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Cited by 119Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Short-Term Training: When Do Repeated Bouts of Resistance Exercise Become Training?

Phillips, Stuart M.·2000·Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1139/h00-014
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Abstract

Chronic resistance training induces increases in muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA), otherwise known as hypertrophy. This is due to an increased volume percentage of myofibrillar proteins within a given fibre. The exact time-course for muscle fibre hypertrophy is not well-documented but appears to require at least 6-7 weeks of regular resistive training at reasonably high intensity before increases in fibre CSA are deemed significant. Proposed training-induced changes in neural drive are hypothesized to increase strength due to increased synchrony of motor unit firing, reduced antagonist muscle activity and/or a reduction in any bilateral strength deficit. Nonetheless, increases in muscle protein synthesis were observed following an isolated bout of resistance exercise. In addition, muscle balance was positive, following resistance exercise when amino acids were infused/ingested. This showed that protein accretion occurred during the postexercise period. The implications of this hypothesis for training-induced increases in strength are discussed. Key words: hypertrophy, muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein breakdown, myofibrillar protein, strength.

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Crossref · 10.1139/h00-014

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  • Protein consumption directly after resistance exercise is an effective way to acutely promote a positive muscle protein balance.

    “It is widely reported that protein consumption directly after resistance exercise is an effective way to acutely promote a positive muscle protein balance [31, 55, 67], which if repeated over time should translate into a net gain or hypertrophy of muscle [68].”

    From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [68]

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Authors
Phillips, S. M.
Affiliations
McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author
Phillips, Stuart M.
ORCID
Phillips, Stuart M.
Venue
Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
Published
2000-06-01
Volume
25
Issue
3
Pages
185-193
ISSN
1066-7814 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1139/h00-014
OpenAlex
W2150110591
Cited by
119
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations
  • Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
resistance training, muscle hypertrophy, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, muscle strength, neural drive, motor unit synchronization, muscle protein synthesis, muscle balance, amino acid infusion, short-term training, time course of adaptation
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Humans, Hypertrophy, Muscle Proteins, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Physical Fitness, Muscle, Skeletal

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