The impact of workplace smoking bans: results from a national survey
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of workplace smoking restrictions on the prevalence and intensity of smoking among all indoor workers and various demographic and industry groups. DESIGN: Detailed cross sectional data on worker self reported characteristics, smoking histories, and workplace smoking policies were used in multivariate statistical models to examine whether workplace smoking policies reduce cigarette consumption. After analysing the distribution of policies, four main types of workplace programme were defined: (1) 100% smoke-free environments, (2) work area bans in which smoking is allowed in some common areas, (3) bans in some but not all work and common areas, and (4) minimal or no restrictions. SETTING: After environmental tobacco smoke was identified as a health hazard in the mid-1980s, workplace smoking restrictions became more prevalent. By 1993, nearly 82% of indoor workers faced some restriction on workplace smoking and 47% worked in 100% smoke-free environments. PARTICIPANTS: The database included a nationally representative sample from the tobacco use supplements to the September 1992, January 1993, and May 1993 Current Population Surveys of 97,882 indoor workers who were not self employed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily by smokers. RESULTS: Having a 100% smoke-free workplace reduced smoking prevalence by 6 percentage points and average daily consumption among smokers by 14% relative to workers subject to minimal or no restrictions. The impact of work area bans was lessened by allowing smoking in some common areas. Smoke-free policies reduced smoking for all demographic groups and in nearly all industries. CONCLUSIONS: Requiring all workplaces to be smoke free would reduce smoking prevalence by 10%. Workplace bans have their greatest impact on groups with the highest rates of smoking.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some limited evidence suggests that the effects of smoke-free workplace policies may be larger in men than in women and among persons with greater education, but favorable effects were generally seen in all groups studied.
“Some limited evidence suggests that the effects of smoke-free workplace policies may be larger in men than in women and among persons with greater education, but favorable effects were generally seen in all groups studied.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [429]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Compensating Behavior of Smokers: Taxes, Tar, and Nicotine
Evans, W. N., & Farrelly, M. C. (1998) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2556105 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citationTobacco Taxes and Public Policy to Discourage Smoking
Evans, W. N., Ringel, J. S., & Stech, D. (1999) · Tax Policy and the Economy · doi:10.1086/tpe.13.20061866 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationEnding Smoking at The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Stillman, F. A. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.264.12.1565 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Bray, J. W., & NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.23.1979 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Gerlach, K. K., Shopland, D. R., Hartman, A. M., Gibson, J. T., & Pechacek, T. F. (1997) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.6.3.199 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Lower Levels of Cigarette Consumption Found in Smoke-Free Workplaces in California
Woodruff, T. J. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410120065009 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Hospital Smoking Bans and Employee Smoking Behavior
Longo, D. R. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530400040036 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Effects of a worksite nonsmoking policy: evidence for increased cessation.
Sorsensen, G., Rigotti, N. A., Rosen, A. K., Pinney, J. M., & Prible, R. (1991) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.81.2.202 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Work-site smoking policies: their population impact in Washington State.
Kinne, S., Kristal, A. R., White, E., & Hunt, J. (1993) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.83.7.1031 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effect of a Total Work-Site Smoking Ban on Employee Smoking and Attitudes
Stave, G. M., & Jackson, G. W. (1991) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/00043764-199108000-00014 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Impact of a hospital smoking ban: Changes in tobacco use and employee attitudes
Baile, W. F., Gibertini, M., Ulschak, F. L., SnowAntle, S. M., & Hann, D. M. (1991) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(91)90050-r · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Do Workplace Smoking Bans Reduce Smoking?
Evans, W. N., Farrelly, M. C., & Montgomery, E. E., IV (1996) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w5567 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationSmoking regulations in the work place: an update.
