The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 7 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Individuals with chronic diseases and parent caregivers are at increased risk for symptoms of depression and anxiety. Prevalence of psychological symptoms was evaluated in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and parent caregivers across nine countries. METHODS: Patients with CF, ages 12 years and older, and caregivers of children with CF, birth to18 years of age, completed measures of depression and anxiety across 154 CF centres in Europe and the USA. Psychological symptoms were compared across countries using χ(2). Logistic regression examined extent of comorbid symptoms, predictors of depression and anxiety, and concordance between parent and adolescent symptomatology. RESULTS: Psychological symptoms were reported by 6088 patients with CF and 4102 parents. Elevated symptoms of depression were found in 10% of adolescents, 19% of adults, 37% of mothers and 31% of fathers. Elevations in anxiety were found in 22% of adolescents, 32% of adults, 48% of mothers and 36% of fathers. Overall, elevations were 2-3 times those of community samples. Participants reporting elevated anxiety were more likely to report depression (ORs: adolescents=14.97, adults=13.64, mothers=15.52, fathers=9.20). Significant differences in reports of depression and anxiety were found by patient age and parent respondent. Concordance between 1122 parent-teen dyads indicated that adolescents whose parents reported depression were more likely to be elevated on depression (OR=2.32). Similarly, adolescents whose parents reported anxiety were more likely to score in the elevated range on the anxiety measure (OR=2.22). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of depression and anxiety were elevated in both patients with CF and parents across several European countries and the USA. Annual screening of psychological symptoms is recommended for both patients and parents.
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Claims the paper makes
77 Own result · 12 No full text of the sources · 7 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 4 Partly supported · 4 Sources not found · 1 Supported so far · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“rates of anxiety from 30% to 33%.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Why read on?
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [8] Havermans, 2008, Quality of life in patients with Cystic Fibrosis: association with anxiety and depression, J Cyst Fibros sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 3.2 (HADS) reports that 18 of 57 adult patients with cystic fibrosis (30%) scored in the borderline/clinical anxiety category. Our copy does not report a 33% rate, so it supports the lower end of the stated range but not the upper end. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Supportedcites [10] Yohannes, 2012, Relationship between anxiety, depression, and quality of life in adult patients with cystic fibrosis, Respir Care source
The Introduction reports that 30% of adults with cystic fibrosis in an earlier study scored with anxiety symptoms. The paper’s Anxiety in Adult CF Subjects section reports anxiety symptoms in 33% of its own adult sample. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Instead, the vast majority of items on the HADS-D measured anhedonia (72%), which represents lack of enjoyment and pleasure in activities.36”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [36] American Psychiatric Association, 2013 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Symptoms and patterns passage (section dated 11 September 2026; no page given) describes loss of pleasure or interest in activities, supporting the sentence’s explanation of anhedonia. It does not discuss HADS-D items or report that 72% measure anhedonia; searches for those terms found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Elevations in anxiety were found in 22% of adolescents, 32% of adults, 48% of mothers and 36% of fathers.”
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
“Symptoms of anxiety were prevalent in patients and parents: adolescents 22%, adults 32%, mothers 48% and fathers 36% (see table 1 and figure 1).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Elevations in anxiety were found in 22% of adolescents, 32% of adults, 48% of mothers and 36% of fathers.”
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
“Symptoms of anxiety were prevalent in patients and parents: adolescents 22%, adults 32%, mothers 48% and fathers 36% (see table 1 and figure 1).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Elevated symptoms of depression were found in 10% of adolescents, 19% of adults, 37% of mothers and 31% of fathers.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants reporting elevated anxiety were more likely to report depression (ORs: adolescents=14.97,adults=13.64,mothers=15.52,fathers=9.20).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants reporting elevated anxiety were more likely to report depression (ORs: adolescents=14.97,adults=13.64,mothers=15.52,fathers=9.20).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Elevations in anxiety were found in 22% of adolescents, 32% of adults, 48% of mothers and 36% of fathers.”
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
“Symptoms of anxiety were prevalent in patients and parents: adolescents 22%, adults 32%, mothers 48% and fathers 36% (see table 1 and figure 1).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants reporting elevated anxiety were more likely to report depression (ORs: adolescents=14.97,adults=13.64,mothers=15.52,fathers=9.20).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Elevations in anxiety were found in 22% of adolescents, 32% of adults, 48% of mothers and 36% of fathers.”
