., Beaton, D. E., Morgante, F., Gunraj, C. A., Lang, A. E., & Chen, R. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22480 · Cited by 125

Inconsistencies between self-reported ethnicity and ethnicity recorded in a health maintenance organization

Gomez, S. L., Kelsey, J. L., Glaser, S. L., Lee, M. M., & Sidney, S. (2005) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.03.002 · Cited by 86

The Effect of Maternal Age on Adverse Birth Outcomes: Does Parity Matter?

Lisonkova, S., Janssen, P. A., Sheps, S. B., Lee, S. K., & Dahlgren, L. (2010) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)34522-4 · Cited by 83

The application of methods to quantify attributable risk in medical practice

Uter, W., & Pfahlberg, A. (2001) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/096228020101000305 · Cited by 55

Psychosocial risk and protective factors for depression in the dialysis population: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis

Chan, R., Steel, Z., Brooks, R., Heung, T., Erlich, J., Chow, J., & Suranyi, M. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.05.002 · Cited by 54

The psychosocial correlates of quality of life in the dialysis population: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis

Chan, R., Brooks, R., Steel, Z., Heung, T., Erlich, J., Chow, J., & Suranyi, M. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9973-9 · Cited by 48

Do Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Influence Preschool Unintentional Injury Risk?

Garzon, D. L., Huang, H., & Todd, R. D. (2008) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2007.12.006 · Cited by 38

The dietary inflammatory index is directly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case‐control study

Zirak Sharkesh, E., Keshavarz, S. A., Nazari, L., & Abbasi, B. (2022) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14672 · Cited by 26

Case-control studies in neurosurgery: A review

Nesvick, C. L., Thompson, C. J., Boop, F. A., & Klimo, P. (2014) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2014.5.jns132329 · Cited by 22

Addressing Stillbirth in India Must Include Men

Roberts, L., Montgomery, S., Ganesh, G., Kaur, H. P., & Singh, R. (2017) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2017.1294220 · Cited by 14

Untitled work

Hauschke (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990115)18:1<93::aid-sim992>3.0.co;2-8