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Design and methods of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This paper describes the methods and conceptual framework for Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data collection. The National Institutes of Health, through the National Institute on Drug Abuse, is partnering with the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products to conduct the PATH Study under a contract with Westat. METHODS: The PATH Study is a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of 45 971 adults and youth in the USA, aged 12 years and older. Wave 1 was conducted from 12 September 2013 to 15 December 2014 using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing to collect information on tobacco-use patterns, risk perceptions and attitudes towards current and newly emerging tobacco products, tobacco initiation, cessation, relapse behaviours and health outcomes. The PATH Study's design allows for the longitudinal assessment of patterns of use of a spectrum of tobacco products, including initiation, cessation, relapse and transitions between products, as well as factors associated with use patterns. Additionally, the PATH Study collects biospecimens from consenting adults aged 18 years and older and measures biomarkers of exposure and potential harm related to tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative, population-based data generated over time by the PATH Study will contribute to the evidence base to inform FDA's regulatory mission under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and efforts to reduce the Nation's burden of tobacco-related death and disease.
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“We used data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, which is a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort of adolescents.15”
From Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth. (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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“11 This model is often used to illustrate the transmission of infectious agents, but it has also been used for tobacco studies, including the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project, which, like the PATH Study, follows nationally representative samples of respondents longitudinally to assess…”
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Youth Use of e-Cigarette Flavor and Device Combinations and Brands Before vs After FDA Enforcement
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Self-citationPan, S.-D., Li, X.-H., Xu, X., Zhang, D., & Xu, Z. (2023) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464320 · Cited by 14
Longitudinal transitions in e-cigarette and cigarette use among US adults: prospective cohort study
Kalan, M. E., & Brewer, N. T. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100508 · Cited by 22
Wang, Y., Duan, Z., Weaver, S. R., Popova, L., Spears, C. A., Ashley, D. L., Pechacek, T. F., Eriksen, M. P., & Huang, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710837 · Cited by 16
“Detailed study design, sampling strategies, and guidelines to download and use the PATH data/documentation files can be found in previously published studies [36,37].”
MethodStrong, D. R., Leas, E. C., Noble, M. L., White, M. M., Glasser, A., Taylor, K. A., Edwards, K. C., Frissell, K. C., Compton, W. M., Conway, K. P., et al. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab162 · Cited by 24
Self-citationO'Brien, E. K., Baig, S. A., & Persoskie, A. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab156 · Cited by 14
Shan, L., & Azagba, S. (2021) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04166-0 · Cited by 14
“Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) is a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study [18, 19].”
BackgroundLeas, E., Benmarhnia, T., Strong, D., & Pierce, J. (2021) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056596 · Cited by 14
Self-citationEvans-Polce, R. J., Veliz, P., Kcomt, L., Boyd, C., & McCabe, S. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab127 · Cited by 14
Perez, M. F., Mead, E. L., Atuegwu, N. C., Mortensen, E. M., Goniewicz, M. L., & Oncken, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2019.8075 · Cited by 17
“Recent studies have shown that flavorings in e-cigarettes can increase free radical formation, which could lead to oxidative stress.72 Acute e-cigarette use leads to an increase in circulating markers of oxidative stress and inflammation (ICAM-1 and reactive oxygen species),44 and may increase platelet microparticles…”
BackgroundInfluentialLi, D.-M., Shi, H., Xie, Z.-D., Rahman, I., McIntosh, S., Bansal-Travers, M., Winickoff, J., Drehmer, J. E., & Ossip, D. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106215 · Cited by 14
Self-citationBoyd, C., Veliz, P., Evans-Polce, R. J., Eisman, A. B., & McCabe, S. (2020) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2020.81.497 · Cited by 14
“Household interviews were conducted annually using audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) in a quiet space (Hyland et al., 2017).”