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
“Symptoms of anxiety were prevalent in patients and parents: adolescents 22%, adults 32%, mothers 48% and fathers 36% (see table 1 and figure 1).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety · plain
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Psychological distress in patients with CF has been associated with a number of negative consequences and health outcomes, including worse adherence, 7 14 worse pulmonary function, 10 15 increased hospitalisations and healthcare costs, 16 and decreased health-related quality of life.8 9”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Why read on?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] Smith, 2010, Depressive symptoms in children with cystic fibrosis and parents and its effects on adherence to airway clearance, Pediatr Pulmonol source
- Partly supportedcites [14] Grenard, 2011, Depression and medication adherence in the treatment of chronic diseases in the United States: a meta-analysis, J Gen Intern Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report a significant association between depression and worse medication adherence across chronic diseases. The citation to this paper is attached to “worse adherence,” not the sentence’s other outcomes. Our copy does not establish that association specifically in patients with cystic fibrosis. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Supportedcites [10] Yohannes, 2012, Relationship between anxiety, depression, and quality of life in adult patients with cystic fibrosis, Respir Care source
The citation to this paper is attached to decreased health-related quality of life, not to the sentence’s separate claims about adherence, hospitalisations, or costs. The Discussion reports that anxiety and depression in adults with CF were associated with impaired quality of life; it does not establish a causal direction. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Among parent caregivers, elevations in psychological distress have also been found, with depression ranging from 20% to 35%.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Why read on?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] Smith, 2010, Depressive symptoms in children with cystic fibrosis and parents and its effects on adherence to airway clearance, Pediatr Pulmonol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Latchford, 2013, Screening for depression in a single CF centre, J Cyst Fibros source
- Supportedcites [12] Besier, 2011, Anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction in parents caring for children with cystic fibrosis, Pediatr Pulmonol source
The Pediatric Pulmonology introductory passage reports high psychological distress among parents caring for children with cystic fibrosis and elevated depressive symptoms in 23% of fathers and 35% of mothers, consistent with the approximate 20%–35% range. The “Depressive symptoms in parents” section cautions that prevalence depends on the screening cutoff used; these figures describe elevated symptoms, not clinical diagnoses. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For adults with CF, rates of depression have ranged from 13% to 30%”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Why read on?
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [8] Havermans, 2008, Quality of life in patients with Cystic Fibrosis: association with anxiety and depression, J Cyst Fibros sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 3.2 (HADS; page not provided) reports that 13% of the adult CF patients scored in the borderline/clinical category for depression. Its 30% figure refers to anxiety, not depression, so the claimed upper end of the depression range is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Riekert, 2007, The association between depression, lung function, and health-related quality of life among adults with cystic fibrosis, Chest source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CES-D=52%”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Prevalence of symptoms of depression
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistically significant differences were found by age, with 22% of adolescents vs. 32% of adults (p<0.001)reporting elevations in anxiety above the cut-off score”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of depression varied depending on age and screening tool: adolescents 5%-19%, adults 13%-29%, mothers 20%-34% and fathers 18%-25% (table 1 and figure 1).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Prevalence of symptoms of depression
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses by country indicated high rates of anxiety among patients (mean 30%), with moderate variability across countries (14%-35%; Turkey falls within this range).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of anxiety were also elevated in patients and caregivers, with 30% of patients and 36%-48% of parents above the clinical cut-off.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“comparisons indicated that the HADS-D underestimated symptoms of depression by a factor of two.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > DISCUSSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have indicated that children and adults with chronic diseases, as well as parent caregivers, are at increased risk for depression and anxiety.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1][2][3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies evaluating depression and anxiety in patients with CF have generally found a high prevalence of psychological distress.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > INTRODUCTION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic, life-limiting chronic disease among Caucasian populations”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Sawicki, 2011, Longitudinal assessment of health-related quality of life in an observational cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis, Pediatr Pulmonol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In analyses that pooled data across countries, this nesting was accounted for by including country as a fixed effect (i.e., different intercept for each country) in the models.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Nesting of participants within country
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because few participant responses were missing, this was unlikely to significantly bias the results, and we opted to use complete cases in all analyses.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Missing data
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has extensive reliability and validity data, and was designed specifically for patients with chronic medical conditions (i.e., removal of somatic items).”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [18] Zigmond, 1983, The hospital anxiety and depression scale, Acta Psychiatric Scand source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The CES-D is a well-established self-report measure of depressive symptomatology for community samples.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Radloff, 1991, The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults, J Youth Adolesc source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“requires a treatment regimen that takes between 2 and 4 h per day.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Sawicki, 2011, Longitudinal assessment of health-related quality of life in an observational cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis, Pediatr Pulmonol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It has 20 items measuring symptoms of depression that reflect diagnostic criteria on the DSM-IV and has correlated well with diagnostic interviews.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Radloff, 1991, The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults, J Youth Adolesc source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study protocols were approved by national and local ethics committees or institutional review boards at all CF centres.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > METHODS Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“37% of mothers and 31% of fathers reported clinically elevated depression, which is three times the rate in community samples.23 24”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Martin, 2006, Validity of the brief patient health questionnaire mood scale (PHQ-9) in the general population, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] Pignone, 2002, Screening for depression in adults: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force, Ann Intern Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is possible that this sample is not representative of the larger international population.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Limitations and future directions
hedgedn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As found in prior studies, comorbidity of anxious and depressive symptoms within individuals was high, suggesting that elevations in anxiety confer a heightened risk for depression.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recent evidence has clearly shown that this screening tool has significant problems, including lack of sensitivity, underestimation of symptoms and a threefactor, rather than two-factor structure, and is not recommended for screening.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33][34][35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results highlight the importance of measuring and treating mental health issues in patients and families coping with serious, chronic illnesses.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Limitations and future directions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
Prior studies of depression and anxiety in cystic fibrosis have been limited by small sample sizes and different screening or diagnostic tools, making interpretation of the results difficult.