Dj, P., & Massengill, D. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- A recent message to smokers in India. Impact of workplace smoking bans 277 on July 14, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.8.3.272 on 1 September 1999. Downloaded from
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/jasa.2009.ap08746 · Cited by 5,513 · see citing works
Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review
Fichtenberg, C. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7357.188 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2007) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/t0335 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Frazer, K., Callinan, J., McHugh, J., Baarsel, S. V., Clarke, A., Doherty, K., & Kelleher, C. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005992.pub3 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Hopkins, D. P., Briss, P. A., Ricard, C. J., Husten, C. G., Carande-Kulis, V. G., Fielding, J. E., Alao, M. O., McKenna, J. W., Sharp, D. J., Harris, J. R., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00297-x · Cited by 453 · see citing works
The Effects of Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Rates
Levy, D. T., Chaloupka, F. J., & Gitchell, J. G. (2004) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/00124784-200407000-00011 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Workplace interventions for smoking cessation
Cahill, K., & Lancaster, T. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003440.pub4 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Callinan, J., Clarke, A., Doherty, K., & Kelleher, C. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005992.pub2 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Trends in the Exposure of Nonsmokers in the U.S. Population to Secondhand Smoke: 1988–2002
Pirkle, J. L., Bernert, J. T., Caudill, S. P., Sosnoff, C. S., & Pechacek, T. F. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8850 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Association Between Household and Workplace Smoking Restrictions and Adolescent Smoking
Farkas, A. J. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.6.717 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Smokefree Policies to Reduce Tobacco Use
Hopkins, D. P., Razi, S., Leeks, K. D., Priya Kalra, G., Chattopadhyay, S. K., & Soler, R. E. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.029 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Brown, T. J., Platt, S. D., & Amos, A. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.001 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Schaap, M. M., Kunst, A. E., Leinsalu, M., Regidor, E., Ekholm, O., Dzúrová, D., Helmert, U., Klumbienė, J., Santana, P., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2008) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2007.024265 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Nondaily Smokers: Who Are They?
Hassmiller, K. M., Warner, K. E., Méndez, D., Levy, D. T., & Romano, E. O. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.8.1321 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The effect of involuntary job loss on smoking intensity and relapse
Falba, T. A., Teng, H., Sindelar, J. L., & Gallo, W. T. (2005) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01150.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Agurs‐Collins, T., Persky, S., Paskett, E. D., Barkin, S. L., Meissner, H. I., Nansel, T. R., Arteaga, S. S., Zhang, X., Das, R., & Farhat, T. (2019) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304730 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Public Policy and the Challenge of Chronic Noncommunicable DiseasesPreprint
Adeyi, O., Smith, O., & Robles, S. C. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The impact of a smoking ban on hospital admissions for coronary heart disease
Khuder, S. A., Milz, S., Jordan, T., Price, J., Silvestri, K., & Butler, P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.03.011 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Effects of Smoking Restrictions in the Workplace
Brownson, R. C., Hopkins, D. P., & Wakefield, M. A. (2002) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140551 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Effect of Smoking Status on Productivity Loss
Bunn, W. B., Stave, G. M., Downs, K. E., Alvir, J. M. J., & Dirani, R. D. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000243406.08419.74 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Occupation and Workplace Policies Predict Smoking Behaviors
Ham, D. C., Przybeck, T. R., Strickland, J. R., Luke, D. A., Bierut, L. J., & Evanoff, B. (2011) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3182337778 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A prospective investigation of the impact of smoking bans on tobacco cessation and relapse
Longo, D. R., Johnson, J. C., Kruse, R. L., Brownson, R. C., & Hewett, J. E. (2001) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.10.3.267 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Heloma, A., & Jaakkola, M. S. (2003) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00429.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Smoker Characteristics and Smoking-Cessation Milestones
Japuntich, S. J., Leventhal, A. M., Piper, M. E., Bolt, D. M., Roberts, L. J., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.11.016 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Smoking bans, maternal smoking and birth outcomes
Bharadwaj, P., Johnsen, J. V., & Løken, K. V. (2014) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.04.008 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Trends in U.S. Smoking Rates in Occupational Groups: The National Health Interview Survey 1987–1994
Lee, D. J., LeBlanc, W. G., Fleming, L. E., Gómez-Marı́n, O., & Pitman, T. (2004) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000128152.01896.ae · Cited by 110 · see citing works
U.S. Demand for Tobacco Products in a System Framework
Zheng, Y., Zhen, C., Dench, D., & Nonnemaker, J. M. (2016) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.3384 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Cigarette Taxes and Smoking During Pregnancy
Ringel, J. S., & Evans, W. N. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1851 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimating Smoking-Attributable Mortality in the United States
Fenelon, A. T., & Preston, S. H. (2012) · Demography · doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0108-x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The effects of clean indoor air laws: what do we know and what do we need to know?
