Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
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Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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Background
Enzyme from Padina arborescens Holmes Synthesizes Parinaric Acid, a Conjugated Tetraenoic Fatty Acid, from α-Linolenic Acid
Ito, H., Honma, T., Tabata, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.ess23209 · Cited by 1
Microbial trace based on PCR-DGGE to evaluate the ripening stage of minas artisanal cheeses from the Canastra microregion produced by different dairies
de Abreu, D. J. M., Pereira, F., Lorenço, M. S., Martinez, S. J., Batista, N. N., Carvalho, E. E. N., Schwan, R. F., & Píccoli, R. H. (2024) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114597 · Cited by 1
Effects of packaging method and temperature on the quality and lipid degradation of snakehead fish (Channa striata) fillets during frozen storage
Nguyen, M. V., Thai, D. V., Nguyen, D. T., et al. (2024) · Food Research · doi:10.26656/fr.2017.8(3).257 · Cited by 1
Gestational fish oil supplementation in a maternal high-fat diet reduces mitochondrial ultrastructural damage and increases fusion proteins in the soleus muscles of weanling rat offspring
Woyames, J., Martins, I., de Souza, M. S., de Andrade, C. B. V., Atella, G. C., Trevenzoli, I. H., & Pazos-Moura, C. C. (2024) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2024.106304 · Cited by 1
Microalgal Biomass: Introduction and Production Methods
Joy, S. R., & Anju, T. R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6727-8_7 · Cited by 1
Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Composition of Seaweed Collected from Rameshwaram, Southeast Coast of India
Roy, S., & Anantharaman, P. (2024) · International Journal on Algae · doi:10.1615/interjalgae.v26.i3.60 · Cited by 1
A Novel Draft Genome-Scale Reconstruction Model of Isochrysis sp: Exploring Metabolic Pathways for Sustainable Aquaculture Innovations
Sengupta, A., Gupta, T., Chakraborty, A., et al. (2024) · Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.48022/mbl.2309.09011 · Cited by 1
Kinetic isotope effect of decomposing fatty acids in the continental shelf sediment of the northern South China Sea
Wang, T., Lin, C., Zhang, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1438092 · Cited by 1
Elucidating of the metabolic impact of risperidone on brain microvascular endothelial cells using untargeted metabolomics-based LC-MS
Ngamratanapaiboon, S., Srikornvit, N., Hongthawonsiri, P., et al. (2024) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101691 · Cited by 1
“The cell extraction method was previously described by Bligh and Dyer [22].”
Method
The Effect of Various Photoperiodic Conditions and Zn2+ Concentrations on Growth Rate and Metabolite Content in Euglena sp.
Suyono, E. A., Budiman, A., Ferniah, R. S., Astiti, A., Mardyansah, D., Natalia, F., Cindiati, M., Maghfiroh, K. Q., Erfianti, T., Nurafifah, I., et al. (2024) · Journal of Tropical Life Science · doi:10.11594/jtls.14.02.04 · Cited by 1
Educational Actions at School: Proposal to Increase Children’s Contact with Vegetables
Wrobel, G. M., Alvarado, A. V. R., do Amaral, L. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Management and Sustainability · doi:10.5539/jms.v14n2p1 · Cited by 1
“…an oven at 105 °C until constant weight (AOAC, 2011); Ash: Analyzed in muffle furnace (550 °C) (AOAC, 2011); Lipid: cold extraction method was used (Bligh & Dyer, 1959); Protein: evaluated by the total nitrogen content of the sample, by the Kjeldahl method, determined at the semi-micro level…”
Method
Phosholipid trafficking between serum-HDL-erythrocyte in various conditions associated with circadian disturbances
BUDAK, F. Ö., Koç, E., BÜYÜKTUNCEL, S. E., Bag, H. G., Şener, S., Evren, B., Şahin, İ., Kaya, K., & Güldür, T. (2024) · Journal of Research in Pharmacy · doi:10.29228/jrp.793
Removal of cyantraniliprole from aquatic environments by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Alrowais, R., Ibrahim, E.-D. S., El-Hefny, D. E., Helmy, R. M. A., Yousef, R. S., Mottaleb, S. A., daiem, M. M. A., Ounaies, W., Alwushayh, B., & Mahmoud-Aly, M. (2024) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.19.3.6653-6669 · Cited by 1
“For extraction of total lipids, the rapid chloroform: methanol (2:1) method (Bligh and Dyer 1959) was used then total lipids were quantified by dry lipid weighing method as mentioned in Abomohra et al. (2018).”
Method
A novel method for non-destructive efficient green recovery of multiple high value products from microalgal cells with enzymatically enhanced permeability
Vishwakarma, R., & Malik, A. (2024) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2024.08.063 · Cited by 1
Effect of seasonality and pretreatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste for black soldier fly larvae production
Jucker, C., Savoldelli, S., Colombini, S., Malabusini, S., Cesari, V., Toschi, I., Pavesi, M., Scaglia, B., Papa, G., D’Imporzano, G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Insects as Food and Feed · doi:10.1163/23524588-00001276 · Cited by 2
“The fatty acid (FA) composition of the larvae was done using a modified Bligh and Dyer method (Bligh and Dyer, 1959) as reported by Su et al .”
Method
Assessment of fatty acid composition and amino acid profiles of three important fresh water fish species native to river Indus Pakistan
Khan, A., Zahid, M., Rehman, A., et al. (2024) · Brazilian Journal of Biology · doi:10.1590/1519-6984.286429 · Cited by 1
Surfactant Phospholipid Kinetics in Ventilated Children after Therapeutic Surfactant Supplementation
Goss, V. M., Dushianthan, A., McCorkell, J., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms251910480 · Cited by 1
“Lipids were extracted as previously described [33].”