MethodSecondhand Smoke Exposure and Subsequent Academic Performance Among U.S. Youth
Choi, K., Chen-Sankey, J. C., Merianos, A. L., McGruder, C., & Yerger, V. B. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.020 · Cited by 18
Carroll, D., Soto, C., Baezconde-Garbanati, L., Huang, L.-L., Lienemann, B. A., Meissner, H., Rose, S., Unger, J., & Cruz, T. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1664589 · Cited by 14
“PATH is a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products (Hyland et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCigar package quantity and smoking behavior
Persoskie, A., O'Brien, E. K., Donaldson, E. A., Pearson, J. L., Choi, K., Kaufman, A. R., Stanton, C., & Delnevo, C. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7205-3 · Cited by 14
Self-citationSociodemographic differences in reasons for ENDS use among US youth within Wave 2 of the PATH study
Xiao, C., Heley, K., Kennedy, R., Lagassé, L. P., & Moran, M. (2019) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/99879 · Cited by 14
“Further study design and sample details are described in Hyland et al.(15) and the study questionnaire can be found at https://www.”
BackgroundNicksic, N. E., Snell, L., & Barnes, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Applied Research on Children · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1332 · Cited by 14
“Further details on PATH methods are described elsewhere.(26) Youth who responded “Yes” to the question”
MethodQuit Methods Used by American Smokers, 2013–2014
Rodu, B., & Plurphanswat, N. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14111403 · Cited by 14
“Information about the conceptual framework, methods [12] and sampling procedures [11] of the PATH survey are available.”
MethodLatkin, C. A., Tseng, T., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Kennedy, R. D., Moran, M. B., Czaplicki, L., Edwards, C., Falade-Nwulia, O. O., Chander, G., & Knowlton, A. R. (2017) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-017-0170-1 · Cited by 13
Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Age of Asthma Onset Among US Adults and Youths
Pérez, A., Valencia, S., Jani, P. P., & Harrell, M. B. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10740 · Cited by 14
Patel, A. S., Cook, S., Mattingly, D. T., Barnes, G. D., Arenberg, D. A., Levy, D. T., Meza, R., Fleischer, N. L., & Hirschtick, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.009 · Cited by 14
Kelly, B. C., Vuolo, M., Maggs, J. L., & Staff, J. (2023) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc-2022-057717 · Cited by 14
Fairman, B. J., Kimmel, H., Blanco, C., & Compton, W. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109837 · Cited by 13
Self-citationTrajectories of ENDS and cigarette use among dual users: analysis of waves 1 to 5 of the PATH Study
Krishnan, N., Berg, C., Elmi, A., Klemperer, E. M., Sherman, S., & Abroms, L. (2022) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc-2022-057405 · Cited by 13
Jiang, N., Xu, S., Li, L., Cleland, C., & Niaura, R. (2022) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107588 · Cited by 13
Self-citationHuang, S., Chen, Q., Griffin, P. M., Liu, G., & Azagba, S. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107548 · Cited by 14
Stevens, E. R., Xu, S., Niaura, R., Cleland, C., Sherman, S., Mai, A.-D., Karey, E., & Jiang, N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215324 · Cited by 13
“The PATH Study was launched in 2011 with a purpose of informing and monitoring the impact of the Food and Drug Administration’s regulatory actions on reducing mortalities and morbidities attributed to tobacco use [13].”