Levy, D. T. (2003) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyf045 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Best, D. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2120 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
THE EFFECTS OF EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT PAYMENT EXPANSION ON MATERNAL SMOKING
Averett, S. L., & Wang, Y. (2012) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.2886 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Changes in U.S. hospitalization and mortality rates following smoking bans
Shetty, K. D., DeLeire, T., White, C., & Bhattacharya, J. (2010) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.20548 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Implications of a Public Smoking Ban
Lemstra, M., Neudorf, C., & Opondo, J. (2008) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03403743 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Saccone, S. F., Pergadia, M. L., Loukola, A., Broms, U., Montgomery, G. W., Wang, J. C. C., Arpana Agrawal, A., Dick, D. M., Heath, A. C., Todorov, A. A., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/513703 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Smoke-free laws and adult smoking prevalence
Hahn, E. J., Rayens, M. K., Butler, K. M., Zhang, M., Durbin, E., & Steinke, D. T. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.04.009 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Smoking Among U.S. Working Adults
Syamlal, G., Mazurek, J. M., & Dube, S. R. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.013 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
How effective are tobacco industry bar and club marketing efforts in reaching young adults?
Gilpin, E. A., WHITE, V. M., & Pierce, J. P. (2005) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2004.009712 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Effects of a Smoke-Free Law on Hair Nicotine and Respiratory Symptoms of Restaurant and Bar Workers
Hahn, E. J., Rayens, M. K., York, N., Okoli, C. T. C., Zhang, M., Dignan, M., & Al‐Delaimy, W. K. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000215709.09305.01 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Workplace interventions for smoking cessation
Cahill, K., Moher, M., & Lancaster, T. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003440.pub3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Greaves, L., & Jategaonkar, N. (2006) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2005.045393 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cardiovascular health and economic effects of smoke-free workplaces
Ong, M. K., & Glantz, S. A. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.02.029 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ong, M. K., & Glantz, S. A. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.040667 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Impact of home smoking rules on smoking patterns among adolescents and young adults.
Clark, P. I., Schooley, M., Pierce, B., Schulman, J., Hartman, A. M., & Schmitt, C. L. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Giskes, K., Kunst, A. E., Ariza, C., Benach, J., Borrell, C., Helmert, U., Judge, K., Lahelma, E. T., Moussa, K. M., Östergren, P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Public Health Policy · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200132 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Recent trends in home and work smoking bans
Levy, D. T., Romano, E. O., & Mumford, E. A. (2004) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2003.006056 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Application of a rating system to state clean indoor air laws (USA)
Chriqui, J. F., Frosh, M. M., Brownson, R. C., Shelton, D. M., Sciandra, R. C., Hobart, R. L., Fisher, P. H., el Arculli, R., & Alciati, M. H. (2002) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.11.1.26 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2007) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w12831 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Clean Indoor Air: Advances in California, 1990–1999
Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., Emery, S., Ake, C. F., & Pierce, J. P. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.5.785 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Impact of Cigarette Warning Labels and Smoke-free Bylaws on Smoking Cessation
Hammond, D. G., McDonald, P., Fong, G. T., Brown, K. S., & Cameron, R. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03403649 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Shavers, V. L., Fagan, P., Alexander, L. A., Clayton, R., Doucet, J. M., & Baezconde-Garbanati, L. A. (2006) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2006.046979 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hovell, M. F. (2000) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.9.suppl_2.ii40 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Nagelhout, G. E., Willemsen, M. C., & de Vries, H. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03247.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Persistence of Educational Disparities in Smoking
Pampel, F. C. (2009) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.2009.56.3.526 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nargis, N., Yong, H., Driezen, P., Mbulo, L., Zhao, L., Fong, G. T., Thompson, M. E., Borland, R., Palipudi, K. M., Giovino, G. A., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220223 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Workplace interventions for smoking cessation
Moher, M., Hey, K., & Lancaster, T. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003440.pub2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Strength of clean indoor air laws and smoking related outcomes in the USA
