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Cited by 108E-Government and Public ServicesSmart Cities and TechnologiesArtificial Intelligence Applications

The use of AI in public services: results from a preliminary mapping across the EU

Misuraca, Gianluca, van Noordt, Colin, Boukli, Anys·2020·Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
DOI 10.1145/3428502.3428513
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Abstract

Artificial Intelligence is a new set of technologies which has grasped the attention of many in society due to its potential. These technologies could also provide great benefits to public administrations when adopted. This paper acts as a first landscaping analysis to indicate, classify and understand current AI-implementations in public services. By conducting a desk research based on available documents describing AI projects, 85 AI applications in the public sector in selected European countries have been identified and reviewed. The preliminary analysis suggests that most AI initiatives are started with efficiency goals in mind, and they occur mainly in the general public service policy area. Findings of this preliminary landscape analysis set the basis for further more in depth research and recommendations for policy.

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Crossref · 10.1145/3428502.3428513

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25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The concept of general-purpose AI models aligns with a long-standing tripartite classification of AI development into narrow AI, general AI, and artificial superintelligence.

    “notably, this concept aligns with a long-standing tripartite classification of ai development.”

    From Reflections on the data protection compliance of AI systems under the EU AI Act (2025) · cites this paper as misuraca & van noordt, 2020

  • The black box phenomenon arises when the causal link between input and output becomes opaque to external observers.

    “this phenomenon arises when the causal link between input and output becomes opaque to external observers.”

    From Reflections on the data protection compliance of AI systems under the EU AI Act (2025) · cites this paper as misuraca & van noordt, 2020

  • While input data and generated output are identifiable, the cause-and-effect relationship between them often remains inaccessible or extremely difficult to reconstruct.

    “while the input data and the generated output are identifiable, the cause-and-effect relationship between the two-why a particular result was reached based on given data-often remains inaccessible or extremely difficult to reconstruct (misuraca & van noordt, 2020).”

    From Reflections on the data protection compliance of AI systems under the EU AI Act (2025) · cites this paper as misuraca & van noordt, 2020

  • AI systems can cause harm for reasons including inadequate design, reliance on biased data, or use for an illegitimate purpose.

    “AI systems could also bring about harm due to various other reasons, such as inadequate design, reliance on biased data or the application thereof for an illegitimate purpose.”

    From Towards eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Tax Law: The Need for a Minimum Legal Standard (2022) · cites this paper as [52]

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Authors
Misuraca, G., van Noordt, C., & Boukli, A.
Affiliations
  • European Commission (BE)
  • Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
  • Digital Partners, Switzerland
ORCID
Misuraca, Gianluca
Venue
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
Publisher
ACM
Published
2020-09-23
Pages
90-99
DOI
10.1145/3428502.3428513
OpenAlex
W3097495658
Cited by
108
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2
FWCI
54.28
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor)
Locations
International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › E-Government and Public Services
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Smart Cities and Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
Keywords
artificial intelligence, public services, public administration, AI implementation, European countries, AI projects, technology adoption

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