MethodSelf-citationLizhnyak, P. N., Noggle, B., Wei, L., Edmiston, J., Becker, E., Black, R. A., & Sarkar, M. (2022) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-022-00673-x · Cited by 13
“In this study, we present the results for 18 BOEs to constituents classified by the FDA as HPHCs (Additional file 1: Table S1) and 4 biomarkers of potential harm including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHarlow, A. F., Cho, J., Tackett, A., McConnell, R., Leventhal, A. M., Stokes, A., & Barrington-Trimis, J. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109583 · Cited by 13
Land, S., Baker, L., Bachand, J. V., Twesten, J., Reyes-Guzman, C. M., & Kaufman, A. R. (2022) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntac059 · Cited by 13
“Detailed descriptions of these variables are found elsewhere.(34)”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationNahhas, G. J., Cummings, K. M., Halenar, M. J., Sharma, E., Alberg, A. J., Hatuskami, D., Bansal‐Travers, M., Hyland, A. J., Gaalema, D. E., Morris, P. B., et al. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101650 · Cited by 20
Self-citationKaplan, B., Thrul, J., & Cohen, J. E. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253061 · Cited by 17
“This study uses adult data from Wave 3 (October 2015–2016) of the PATH Study [14], a large, nationally representative, cohort study designed to collect information about use of various tobacco products including cigarettes and ENDS, tobacco dependence, cessation, and perceptions of risk and harm, overall physical and…”
MethodOverview of tobacco use transitions for population health
Hyland, A. J., Kasza, K. A., Borek, N., Kimmel, H. L., Taylor, K. A., Compton, W. M., Day, H., Donaldson, E. A., Sharma, E., Anic, G. M., et al. (2020) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055367 · Cited by 17
Self-citationRostron, B. L., Corey, C. G., Chang, J. T., van Bemmel, D. M., Miller, M. E., & Chang, C. M. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa038 · Cited by 16
E-Hookah Versus E-Cigarettes: Findings From Wave 2 of the PATH Study (2014-2015).
Rezk-Hanna, M., Toyama, J., Ikharo, E., Brecht, M., & Benowitz, N. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.007 · Cited by 13
Ma, J.-N. Z., Hart, J. L., Walker, K. L., Giachello, A., Groom, A. L., Landry, R. L., Tompkins, L. K., Vu, T., Mattingly, D. T., Sears, C., et al. (2018) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.044 · Cited by 13
“” Consistent with the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Hyland et al., 2017) classification, participants were considered “current ENDS users” if they used an ENDS device within the past 30 days and had used for more than 3 months.”
MethodKamoni, T., Selamoğlu, M., Osadnik, C. R., Madawala, S., Kotwas, S., Turudia, K., & Barton, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1563117 · Cited by 12
Klemperer, E. M., Kock, L., Feinstein, M. J. P., Coleman, S. R. M., Gaalema, D., & Higgins, S. T. (2024) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108024 · Cited by 12
“…(and 100 replicate weights) for the Wave 4 cohort, which addresses issues of attrition and non-response and permits estimation of characteristics across the three waves of data between Wave 4 to Wave 6 (Hyland et al., 2017; Piesse et al., 2021; US Department of Health and Human Services, 2023).”
Kaplan, B., Navas-Acien, A., Rule, A., Hilpert, M., & Cohen, J. E. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4329648 · Cited by 12
Schwamm, E., Noubary, F., Rigotti, N., & Reddy, K. P. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284426 · Cited by 12
Cook, S., Hirschtick, J. L., Barnes, G. D., Arenberg, D. A., Bondarenko, I., Patel, A. S., Jiménez-Mendoza, E., Jeon, J., Levy, D. T., Meza, R., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062297 · Cited by 14
“The average pack-year value for dual users (11.1, SD=16.9), on the other hand, was lower than exclusive cigarette users (14.1, SD=22.4), and for former smokers who were non-current users (13.9, SD=15.3) or exclusive ENDS users (17.9, SD=23.61) at baseline.”
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“Details about PATH variables are available elsewhere (Hyland et al., 2017; United States Department of Health Human Services et al., 2021).”