“however, these studies have been limited by small sample sizes and different screening or diagnostic tools, which have made interpretation of the results difficult.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The majority of studies have only assessed symptoms of depression but not anxiety in cystic fibrosis.
“Additionally, the majority of studies have only assessed symptoms of depression but not anxiety.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale includes items representing the full spectrum of depressive symptoms underlying the construct.
“By contrast, the CES-D included items representing the full spectrum of depressive symptoms underlying this construct.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These results are similar to those found in the TIDES study [12], in which only IVs and other markers of pulmonary exacerbations and events, such as hemoptysis, were related to depression and anxiety.”
From Rates of depression and anxiety in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: Implementation of the Mental Health Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Like most chronic conditions, PwCF and their families are at greater risk of mental health issues due to multiple factors (22).”
From Virtual monitoring in CF – the importance of continuous monitoring in a multi-organ chronic condition (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Elevated symptoms of anxiety were found in 32% of adults, 22% of adolescents, 48% of mothers and 36% of fathers [12].”
From Rates of depression and anxiety in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: Implementation of the Mental Health Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the largest mental health screening study to date in nine countries, which included 6088 individuals with CF and 4102 parent caregivers, a substantial proportion reported elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety.Elevated symptoms of depression were found in 19% of adults, 10% of adolescents, 37% of mothers and 31% of fathers.”
From Rates of depression and anxiety in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: Implementation of the Mental Health Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These Italian prevalence statistics are higher than those published in the TIDES study [12] most likely because the screening tools recommended in the guidelines are more sensitive to these symptoms [33].”
From Rates of depression and anxiety in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: Implementation of the Mental Health Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These results converge with those reported in the TIDES study [12], and suggest that both depression and anxiety should be a focus of interventions.”
From Rates of depression and anxiety in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: Implementation of the Mental Health Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Average lung function for the sample of 113 adults was 76% predicted (SD = 23), which is substantially higher than the average lung function reported by both the Quon et al.'s in the US [34] and the TIDES study [12].”
From Rates of depression and anxiety in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: Implementation of the Mental Health Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the Quon study of adults, mean FEV 1 % pred was 54.8% and in the TIDES study across 9 countries, mean lung function for adults was 62.3% pred.”
From Rates of depression and anxiety in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: Implementation of the Mental Health Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Anxiety and depressive symptoms are 2 to 3 times more common among individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) than the general population [1]”
From ACT with CF: A telehealth and in-person feasibility study to address anxiety and depressive symptoms among people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that previous studies found symptoms of depression were elevated in people with CF, with Quittner et al. [20] reporting that among 6088 patients with CF, 5–19% of adolescents and 13–29% of adults had elevated symptoms of depression.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While people with CF experience depression and anxiety at a rate 2-3 × greater than the general population [20]”
From Real-world safety and effectiveness of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis: Interim results of a long-term registry-based study (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Predictors of depression and anxiety
“Characteristics associated with elevated symptoms of anxiety were: older age, being female, lower BMI, lower FEV 1 , haemoptysis/pneumothorax, listed for transplant, taking psychiatric medications and receiving psychotherapy.”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Limitations and future directions
“| BMI | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.04) | 0.793 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) | 0.003 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.504 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) | 0.530 | | | |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Abstract
“adolescents whose parents reported depression were more likely to be elevated on depression (OR=2.32)”
§ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of The International Depression Epidemiological Study across nine countries > Concordance between parent and adolescent depression and anxiety
“adolescents were 2.39 times more likely be above the cut-off for depression if at least one of their parents had elevated symptoms”
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Self-citationThe psychological burden of cystic fibrosis
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Self-citationDaines, C. L., Tullis, E., Costa, S., Linnemann, R. W., Mall, M. A., McKone, E. F., Polineni, D., Quon, B. S., Ringshausen, F. C., Rowe, S. M., et al. (2023) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02029-2022 · Cited by 100
Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis and their mothers
Şenkalfa, B., Eyüboğlu, T. Ş., Aslan, A. T., Gürsoy, T. R., Soysal, A. Ş., Yapar, D., & ILHAN, M. N. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24900 · Cited by 90
Goodfellow, N. A., Hawwa, A. F., Reid, A. J. M., Horne, R., Shields, M. D., & McElnay, J. C. (2015) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0038-7 · Cited by 93
Burgel, P., Southern, K. W., Addy, C., Battezzati, A., Berry, C. A., Bouchara, J., Brokaar, E. J., Brown, A. W., Azevedo, P., Durieu, I., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2024.01.005 · Cited by 101
“These include significant mental health issues around diagnosis, especially when this is unexpected, as is often the case following newborn bloodspot screening [142 – 144].”
