The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Design and methods of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This paper describes the methods and conceptual framework for Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data collection. The National Institutes of Health, through the National Institute on Drug Abuse, is partnering with the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products to conduct the PATH Study under a contract with Westat. METHODS: The PATH Study is a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of 45 971 adults and youth in the USA, aged 12 years and older. Wave 1 was conducted from 12 September 2013 to 15 December 2014 using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing to collect information on tobacco-use patterns, risk perceptions and attitudes towards current and newly emerging tobacco products, tobacco initiation, cessation, relapse behaviours and health outcomes. The PATH Study's design allows for the longitudinal assessment of patterns of use of a spectrum of tobacco products, including initiation, cessation, relapse and transitions between products, as well as factors associated with use patterns. Additionally, the PATH Study collects biospecimens from consenting adults aged 18 years and older and measures biomarkers of exposure and potential harm related to tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative, population-based data generated over time by the PATH Study will contribute to the evidence base to inform FDA's regulatory mission under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and efforts to reduce the Nation's burden of tobacco-related death and disease.
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“We used data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, which is a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort of adolescents.15”
From Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth. (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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RetractedDevelopment and validation of the Tobacco Use Individual-level Simulation and Tracking (TwIST) Model
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“The simulated population and parameter estimates in the model are informed by data from the PATH Study [16] and other nationally representative datasets.”
InfluentialPerez, P. M. V., Hill, L. D., Crooks, K. E., Sutherland, B. D., Laird, A. R., Trucco, E. M., & Sutherland, M. T. (2026) · Frontiers in Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.3389/fradm.2026.1741884
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“Further details about the PATH W7 Study design, methods, and reliability and validity of responses are published elsewhere 10,11,13,14 .”
Martino, S. C., Setodji, C., Dunbar, M. S., Torbatian, A., Jenson, D., & Shadel, W. (2026) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibag055
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Gueorguieva, R., & Iannario, M. (2025) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, · doi:10.1093/jrsssa/qnaf197
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“The present study drew on publicly accessible data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, collected between 2013 and 2021 (Hyland et al., 2017).”
Stanton, C. A., Tang, Z., Sharma, E., Anesetti‐Rothermel, A., Marshall, D., Park-Lee, E. Y., Silveira, M. L., Xiao, H., Deng, L., Lagasse, L. P., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096663
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Varenicline for Youth Nicotine Vaping Cessation-Reply.
Evins, A., Levy, S., & Schuster, R. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2025.11567
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“13 Each analytic cohort in the STOP model re fl ects the age and sex distributions of PATH Wave 5 and comprises 1 million simulated individuals to enhance robustness in simulated numbers for subgroups with low expected counts (based on observed data).”
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Powers, J. M., LaRowe, L. R., Rubenstein, D., Paice, J. A., Hitsman, B., & Rini, C. M. (2025) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.35905
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“All measures and definitions were based on those commonly used in national surveys on TNP use (eg, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health [PATH]) [39] and from a similar actual use study [33].”
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“Finally, our study had a longer timeframe than these four RCT studies due to the prospective cohort design of the PATH Study (Affret et al., 2020; Baskerville et al., 2018; Etter & Khazaal, 2022; Garrison et al., 2020; Hyland et al., 2017).”
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Three-part random effect models for longitudinal skewed survey data with “not applicable” responses
Buta, E., Simon, P., & Gueorguieva, R. (2025) · Journal of educational and behavioral statistics · doi:10.3102/10769986251318028
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InfluentialAdapting and applying tobacco dependence indicators to cannabis dependence.
Wellman, R. J., Strong, D., O'Loughlin, E., Sylvestre, M., & O'Loughlin, J. (2025) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112613
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Rizi, M. M., Dubin, J. A., & Wallace, M. P. (2024) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.10278
“To this end, we will analyze data from the PATH study [30], which provides a rich source of information on various tobacco-related behaviors andoutcomes.”
Branstetter, S. A. (2024) · Social Science and Humanities Journal · doi:10.18535/sshj.v8i11.1467
“Data for the current study come from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study 21 smoking status, number of cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence as indicated by the time to first cigarette of the day 22–24 ).”
Identifying predictors of multi-year cannabis vaping in U.S. Young adults using machine learning
Choe, S., Agley, J. D., Elam, K. K., Bidulescu, A., & Seo, D. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108167
Behavioral precursors of nicotine product use trajectories among youth
Buta, E., Gueorguieva, R., Simon, P., & Garrison, K. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.009
Adjei, A., Wilkinson, A. V., Chen, B., Mantey, D. S., & Harrell, M. B. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108075
Q‐Learning in Dynamic Treatment Regimes With Misclassified Binary Outcome
Liu, D., & He, W. (2024) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.10223
“Thisnationalandlongitudinalstudyexam-ines the prevalence of tobacco use and its impact on attitudes, behaviors and health over time in the United States [38].”
