Increased rates of muscle protein turnover and amino acid transport after resistance exercise in humans
Abstract
The rates of protein synthesis and degradation and of amino acid transport were determined in the leg muscle of untrained postabsorptive normal volunteers at rest and approximately 3 h after a resistance exercise routine. The methodology involved use of stable isotopic tracers of amino acids, arteriovenous catheterization of the femoral vessels, and biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle. During postexercise recovery, the rate of intramuscular phenylalanine utilization for protein synthesis increased above the basal value by 108 +/- 18%, whereas the rate of release from proteolysis increased by 51 +/- 17%. Muscle protein balance improved (P < 0.05) after exercise but did not become positive (from -15 +/- 12 to -6 +/- 3 nmol phenylalanine.min-1.100 ml leg volume-1). After exercise, rates of inward transport of leucine, lysine, and alanine increased (P < 0.05) above the basal state from 132 +/- 16 to 208 +/- 29, from 122 +/- 8 to 260 +/- 8, and from 384 +/- 71 to 602 +/- 89 nmol.min-1.100 ml leg-1, respectively. Transport of phenylalanine did not change significantly. These results indicate that, during recovery after resistance exercise, muscle protein turnover is increased because of an acceleration of synthesis and degradation. A postexercise acceleration of amino acid transport may contribute to the relatively greater stimulation of protein synthesis.
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In the absence of feeding, muscle protein balance remains negative in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise.
“In the absence of feeding, muscle protein balance remains negative in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise [48].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [48]
In the hours after resistance exercise there is an increase in the rate of amino acid uptake from the blood into the muscle.
“In the hours after resistance exercise there is also an increase in the rate of amino acid uptake from the blood into the muscle.”
From Using Molecular Biology to Maximize Concurrent Training (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
Leucine and glutamine are increased within the working muscle after resistance exercise.
“Specifically, leucine and glutamine are increased within the working muscle [9, 15].”
From Using Molecular Biology to Maximize Concurrent Training (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Biolo, G., Maggi, S. P., Williams, B. D., Tipton, K. D., & Wolfe, R. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1995-03-01
- Volume
- 268
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- E514-E520
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2183437665
- Cited by
- 713
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-38010, R01DK038010)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle protein turnover, resistance training, amino acid transport, protein synthesis, proteolysis, post-exercise recovery, leucine transport, lysine transport, alanine transport, vastus lateralis, lower limb muscles, muscle protein balance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alanine, Amino Acids, Biological Transport, Blood Flow Velocity, Humans, Kinetics, Leg, Leucine, Lysine, Male, Muscle Proteins, Phenylalanine, Weight Lifting, Exercise
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