BackgroundKnudsen, K. B., Pressler, T., Mortensen, L. H., Jarden, M., Skov, M., Quittner, A. L., Katzenstein, T. L., & Boisen, K. A. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2862-5 · Cited by 78
“These Danish results are similar to the highest rates reported in TIDES study, with rates of 29 % reported at centers using the CES-D as a screening tool (Quittner et al. 2014b).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationHenkle, E. M., Aksamit, T. R., BARKER, A. R., Daley, C. L., Griffith, D. E., Leitman, P., Leitman, A., Malanga, E., Marras, T. K., Olivier, K. N., et al. (2016) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201605-387ws · Cited by 77
Self-citationTalwalkar, J. S., Koff, J. L., Lee, H. B., Britto, C. J., Mulenos, A. M., & Georgiopoulos, A. M. (2017) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2017.04.001 · Cited by 80
Factors associated with anxiety in family caregivers of children with chronic diseases
Toledano-Toledano, F., & Moral de la Rubia, J. (2018) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-018-0139-7 · Cited by 77
Grossoehme, D. H., Szczesniak, R. D., Britton, L., Siracusa, C. M., Quittner, A. L., Chini, B. A., Dimitriou, S. M., & Seid, M. (2015) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201408-379oc · Cited by 76
Self-citationParental Depression and Pancreatic Enzymes Adherence in Children With Cystic Fibrosis
Barker, D., & Quittner, A. L. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2296 · Cited by 78
Self-citationDecreased survival in cystic fibrosis patients with a positive screen for depression
Schechter, M. S., Ostrenga, J. S., Fink, A. K., Barker, D. H., Sawicki, G. S., & Quittner, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2020.07.020 · Cited by 71
Self-citationSouthern, K. W., Castellani, C., Lammertyn, E. J., Smyth, A. R., VanDevanter, D. R., Koningsbruggen-Rietschel, S. V., Barben, J., Bevan, A., Brokaar, E. J., Collins, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2022.10.002 · Cited by 77
Self-citationSocioeconomic Status, Smoke Exposure, and Health Outcomes in Young Children With Cystic Fibrosis
Ong, T., Schechter, M. S., Yang, J., Peng, L., Emerson, J., Gibson, R. L., Morgan, W. J., Rosenfeld, M., & for the EPIC Study Group (2017) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2730 · Cited by 69
The Changing Epidemiology of Cystic Fibrosis
Burgel, P., Burnet, E., Regard, L., & Martin, C. (2022) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2022.07.004 · Cited by 67
Iturralde, E., Adams, R. N., Barley, R. C., Bensen, R., Christofferson, M., Hanes, S. J., Maahs, D. M., Milla, C. E., Naranjo, D. M., Shah, A. C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.030 · Cited by 63
Cronly, J., Duff, A. J. A., Riekert, K. A., Fitzgerald, T., Perry, I. J., Lehane, E. A., Horgan, A. M., Howe, B., Chróinín, M. N., & Savage, E. (2018) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.06356 · Cited by 61
Self-citationQuittner, A. L., Abbott, J., Hussain, S. B., Ong, T., Uluer, A., Hempstead, S. E., Lomas, P., & Smith, B. A. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24949 · Cited by 60
“The TIDES study was the major impetus for integrating mental health into the specialized medical care for people with CF, given that rates of depression and anxiety were two to three times higher than those found in community samples.(1) Thus, these results led the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) and the European Cys…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationElexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Treatment and Depression-related Events
Ramsey, B. W., Correll, C. U., DeMaso, D. R., McKone, E. F., Tullis, E. D., Taylor‐Cousar, J. L., Chu, C., Volkova, N. V., Ahluwalia, N., Waltz, D., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202308-1525oc · Cited by 57
“…to account for the well-acknowledged high background prevalence of depression symptoms and depression-related events (suicidal ideation, attempts) in the CF population, with the prevalence of depression symptoms estimated to be two to three times higher than that in the general population (22, 23).”
BackgroundAbbott, J., Elborn, J. S., Georgiopoulos, A. M., Goldbeck, L., Marshall, B. C., Sabadosa, K. A., Smith, B. A., & Quittner, A. L. (2015) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.015 · Cited by 61
Self-citationToledano‐Toledano, F., de la Rubia, J. M., Guedea, M. T. D., Nabors, L., Eguiarte, B. E. B., Rocha-Pérez, E., Luna, D., Leyva-López, A., & Rivera-Rivera, L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17217765 · Cited by 53
“Regarding concurrent validity, the hypothesis was a direct relationship between anxiety and depression with a moderate to high association since both are negative affects [7,11]; in addition, a mixed syndrome of anxiety and depression was expected, in which both types of symptoms overlap [37].”
BackgroundUhlenbusch, N., Swaydan, J., Höller, A., Löwe, B., & Depping, M. K. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721003792 · Cited by 58
Anxiety Contributes to Poorer Asthma Outcomes in Inner-City Black Adolescents
Shams, M. R., Bruce, A. C., & Fitzpatrick, A. M. (2018) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.06.034 · Cited by 53
“A recent analysis of adolescents with cystic fibrosis similarly identified an anxiety prevalence of 22% overall, 37 with higher prevalence in girls than boys.”