BackgroundAhuja, N. A., Kedia, S., Jiang, Y., Xie, L., Ward, K. D., Pichon, L. C., Dillon, P., & Yu, X. (2022) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.07.001 · Cited by 13
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Self-citationUse of Inhaled Nicotine and Cannabis Products among Adults Who Vape Both Substances
Smith, D. M., Hyland, A., Kozlowski, L., O'Connor, R., & Collins, R. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2021.2019773 · Cited by 12
Self-citationPérez, A., Spells, C. E., Bluestein, M. A., Harrell, M. B., & Hébert, E. T. (2022) · Tobacco Use Insights · doi:10.1177/1179173x221087554 · Cited by 12
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Denlinger-Apte, R. L., Pacek, L. R., Ross, J. C., Bansal‐Travers, M., Donny, E. C., Hatsukami, D. K., & Carroll, D. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105311 · Cited by 20
“Further details on the PATH methodology can be found elsewhere [57,58].”
MethodSelf-citationAssessing Vaping Views, Usage, and Vaping-Related Education Among Medical Students: A Pilot Study
Ruppel, T., Alexander, B., & Mayrovitz, H. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.13614 · Cited by 12
“One objective of the PATH study was to identify and explain between-person differences and within-person changes in tobacco-use patterns [10].”
BackgroundSoneji, S., Knutzen, K. E., Gravely, S., Elton-Marshall, T., Sargent, J., Lambert, E. Y., Hilmi, N., Sharma, E., Jackson, K., Wang, B., et al. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15250 · Cited by 12
Self-citationWackowski, O., O'Connor, R., & Pearson, J. L. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa159 · Cited by 12
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“[25] The PATH Study is the first large joint research effort administered by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products to assess tobacco use and how it impacts the health of civilians nationally.”
MethodLee, S., Han, D.-H., Chow, A., & Seo, D. (2019) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106063 · Cited by 12
Characteristics of the Tobacco User Adult Cohort in Urban and Rural Ohio
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Mohajeri, A., Lipsky, M. S., Hegde, R., Chiang, J., & Hung, M. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12010025 · Cited by 11
“More details of the PATH study methods, data collection, and sampling have been previously described [17].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFactors Associated with E-Cigarette Quit Intention Among Adolescents in the United States
Ahuja, N. A., Kedia, S., Jiang, Y., Ward, K. D., Pichon, L. C., Dillon, P., Yu, X., & Xie, L. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2130000 · Cited by 11
Lee, J.-H., Contrera-Avila, J., & Ahluwalia, J. (2022) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107523 · Cited by 11
Sutherland, B. D., Sutherland, M., & Trucco, E. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2115848 · Cited by 11
Krishnan, N., Berg, C. J., Elmi, A. F., Klemperer, E. M., Sherman, S. E., & Abroms, L. C. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107419 · Cited by 14
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Gardner, L. D., Liu, S. T., Xiao, H., Anic, G. M., Kasza, K., Sharma, E., & Hyland, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095236 · Cited by 11
“Details regarding the PATH Study design and methods [19] and interview procedures, questionnaires, sampling, weighting, response rates, and accessing the data [20] are published elsewhere.”
MethodSelf-citationMahoney, M., Rivard, C., Kimmel, H., Hammad, H. T., Sharma, E., Halenar, M. J., Sargent, J., Cummings, K., Niaura, R., Goniewicz, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074137 · Cited by 11
Self-citationLi, W., Osibogun, O., Li, T., Sutherland, M., & Maziak, W. (2022) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106957 · Cited by 11
Buckell, J., Fucito, L. M., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., O’Malley, S. S., & Sindelar, J. L. (2022) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057024 · Cited by 15
Halenar, M. J., Sargent, J., Edwards, K. C., Woloshin, S., Schwartz, L. M., Emond, J. A., Tanski, S., Pierce, J., Taylor, K. A., Lauten, K., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189688 · Cited by 11
“Respondents are asked questions about their health, including self-reports of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart attacks, stroke, cancer, respiratory disease, disease symptoms, and functional outcomes [6].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationCannabis Use and Oral Health in a National Cohort of Adults
Chaffee, B. (2021) · Journal - California Dental Association · doi:10.1080/19424396.2021.12222740 · Cited by 11
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use and Pregnancy I: ENDS Use Behavior During Pregnancy
DeVito, E. E., Fagle, T. R., Allen, A. M., Pang, R. D., Petersen, N., Smith, P. H., & Weinberger, A. H. (2021) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00380-w · Cited by 11
Smith, C. L., Cooper, B. R., Miguel, A. C., Hill, L. G., Roll, J. M., & McPherson, S. (2021) · Journal of Cannabis Research · doi:10.1186/s42238-021-00072-2 · Cited by 14
“The PATH study, however, attempted to alleviate this potential bias by using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (Hyland et al. 2016).”
