Stressed or Stressed out: What Is the Difference?
Open accessAbstract
The term "allostasis" has been coined to clarify ambiguities associated with the word "stress". Allostasis refers to the adaptive processes that maintain homeostasis through the production of mediators such as adrenalin, cortisol and other chemical messengers. These mediators of the stress response promote adaptation in the aftermath of acute stress, but they also contribute to allostatic overload, the wear and tear on the body and brain that result from being "stressed out". This conceptual framework has created a need to know how to improve the efficiency of the adaptive response to stressors while minimizing overactivity of the same systems, since such overactivity results in many of the common diseases of modern life. This framework has also helped to demystify the biology of stress by emphasizing the protective as well as the damaging effects of the body's attempts to cope with the challenges known as stressors.
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Both acute stress and chronic stress have been shown to exacerbate the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
“Both acute stress, such as that experienced during traumatic events and chronic stress, such as ongoing conflict or socioeconomic hardships, have been shown to exacerbate the symptoms of fibromyalgia (McEwen 2005; Martinez‐Lavin 2007; Lahat‐Birka et al. 2024).”
From Physical and Mental Health of Fibromyalgia Patients Following October 7th Attack and the Ensuing Military Conflict: A Cross-Sectional Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as McEwen 2005
The Introduction discusses differing effects of acute and chronic stress on the brain, immune system, and cardiovascular system. A search for fibromyalgia and stress-related pain found no passage in our copy addressing whether either type of stress exacerbates fibromyalgia symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- McEwen, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McEwen, Bruce S.
- ORCID
- McEwen, Bruce S.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 315-318
- ISSN
- 1180-4882 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2434
- PMC
- PMC1197275
- OpenAlex
- W130613889
- Cited by
- 593
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- allostasis, stress, homeostasis, allostatic overload, stress response, cortisol, epinephrine, stress mediators, adaptive stress response, chronic stress, stress-related disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Homeostasis, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Stress, Psychological
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