BackgroundBathgate, C. J., Muther, E., Georgiopoulos, A. M., et al. (2023) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.26527 · Cited by 51
“been reported in pwCF, given that these studies were conducted before COVID pandemic.(13) This study represents a first step in systematically documenting healthcare provider observations on the positive and negative experiences of pwCF who have started ETI.”
MethodSelf-citationPediatric Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: An Update and Review
Becker, J. E., Smith, J. R., & Hazen, E. P. (2020) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2020.04.015 · Cited by 55
“[60] [61] [62] [63] For instance, the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation and European Cystic Fibrosis Society recently partnered to produce consensus guidelines on implementing developmentally-appropriate psychoeducation and screening for anxiety and depression in CF patients and their caregivers, as well as recommendati…”
BackgroundPiehler, L., Thalemann, R., Lehmann, C., Thee, S. A., Roehmel, J. F., Syunyaeva, Z., Stahl, M., Mall, M. A., & Graeber, S. Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1179208 · Cited by 53
“In adult patients with CF, symptoms of depression are observed in ~20% and symptoms of anxiety in ~30%, which is about 2-fold higher than in the general population (~10% and ~15%, respectively) (Martin et al., 2006; Goldbeck et al., 2010; Besier and Goldbeck, 2011; Ploessl et al., 2014; Quittner et al., 2014; Graziano…”
BackgroundResultA Roadmap to Emotional Health for Children and Families With Chronic Pediatric Conditions
Pickles, D. M., Lihn, S. L., Boat, T. F., & Lannon, C. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1324 · Cited by 50
Lord, L., McKernon, D., Grzeskowiak, L. E., Kirsa, S. W., & Ilomäki, J. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02307-w · Cited by 49
Current evidence and opportunities in child and adolescent public mental health: a research review
Fazel, M. S., & Soneson, E. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13889 · Cited by 59
Lanzkron, S., Sawicki, G. S., Hassell, K. L., Konstan, M. W., Liem, R. I., & McColley, S. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2018.338 · Cited by 49
“Depression and anxiety disorders among people with CF increases during adolescence [24, 37].”
BackgroundGraziano, S., Boldrini, F., Righelli, D., Milo, F., Lucidi, V., Quittner, A. L., & Tabarini, P. (2021) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25413 · Cited by 49
Self-citationManagement of neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
Baroud, E., Chaudhary, N., & Georgiopoulos, A. M. (2023) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.26412 · Cited by 52
Fidika, A., Herle, M., & Goldbeck, L. (2014) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-205 · Cited by 46
“According to the international TIDES study involving nine countries [13], 10% of adolescents and 19% of adults with CF reported elevated symptoms of depression.”
MethodO'Donovan, C., Painter, L., Lowe, B., Robinson, H., & Broadbent, E. (2015) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951114002728 · Cited by 45
Hester, K. L. M., Newton, J. L., Rapley, T., & Soyza, A. D. (2018) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-018-0633-5 · Cited by 45
“In cystic fibrosis, depression and anxiety rates are higher than in the general population, and therefore annual screening is recommended [20, 21].”
BackgroundGruet, M., SAYNOR, Z. L., Urquhart, D. S., & Radtke, T. (2021) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2021.08.004 · Cited by 53
Faint, N. R., Staton, J. M., Stick, S. M., Foster, J. M., & Schultz, A. (2017) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.13458 · Cited by 42
Ibrahim, H., Danish, H., Morrissey, D. J., Deasy, K. F., McCarthy, M. J. H., Dorgan, J., Fleming, C., Howlett, C., Twohig, S., Vagg, T., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1156621 · Cited by 42
“, 2014), along with 22% of CF adolescents and 32% of CF adults experiencing anxiety (Quittner et al., 2014).”
BackgroundOrganization of Patient Management and Fungal Epidemiology in Cystic Fibrosis
Schwarz, C., Bouchara, J.-P., Buzina, W., Chrenková, V., Dmeńska, H., de la Pedrosa, E. G. G., Cantón, R., Fiscarelli, E. V., Govic, Y. L., Kondori, N., et al. (2017) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/s11046-017-0205-x · Cited by 45
“[17], psychological symptoms were reported from 6088 patients with CF and 4102 parents.”
BackgroundRegulation of CFTR Biogenesis by the Proteostatic Network and Pharmacological Modulators
Estabrooks, S. K., & Brodsky, J. L. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21020452 · Cited by 44
“Finally, approximately one-quarter of all CF adults report suffering from depression or anxiety [22,23], indicating that this disease not only takes a physical toll upon those afflicted, but a psychological one as well.”
BackgroundThe fibrinolytic system: A new target for treatment of depression with psychedelics
Idell, R. D., Florova, G., Komissarov, A. A., Shetty, S., Girard, R., & Idell, S. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.013 · Cited by 40
“Additionally, patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have been shown to have increased incidence of depression and anxiety [39].”