MethodChang, J. T., Vivar, J. C., Tam, J., Hammad, H. T., Christensen, C. H., van Bemmel, D. M., Das, B., Danilenko, U., & Chang, C. M. (2021) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1544 · Cited by 11
“In 2017, the FDA announced a comprehensive regulatory plan that described tobacco and nicotine products as occupying different positions on a “continuum of risk” (6), with combustible cigarettes delivering greater harm to users compared with tobacco products that may be less dangerous than cigarettes.”
InfluentialMantey, D. S., Yockey, R. A., & Lee, J. G. L. (2021) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2021.1906704 · Cited by 11
Edwards, K. C., Naz, T., Stanton, C., Goniewicz, M., Hatsukami, D., Smith, D. M., Wang, L.-Q., Villanti, A., Pearson, J. L., Blount, B., et al. (2021) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0997 · Cited by 11
Self-citationBlondino, C., Clifford, J. S., Lü, J., & Prom‐Wormley, E. C. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106890 · Cited by 12
Wheldon, C., & Wiseman, K. P. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa268 · Cited by 11
Shi, H., Tavárez, Z. Q., Xie, Z., Schneller-Najm, L. M., Croft, D. P., Goniewicz, M. L., McIntosh, S. E., O’Connor, R. J., Ossip, D. J., Rahman, I., et al. (2020) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/127238 · Cited by 15
Smith, D. M., O'Connor, R., Collins, R., Hyland, A., & Kozlowski, L. (2019) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106034 · Cited by 11
Self-citationPerceptions of Smoking and Vaping on Weight Control Among Adult American Indians Who Smoke
Rhoades, D. A., Comiford, A. L., Dvorak, J., Ding, K., Hopkins, M., Spicer, P., Wagener, T. L., & Doescher, M. P. (2019) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-019-00694-x · Cited by 13
Harm Perceptions of Alternative Tobacco Products among US Adolescents
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“Further details regarding the PATH Study design and methods are available elsewhere (Hyland et al., 2017); Wave 1 questionnaires and information on accessing the data are available at https://doi.”
MethodGreen, V. R., Silveira, M., Kimmel, H., & Conway, K. (2018) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.005 · Cited by 11
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Cook, S., Curtis, J., Buszkiewicz, J. H., Brouwer, A., & Fleischer, N. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.09.012 · Cited by 10
Chen-Sankey, J., Cparia, K. L., Glasser, A. M., Padon, A. A., Moran, M. B., Wagoner, K. G., Jackson, K. M., & Berg, C. J. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.02.03.24302079 · Cited by 10
“15 This study used secondary data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study adult survey 16,17 to address these research gaps and inform our understanding of the associations of e-cigarette marketing exposure with vaping nicotine and cannabis.”
MethodRubenstein, D., McClernon, F., Powers, J. M., Aston, E., Keefe, F., & Sweitzer, M. (2023) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.311 · Cited by 10
Youths' Perceptions of Nicotine Harm and Associations With Product Use.