McMullen, K., Brownson, R. C., Luke, D. A., & Chriqui, J. F. (2005) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2004.007880 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Second-hand tobacco smoke in public places in urban and rural China
Stillman, F. A., Navas‐Acién, A., Ma, J., Ma, S., Ávila-Tang, É., Breysse, P. N., Yang, G., & Samet, J. M. (2007) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2006.018333 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Loukas, A., Garcia, M. R., & Gottlieb, N. H. (2006) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.55.1.27-32 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Tobacco control policies and smoking in a population of low education women, 1992–2002
Levy, D. T., Mumford, E. A., & Compton, C. (2006) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2005.045542 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Swayampakala, K., Thrasher, J. F., Carpenter, M. J., Reynales-Shigematsu, L. M., Cupertio, A.-P., & Berg, C. J. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.12.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Attitudes Toward Secondhand Smoke, Smoking, and Quitting Among Young People
Glantz, S. A., & Jamieson, P. E. (2000) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.106.6.e82 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Syamlal, G., Mazurek, J. M., Hendricks, S. A., & Jamal, A. (2014) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu185 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Exploring the seasonality of cigarette-smoking behaviour: Table 1
Momperousse, D., Delnevo, C. D., & Lewis, M. J. (2007) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2006.018135 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Levy, D. T., Friend, K. B., & Polishchuk, E. (2001) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.10.4.345 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Myung, S., Seo, H. G., Cheong, Y. S., Park, S., Lee, W. B., & Fong, G. T. (2011) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20110026 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Haddock, C. K., Taylor, J. E., Hoffman, K., Poston, W. S. C., Peterson, A. L., Lando, H. A., & Shelton, S. (2009) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.070919100 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Meeker, J. D., Missmer, S. A., Cramer, D. W., & Hauser, R. B. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del406 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Blanco, L., García, R., Pérez‐Stable, E. J., White, M. M., Messer, K. S., Pierce, J. P., & Trinidad, D. R. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301844 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hardcore smoking among Italian men and women
Ferketich, A. K., Gallus, S., Colombo, P., Pacifici, R., Zuccaro, P., & Vecchia, C. L. (2009) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e32830c8d98 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Stark, M. J., Rohde, K., Maher, J. E., Pizacani, B. A., Dent, C. W., Bard, R. S., Carmella, S. G., Benoit, A. R., Thomson, N. M., & Hecht, S. S. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.094086 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Creating Smoke-Free Environments in Recreational Settings
Giles‐Corti, B., Clarkson, J. P., Donovan, R. J., Frizzell, S. K., Carroll, A. M., Pikora, T., & Jalleh, G. (2001) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019810102800308 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Passing a Smoke-Free Law in a Pro-Tobacco Culture: A Multiple Streams Approach
Greathouse, L., Hahn, E. J., Okoli, C. T. C., Warnick, T. A., & Riker, C. A. (2005) · Policy Politics & Nursing Practice · doi:10.1177/1527154405278775 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Effectiveness of smoke-free policies
Pierce, J. P., & Leon, M. E. (2008) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70167-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Brown, J. E., Demou, E., Tristram, M. A., Gilmour, H., Sanati, K. A., & Macdonald, E. B. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-327 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Knowledge Synthesis of Smoking Cessation Among Employed and Unemployed Young Adults
Bader, P., Travis, H. E., & Skinner, H. A. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.100909 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hotel workers’ substance use and abuse
Belhassen, Y., & Shani, A. (2012) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.03.011 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Changes in smoking among restaurant and bar employees following Norway's comprehensive smoking ban
Braverman, M. T., Aaro, L. E., & Hetland, J. (2007) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dam041 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Factors associated with smoke‐free homes in NSW: results from the 1998 NSW Health Survey
Merom, D., & Rissel, C. E. (2001) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00590.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Gilpin, E. A., & Pierce, J. P. (2002) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/1462220021000032708 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lifetime Cumulative Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Never Smokers
Stranges, S. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.18.1961 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gilpin, E. A., Messer, K. S., White, M. M., & Pierce, J. P. (2006) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2005.015370 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
What Are the Effects of Tobacco Policies on Vulnerable Populations?