BackgroundMental Health screening in cystic fibrosis centres across Europe
Abbott, J., Havermans, T., Järvholm, S., Landau, E., Prins, Y., Smrekar, U., Staab, D., Verity, L., & Verkleij, M. (2018) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2018.09.003 · Cited by 40
Self-citationKavalieratos, D., Georgiopoulos, A. M., Dhingra, L. K., Basile, M. J., Rabinowitz, E. C., Hempstead, S. E., Faro, A., & Dellon, E. P. (2020) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2020.0311 · Cited by 41
“Caregiving brings countless rewards but also substantial emotional and financial tolls; thus, attention to caregiver needs is critical.(13,47) Caregiver concerns may include worries about the individual with CF, feeling overwhelmed or depressed, distress around medical decision making, inability to attend to one’s own…”
BackgroundDevelopment and evaluation of a palliative care curriculum for cystic fibrosis healthcare providers
Linnemann, R. W., O’Malley, P. J., Friedman, D., Georgiopoulos, A. M., Buxton, D., Altstein, L. L., Sicilian, L., Lapey, A., Sawicki, G. S., & Moskowitz, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2015.03.005 · Cited by 40
“With this increased life expectancy [1], patients with CFmust now cope with a more chronic burden of symptoms and treatments, including distressing symptoms such as pain, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, depression, and anxiety [2–4].”
BackgroundSmith, B. A., Georgiopoulos, A. M., Mueller, A., Abbott, J., Lomas, P., Aliaj, E., & Quittner, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2021.08.027 · Cited by 40
“Depression and anxiety are two to four times more prevalent n people with CF (pwCF) than the general population, according o a study of 6088 pwCF ages 12 years through adulthood and 102 parent caregivers across nine countries [1] .”
BackgroundSelf-citationKramer‐Golinkoff, E., Camacho, A., Kramer, L., & Taylor‐Cousar, J. L. (2022) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25859 · Cited by 42
“Importantly, respondents were clear that beyond the burden of disease, as reported by others, the psychosocial impacts of living with CF for pwCF and for their caregivers are profound.(18) Furthermore, the psychological impact of the burden and worry that having CF has on daily life has been compounded by the differen…”
BackgroundLongitudinal Effects of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor
Graziano, S., Boldrini, F., Pellicano, G. R., Milo, F., Majo, F., Cristiani, L., Montemitro, E., Alghisi, F., Bella, S., Cutrera, R., et al. (2023) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2023.10.043 · Cited by 42
Self-citationPsychological resilience and intolerance of uncertainty in coping with cystic fibrosis
Mitmansgruber, H., Smrekar, U., Rabanser, B., Beck, T. N., Eder, J., & Ellemunter, H. (2015) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2015.11.011 · Cited by 50
“For example, the TIDES-study with 6088 adolescents and adults across nine countries [15] found a prevalence of anxiety and depression that is 2–3 times that of community samples, whereas the UK subsample of this group (2065 patients, [4]) found rates comparable to the general population.”
MethodCaregiver burden and vocational participation among parents of adolescents with CF
Neri, L., Lucidi, V., Catastini, P., Colombo, C., & the LINFA Study Group (2015) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.23352 · Cited by 45
“However, the generizability of results is supported by the consistency of the clinical characteristics of our patients with previous studies of the Italian CF pediatric population.(3,36) In conclusion, our study demonstrates that caregiving burden is a relevant and a frequent issue among parents of children with CF.”
ResultSelf-citationPsychosocial well-being in Dutch adults with disorders of sex development
de Neve-Enthoven, N. G. M., Callens, N., van Kuyk, M., van Kuppenveld, J. H., Drop, S. L. S., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., & Dessens, A. B. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.005 · Cited by 39
Maintaining mental health and function for the long run in cystic fibrosis
Smith, B. A., Georgiopoulos, A. M., & Quittner, A. L. (2016) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.23522 · Cited by 39
“A recent multinational study across nine countries, including the US, measured symptoms of depression and anxiety in over 6,000 adolescents and adults with CF and 4,200 parent caregivers.(9) The results indicated that both individuals with CF and parents had a prevalence of psychological distress 2–3 times higher than…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationVerkleij, M., de Winter, D., Hurley, M. A., & Abbott, J. (2018) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2018.02.005 · Cited by 37
Self-citationGraziano, S., Spanò, B., Majo, F., Righelli, D., Vincenzina, L., Quittner, A., & Tabarini, P. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106147 · Cited by 40
Self-citationIntegrated Behavioral Health Care in Pediatric Subspecialty Clinics
Samsel, C. B., Ribeiro, M., Ibeziako, P. I., & DeMaso, D. R. (2017) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.06.004 · Cited by 37
Catastini, P., Di Marco, S., Furriolo, M., Genovese, C., Grande, A., Iacinti, E., Iusco, D. R., Nobili, R. M. V., Pescini, R., Ragni, R., et al. (2016) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.23566 · Cited by 36
“international study TIDES(6) as well as those of the international study TIDES itself.(5) These results were not confirmed with regard to the depression levels.”
ResultSelf-citationO'Hayer, C. V., O'Loughlin, C. M., Nurse, C. N., Smith, P. J., & Stephen, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.013 · Cited by 34
Fathers’ experiences of their child’s life-limiting condition: An attachment narrative perspective
Bailey-Pearce, O., Stedmon, J., Dallos, R., et al. (2017) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104517730115 · Cited by 35
“Research has shown that children with a life-limiting illness and their parents are more likely to experience mental health difficulties than community samples (Quittner et al., 2014).”