O'Brien, E. K., Roditis, M. L., Persoskie, A., & Margolis, K. A. (2023) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntad028 · Cited by 10
Gautam, P., Sharma, E., Li, T., & Maziak, W. (2022) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107457 · Cited by 10
Kondracki, A., Li, W., Kalan, M. E., Taleb, Z. B., Ibrahimou, B., & Bursac, Z. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2046092 · Cited by 10
Han, D., & Seo, D. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109330 · Cited by 13
Douglas, A. E., Childers, M. G., Romm, K. F., Felicione, N. J., Ozga, J. E., & Blank, M. D. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107161 · Cited by 13
Rivard, C., Brown, A., Kasza, K., Bansal-Travers, M., & Hyland, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189719 · Cited by 10
“The PATH Study design and methods are published elsewhere [20].”
MethodSelf-citationMahoney, M., Rivard, C., Hammad, H. T., Blanco, C., Sargent, J., Kimmel, H., Wang, B., Halenar, M. J., Kang, J. C., Borek, N., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147692 · Cited by 10
“Further details regarding the PATH Study design and Wave 1 methods are published elsewhere [6,7].”
MethodSelf-citationPérez, A., Kuk, A., Bluestein, M. A., Harrell, M. B., Perry, C., & Chen, B.-J. (2021) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106838 · Cited by 10
“PATH used a stratified address-based area-probability sampling method that oversampled African Americans, young adults and tobacco users to generate a nationally representative sample of the United States population aged 12 and older in 2013 (Hyland et al., 2017; Trinidad et al., 2017).”
MethodPearson, J., Sharma, E., Rui, N., Halenar, M. J., Johnson, A. L., Cummings, K. M., Hammad, H. T., Kaufman, A. R., Tworek, C., Goniewicz, M. L., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15893 · Cited by 9
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“Further details regarding the PATH Study design and methods are published elsewhere [18].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hyland, A., Ambrose, B. K., Conway, K. P., Borek, N., Lambert, E., Carusi, C., Taylor, K., Crosse, S., Fong, G. T., Cummings, K. M., Abrams, D., Pierce, J. P., Sargent, J., Messer, K., Bansal-Travers, M., Niaura, R., Vallone, D., Hammond, D., Hilmi, N., Kwan, J., Piesse, A., Kalton, G., Lohr, S., Pharris-Ciurej, N., Castleman, V., Green, V. R., Tessman, G., Kaufman, A., Lawrence, C., van Bemmel, D. M., Kimmel, H. L., Blount, B., Yang, L., O'Brien, B., Tworek, C., Alberding, D., Hull, L. C., Cheng, Y.-C., Maklan, D., Backinger, C. L., & Compton, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
- United States Food and Drug Administration (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Westat (United States) (US)
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (CA)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Truth Initiative (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hyland, Andrew
- ORCID
- Hyland, Andrew
- Ambrose, Bridget K
- Conway, Kevin P
- Carusi, Charles
- Taylor, Kristie
- Fong, Geoffrey T
- Cummings, K Michael
- Abrams, David
- Pierce, John P
- Sargent, James
- Messer, Karen
- Vallone, Donna
- Hammond, David
- Kwan, Jonathan
- Piesse, Andrea
- Kalton, Graham
- Lohr, Sharon
- Kaufman, Annette
- Lawrence, Charles
- van Bemmel, Dana M
- Kimmel, Heather L
- Yang, Ling
- Cheng, Yu-Ching
- Compton, Wilson M
- Venue
- Tobacco Control
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-08-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 371-378
- ISSN
- 0964-4563 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3318
- PMC
- PMC5299069
- OpenAlex
- W2518934199
- Cited by
- 872
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 54.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Tobacco Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHSN271201100027 C)
- National Institutes of Health (Contract No. HHSN271201100027C, HHSN271201100027C)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (HHSN271201100027C)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA023100, P30CA023108)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- tobacco use patterns, tobacco initiation, tobacco cessation, relapse, risk perception, biological specimen, biomarkers of tobacco exposure, longitudinal cohort, audio computer-assisted self-interviewing, Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, tobacco regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Public Health, Research Design, Smoking, United States, Young Adult
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