Result
Elaboração e caracterização físico-química e reológica de iogurtes de murici
Amadeu, L. T. S., de Figueirêdo, R. M. F., Moreira, I. D. S., et al. (2024) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv21n9-338 · Cited by 1
Effect of cold and frozen storage on veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) meat quality
Zhelyazkov, G. I., Stratev, D., & Strateva, M. (2024) · Agricultural Science and Technology · doi:10.15547/ast.2024.02.030 · Cited by 1
Preservative Effect of Alga Flour Extract on Frozen Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Lipids
Martínez, M., Trigo, M., Aubourg, S. P., & Rodrı́guez, A. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13203265 · Cited by 1
Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Sucupira (Pterodon pubescens) Fruit: Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity
Alves, I. L., Martins, C. C., Cacciatore, F. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Food Process Engineering · doi:10.1111/jfpe.14752 · Cited by 1
Alterations of Hepatic Lipidome Occur in a Gouty Model: A Shotgun Lipidomics Study
Xu, X., Jin, W., Song, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s485979 · Cited by 1
“According to the previous report, 20 the lipids of individual liver sample (~25mg) were extracted by using a modified protocol of Bligh and Dyer in the presence of internal standards.”
MethodInfluential
A simultaneous analysis strategy of glycerophospholipids and lipid mediators based on secondary extraction scheme
Zhang, Y.-X., Ding, C.-C., Xu, J.-Y., Kong, L.-F., Wang, Y., Lin, W.-H., & Tie, C. (2024) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-024-05629-7 · Cited by 1
“Bligh-Dyer method is LLE based on chloroform–methanol extraction [13].”
Oxidative Stability of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Cake and its Inclusion in the Diet of Lactating Cows
Ribas, J. C. R., Ferreira, G. F., Clemente, S. G. B., et al. (2024) · Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology · doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2024240603 · Cited by 1
Contribution of glucose and glutamine to hypoxia-induced lipid synthesis decreases, while contribution of acetate increases, during 3T3-L1 differentiation
Ryskova, L., Pospíšilová, K., Vávra, J., Wolf, T., Dvořák, A., Vı́tek, L., & Polak, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79458-0 · Cited by 1
Spatial distribution studies on sedimentary organic matter along the shoreline of Arabian Sea: insights from Kollam, Southwest Coast, India
Subramanian, M., Sarasamma, J. D., & Krishnan, K. A. (2024) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-024-13375-7 · Cited by 1
“The PRO was analyzed utilizing bovine albumin serum as a calibration standard (Lowry et al., 1951; Rice, 1982) The LIP content of sediments was extracted with a chloroform–methanol mixture and cholesterol as a calibration standard (Bligh & Dyer, 1959).”
Aquabacterium silicae sp. nov., isolated from a deep aquifer
Lebaron, P., Bourrain, M., Calvez, A., et al. (2024) · Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment · doi:10.57890/viemilieu/2023.73.1/2:43-50 · Cited by 1
“Polar lipids were extracted from freeze-dried cell material using a choroform: methanol:0.3 % aqueous NaCl mixture (modified after Bligh & Dyer 1959) and were analyzed as described by Tindall et al. (2007). sensitivity to antibiotics : The sensitivity of bacterial strains to antibiotics was tested…”
Influential
Substrate specificities of four Vibrio parahaemolyticus lipid A secondary acyltransferases
Chen, L., Huang, D., Yin, H., Zhang, X., Ji, F., & Wang, X. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105810 · Cited by 1
Gymnema saponin-induced lipid flip-flop identifies rigid membrane phenotype of methicillin resistant S. aureus and enhances it's antibiotic susceptibility
Panda, G., Dehury, S., Behuria, H. G., et al. (2025) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2025.110303 · Cited by 1
When agricultural waste are promoted as nutritional sources in rabbit nutrition
Klinger, A. C. K., Falcone, D. B., de Toledo, G. S. P., da Silva, L. P., Vencato, M. D. S., & da Costa, S. T. (2025) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-024-04270-x · Cited by 2
“Lipid content was determined using the methodology of Bligh and Dyer (1959).”
Desmonostoc cockrellii sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): a new record of a subaerophytic species from The Habitat Penang Hill, Malaysia
Ginn, B. L. C., Lau, C. Y., Asma, N. A., Serri, N. A., Broady, P. A., Convey, P., Muangmai, N., & Merican, F. (2025) · Fottea · doi:10.5507/fot.2024.013 · Cited by 1
Aquirufa esocilacus sp. nov., Aquirufa originis sp. nov., Aquirufa avitistagni, and Aquirufa echingensis sp. nov. discovered in small freshwater habitats in Austria during a citizen science project
Pitt, A., Lienbacher, S., Schmidt, J., et al. (2025) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-025-04275-6 · Cited by 1
“The polar lipids were extracted and analyzed according to the methods of Tindall (Tindall 1990a, 1990b), which were based on the description by Bligh and Dyer (Bligh and Dyer 1959).”
Ostrich oil evaluation; Parallel to food and pharmaceutical industries requirements: A review
Zafar, S., Amjad, A., Sultan, M. T., et al. (2025) · Food and Humanity · doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100581 · Cited by 1
Feed-grade hempseed as alternative protein source in organic broilers diet: Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality
Serrapica, F., Lambiase, C., Masucci, F., Braghieri, A., Lorenzo, J. M., & Francia, A. D. (2025) · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101860 · Cited by 1

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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