Cronly, J., Duff, A. J. A., Riekert, K. A., Perry, I. J., Fitzgerald, T., Horgan, A. M., Lehane, E. A., Howe, B., Chróinín, M. N., & Savage, E. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019305 · Cited by 35
“In the TIDES international study, all data collection was paper-based.(4) Therefore, our study draws attention to the potential of online screening for depression and”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationWolff, J., Thomas, S. A., Hood, E., Bettis, A. H., Rizzo, C. J., & Liu, R. T. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.075 · Cited by 28
“, 2014), and parents and teens with chronic illness show concordance with regard to depression symptoms (Quittner et al., 2014).”
BackgroundA New Ethical Framework for Assessing the Unique Challenges of Fetal Therapy Trials
Hendriks, S., Grady, C., Wasserman, D., Wendler, D. S., Bianchi, D. W., & Berkman, B. E. (2021) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2020.1867932 · Cited by 35
Olveira, C., Solé, A., Girón, R. M., Quintana‐Gallego, E., Mondejar, P., Baranda, F., Alvarez, A., Prados, C., Rodríguez-González, J., Labarga, I. H., et al. (2016) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.02.002 · Cited by 34
“In patients with CF, these symptoms have been associated with worse adherence [12–19], worse pulmonary function [9,11,14,20,21], increased hospitalizations and health care costs [16,17,19], which implies that systematic screening should”
InfluentialSelf-citationPrevalence of severe fatigue among adults with cystic fibrosis: A single center study
der Vlist, M. M. N.-V., Burghard, M., Hulzebos, E. H. J., Doeleman, W. R., Heijerman, H. G. M., van der Ent, C. K., & Nijhof, S. L. (2018) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2018.03.003 · Cited by 34
“For example, depressive symptoms should clearly be taken into account, given that these symptoms are frequently correlated with fatigue in other patient populations, and given their increased prevalence among patients with CF [12].”
Dellon, E. P., Helms, S. W., Hailey, C. E., et al. (2018) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24073 · Cited by 34
“Consensus recommendations are available to guide assessment and treatment of anxiety and depression.(15) Prompt identification and treatment of both physical and emotional symptoms positively impacts adherence to therapies and quality of life.”
Backgroundvan den Hoven, A. T., Bons, L. R., Dykgraaf, R., Dessens, A. B., Pastoor, H., de Graaff, L. C. G., Metselaar, M., Kneppers-Swets, A., Kardys, I., Mijnarends, H., et al. (2020) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14166 · Cited by 34
The impact of rare diseases on the quality of life in paediatric patients: current status
Dumbuya, J. S., Zeng, C., Deng, L., Li, Y., Chen, X., Ahmad, B., & Lü, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1531583 · Cited by 45
Overcoming psychosocial challenges in cystic fibrosis: Promoting resilience
Muther, E., Polineni, D., & Sawicki, G. S. (2018) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24127 · Cited by 32
“Multiple studies of adherence rates in CF have identified adolescence and young adulthood as the periods of lowest adherence.(9,10) Adolescence is also a period of heightened developmental challenges, as youth are normally expected to develop independence from their parents.”
BackgroundWestcott, K. A., Wilkins, F. M., Chancellor, A., et al. (2021) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.7861/fhj.2020-0205 · Cited by 32
Evaluation of quality of life predictors in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis
Tomaszek, L., Dębska, G., Cepuch, G., Kulpa, M., Pawlik, L., & Broniatowska, E. (2018) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.08.003 · Cited by 32
Intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in cystic fibrosis impacts gut and multi-organ axes
Wrigley-Carr, H., van Dorst, J. M., & Ooi, C. Y. (2022) · Medicine in Microecology · doi:10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100057 · Cited by 31
Cystic Fibrosis Transitions of Care
Okumura, M. J., & Kleinhenz, M. E. (2015) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.11.007 · Cited by 31
“Toguideclinical practice, research, and policy, we then discuss the role of quality improvement initiatives as ameans to improve transition of care for patients with CF.”
BackgroundInfluentialGündoğdu, Ü., Fiş, N. P., Eralp, E. E., & Karadag, B. T. (2019) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24492 · Cited by 31
Friedman, D., Linnemann, R. W., Altstein, L. L., Islam, S., Bach, K., Lamb, C., Volpe, J., Doolittle, C., John, A. S., O’Malley, P. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2017.02.011 · Cited by 30
Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for people with cystic fibrosis
Ward, N., Stiller, K. R., & Holland, A. E. (2019) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1598861 · Cited by 31
“Adolescents and adults with CF have worse HRQOL and higher rates of symptomatic depression and anxiety compared to their age-matched peers [58,59].”