Greaves, L., Johnson, J. L., Bottorff, J. L., Kirkland, S., Jategaonkar, N., McGowan, M., McCullough, L., & Battersby, L. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405610 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Are Tobacco Control Policies Effective in Reducing Young Adult Smoking?
Farrelly, M. C., Loomis, B. R., Kuiper, N. M., Han, B., Gfroerer, J., Caraballo, R. S., Pechacek, T. F., & Couzens, G. L. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.09.015 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationA Comprehensive Model for Mental Health Tobacco Recovery in New Jersey
Williams, J. M., Zimmermann, M. H., Steinberg, M. L., Gandhi, K. K., Delnevo, C., Steinberg, M. B., & Foulds, J. (2010) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0324-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Tobacco industry allegations of "illegal lobbying" and state tobacco control
Bialous, S. A., Fox, B. J., & Glantz, S. A. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.1.62 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Interventions for preventing tobacco smoking in public places
Serra, C., Cabezas, C., Bonfill, X., & Pladevall, M. (2000) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001294 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
RetractedCorrelates of household smoking bans among Chinese Americans
Shelley, D., Fahs, M. C., Yerneni, R., Qu, J., & Burton, D. (2006) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200500431825 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Actual and perceived impacts of tobacco regulation on restaurants and firms
Crémieux, P., & Ouellette, P. (2001) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.10.1.33 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Longitudinal Associations of Smoke-Free Policies and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Mayne, S. L., Widome, R., Carroll, A. J., Schreiner, P. J., Gordon‐Larsen, P., Jacobs, D. R., & Kershaw, K. N. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.032302 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Social determinants of tobacco use: towards an equity lens approach
Mentis, A. A. (2017) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/68836 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Okechukwu, C. A., Bacic, J. D., Cheng, K., & Catalano, R. A. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.035 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.154559 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Effects of wages on smoking decisions of current and past smokers
Du, J., & Leigh, J. P. (2015) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.016 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The effect of the Irish smoke-free workplace legislation on smoking among bar workers
Mullally, B. J., Greiner, B. A., Allwright, S., Paul, G., & Perry, I. J. (2009) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The behavioral economics of reinforcement pathologies: Novel approaches to addictive disorders.
Bickel, W. K., Jarmolowicz, D. P., MacKillop, J. M., Epstein, L. H., Carr, K. A., Mueller, E. T., & Waltz, T. J. (2012) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/13750-014 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Houle, B. C., & Siegel, M. (2009) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2008.026229 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Osypuk, T. L., Kawachi, I. I., Subramanian, S. V., & Acevedo‐García, D. (2006) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/003335490612100512 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Secondary exposure to inhaled tobacco products
Larsson, M. L. (2008) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Farrelly, M. C., Evans, W. N., & Sfekas, A. E. S.
- Affiliations
- RTI International (US)
- Corresponding author
- Farrelly, M. C
- Venue
- Tobacco Control
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1999-09-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 272-277
- ISSN
- 0964-4563 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1763942
- OpenAlex
- W2118380397
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Tobacco Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- workplace smoking bans, smoke-free workplaces, smoking prevalence, cigarette consumption, environmental tobacco smoke, indoor workers, workplace smoking policy
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Tobacco Use Disorder, United States, Prevalence, Smoking Cessation, Workplace
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