Atem, F. D., Bluestein, M. A., Chen, B.-J., Harrell, M. B., Messiah, S. E., Kuk, A., & Pérez, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1203631
“All youth who turned 18 years in the subsequent waves were invited to participate in the adult study, and their follow-up data as adults were included in the analyses (15, 16).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZavala-Arciniega, L., Cook, S., Hirschtick, J. L., Xie, Y.-M., Mukerjee, R., Arenberg, D., Barnes, G., Levy, D. T., Meza, R., & Fleischer, N. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3793149/v1
Estimation of network treatment effects with non-ignorable missing confounders
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Blair, A. L., Clawson, A. H., Keirns, N. G., Mullins, L., Chaney, J., & Cole, A. B. (2023) · Cannabis · doi:10.26828/cannabis/2023/000183
Ruppe, N. M., Clawson, A. H., Nwankwo, C. N., Traino, K. A., Bakula, D. M., Sharkey, C. M., & Mullins, L. L. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2223260 · Cited by 1
Edwards, K. C., Ozga, J. E., Reyes-Guzman, C. M., Smith, D. M., Hatsukami, D., Hart, J. L., Jackson, A., Goniewicz, M., & Stanton, C. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100487
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Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Smoking Relapse by Duration of Smoking Abstinence
Wang, Y., Duan, Z., Weaver, S. R., Self‐Brown, S., Ashley, D. L., Emery, S., Pechacek, T. F., & Huang, J. (2023) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2023.02.011
Lee, P. N., & Fry, J. (2023) · Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research · doi:10.2478/cttr-2023-0001
Rodrigues, N. B. (2023) · FIU Undergraduate Research Journal · doi:10.25148/urj.010326
“Adolescent Marijuana Use: Marijuana use was assessed at W1-V1 using one item adapted from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Survey (PATH; Hyland et al., 2016).”
MethodCharacterizing the use, preferences, and perceptions of flavors in cigars in pregnant women
Jao, N., Papandonatos, G., Stanfield, J., Borba, K., & Stroud, L. (2023) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2023.2170703
Braciszewski, J. M., Sala‐Hamrick, K., Zelenak, L., Gootee, J., Elsiss, F., Ottolini, J., Lanier, A., Colby, S. M., & Ahmedani, B. K. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-022-09925-1
Mcmurry, T., Lobo, J., Kim, S., Kang, H., & Sohn, M. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-39036/v1
Chu, K.-H., Majmundar, A., Allem, J.-P., Soto, D. W., Cruz, T., & Unger, J. (2018) · doi:10.2196/preprints.12676
Mandich, G. E., & Miller, L. T. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.01.164
“…diseases (Jha & Peto, 2015), and evidence now supports that smoking causes at least 15 types of cancer an increased risk of numerous chronic diseases including heart disease, stroke, lung disease. and diabetes (Hyland et al., 2017; Roditis, Delucchi, Cash, & Halpern-Felsher, 2016; Shopland, 1995).”
BackgroundPhysical, Mental and Social Wellbeing and Quality of Life among Current Smokers
Branstetter, S. A. (2024) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2024.1611067
Electronic Cigarette Dependence: User and Device Characteristic Predictors
Douglas, A. E. (2022) · doi:10.33915/etd.11334
“Notably, the ECIG dependence items included in that work were largely different from those used herein because the data derived from a national-level survey administered between 2016-2018 (Hyland et al., 2017).”
Rosen, R. L. (2020) · doi:10.7282/t3-fyd4-p209
“Participants were selected from households, within geographic areas that were oversampled for target variables, including tobacco users, young adults, and Black/African American adults (Hyland et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPhysical Health of Young People as a Factor of Human Capital Development
Kalenikova, N., & Morozova, A. (2020) · Proceeding of the International Science and Technology Conference "FarEastСon 2019" · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2244-4_20
Nam, J., Carlin, V., & Ditre, J. (2026) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108839
Metadata
- Authors
- Hyland, A., Ambrose, B. K., Conway, K. P., Borek, N., Lambert, E., Carusi, C., Taylor, K., Crosse, S., Fong, G. T., Cummings, K. M., Abrams, D., Pierce, J. P., Sargent, J., Messer, K., Bansal-Travers, M., Niaura, R., Vallone, D., Hammond, D., Hilmi, N., Kwan, J., Piesse, A., Kalton, G., Lohr, S., Pharris-Ciurej, N., Castleman, V., Green, V. R., Tessman, G., Kaufman, A., Lawrence, C., van Bemmel, D. M., Kimmel, H. L., Blount, B., Yang, L., O'Brien, B., Tworek, C., Alberding, D., Hull, L. C., Cheng, Y.-C., Maklan, D., Backinger, C. L., & Compton, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
- United States Food and Drug Administration (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Westat (United States) (US)
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (CA)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Truth Initiative (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hyland, Andrew
- ORCID
- Hyland, Andrew
- Ambrose, Bridget K
- Conway, Kevin P
- Carusi, Charles
- Taylor, Kristie
- Fong, Geoffrey T
- Cummings, K Michael
- Abrams, David
- Pierce, John P
- Sargent, James
- Messer, Karen
- Vallone, Donna
- Hammond, David
- Kwan, Jonathan
- Piesse, Andrea
- Kalton, Graham
- Lohr, Sharon
- Kaufman, Annette
- Lawrence, Charles
- van Bemmel, Dana M
- Kimmel, Heather L
- Yang, Ling
- Cheng, Yu-Ching
- Compton, Wilson M
- Venue
- Tobacco Control
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-08-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 371-378
- ISSN
- 0964-4563 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3318
- PMC
- PMC5299069
- OpenAlex
- W2518934199
- Cited by
- 872
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 54.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Tobacco Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHSN271201100027 C)
- National Institutes of Health (Contract No. HHSN271201100027C, HHSN271201100027C)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (HHSN271201100027C)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA023100, P30CA023108)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- tobacco use patterns, tobacco initiation, tobacco cessation, relapse, risk perception, biological specimen, biomarkers of tobacco exposure, longitudinal cohort, audio computer-assisted self-interviewing, Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, tobacco regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Public Health, Research Design, Smoking, United States, Young Adult
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