BackgroundPrevalence of unmet palliative care needs in adults with cystic fibrosis
Trandel, E. T., Pilewski, J. M., Dellon, E. P., Jeong, K., Yabes, J. G., Moreines, L. T., Arnold, R. M., Hoydich, Z., & Kavalieratos, D. (2019) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2019.11.010 · Cited by 28
Patient Science: Citizen Science Involving Chronically Ill People as Co-Researchers
Heyen, N. B., Gardecki, J., Eidt‐Koch, D., Schlangen, M., Pauly, S., Eickmeier, O., Wagner, T. O. F., & Bratan, T. (2022) · Journal of Participatory Research Methods · doi:10.35844/001c.35634 · Cited by 30
Wessels-Bakker, M. J., van de Graaf, E. A., Erp, J. M. K., Heijerman, H. G. M., Cahn, W., & Schappin, R. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15931 · Cited by 27
Thabrew, H., McDowell, H., Given, K., & Murrell, K. (2017) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x17690314 · Cited by 28
Novel therapeutic approaches for the management of cystic fibrosis
Jaques, R., Shakeel, A., & Hoyle, C. (2020) · Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.4081/mrm.2020.690 · Cited by 64
“symptoms of depression and anxiety in both individuals with CF and their caregivers [50,51].”
BackgroundAnxiety in Children with Cystic Fibrosis and Their Parents: A Systematic Review
Kimball, H., Douglas, T. A., Sanders, M. R., & Cobham, V. E. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-021-00345-5 · Cited by 28
Guta, M. T., Tekalign, T., Awoke, N., Fite, R. O., Dendir, G., & Lenjebo, T. L. (2021) · International Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1155/2021/6708865 · Cited by 29
“All of the included studies were cross-sectional studies, and the sample size ranged from 22 [28] to 2042 [22].”
BackgroundGinsburg, D. K., Salinas, D. B., Cosanella, T. M., Wee, C. P., Saeed, M. M., Keens, T. G., & Gold, J. I. (2022) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2022.12.002 · Cited by 28
Askew, K., Bamford, J., Hudson, N. A., et al. (2017) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.17-2-121 · Cited by 28
Yoga Therapy in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Decreases Immediate Anxiety and Joint Pain
McNamara, C., Johnson, M., Read, L., Velden, H. V., Thygeson, M. V., Liu, M., Gandrud, L. M., & McNamara, J. (2016) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2016/9429504 · Cited by 27
“These factors may contribute to decreased quality of life as well as decreased adherence to treatments [3, 4, 10, 27].”
BackgroundCox, N. S., Eldridge, B. J., Rawlings, S. L., Dreger, J., Corda, J., Hauser, J., Button, B., Bishop, J., Nichols, A., Middleton, A., et al. (2019) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-019-0942-3 · Cited by 27
Promoting emotional wellness in children with CF, part II: Mental health assessment and intervention
Georgiopoulos, A. M., Christon, L., Filigno, S. S., Mueller, A., Prieur, M. G., Boat, T. F., & Smith, B. A. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24977 · Cited by 27
Collaço, N., Legg, J. P., Day, M., Culliford, D. J., Campion, A., West, C., & Darlington, A. (2021) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25537 · Cited by 27
“Research has demonstrated that individuals with CF and their families experience high rates of clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with community samples.(17,18) There is also increasing evidence of the significant psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on individuals with CF.”
BackgroundAncel, J., Launois, C., Perotin, J., Ravoninjatovo, B., Mulette, P., Hagenburg, J., Malet, J., Griffon, M., Carré, S., Lebargy, F., et al. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10071351 · Cited by 27
“Current guidelines recommend an annual screening of these psychological disorders [29].”
BackgroundGrossoehme, D. H., Szczesniak, R. D., Mrug, S., Dimitriou, S. M., Marshall, A., & McPhail, G. L. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsw024 · Cited by 27
Verkleij, M., Georgiopoulos, A. M., & Friedman, D. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100372 · Cited by 26
“Moreover, untreated depression and anxiety in people with CF were found to have negative consequences for health-related quality of life (HrQoL), adherence, medical outcomes and healthcare costs (Quittner et al., 2014; Smith et al., 2010; Verkleij et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe feasibility of home monitoring of young people with cystic fibrosis: results from CLIMB-CF
Edmondson, C., Westrupp, N., Seddon, P., Olden, C., Wallis, C., Dawson, C., Brodlie, M., Baxter, F., McCormick, J., MacFarlane, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2021.09.018 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Quittner, A. L., Goldbeck, L., Abbott, J., Duff, A., Lambrecht, P., Solé, A., Tibosch, M. M., Bergsten Brucefors, A., Yüksel, H., Catastini, P., Blackwell, L., & Barker, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- University Hospital Ulm (DE)
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Manisa Celal Bayar University (TR)
- Meyer Children's Hospital (IT)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Quittner, Alexandra L
- ORCID
- Venue
- Thorax
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2014-09-21
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1090-1097
- ISSN
- 0040-6376 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3296
- OpenAlex
- W2107382266
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 23.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- thorax.bmj.com
- Locations
- Thorax (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (acceptedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- cystic fibrosis, depression, anxiety, parental caregivers, caregiver burden, adolescents, adults, comorbidities, cross-national comparison, psychological screening
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Child, Cystic Fibrosis, Depression, Europe, Family Health, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Turkey, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Caregivers, Young Adult
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