Understanding Digital-Safety Experiences of Youth in the U.S.
Open accessAbstract
The seamless integration of technology into the lives of youth has raised concerns about their digital safety. While prior work has explored youth experiences with physical, sexual, and emotional threats—such as bullying and trafficking—a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the myriad threats that youth experience is needed. By synthesizing the perspectives of 36 youth and 65 adult participants from the U.S., we provide an overview of today’s complex digital-safety landscape. We describe attacks youth experienced, how these moved across platforms and into the physical world, and the resulting harms. We also describe protective practices the youth and the adults who support them took to prevent, mitigate, and recover from attacks, and key barriers to doing this effectively. Our findings provide a broad perspective to help improve digital safety for youth and set directions for future work.
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Zhang, X., Akter, M., An, H., Liu, M., Zhang, Q., Huang, L., Cho, J.-H., J. Wisniewski, P., & Lee, S. W. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790949
Reflecting on the Relational: Youth-Centered Approaches to Living with Technology
Gak, L. (2024) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/3678884.3682047 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Friend or Foe? Navigating and Re-configuring “Snipers' Alley“
Dwyer, A. C., Coles-Kemp, L., Heath, C. P. R., & Crivellaro, C. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713317 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Understanding Generative AI Risks for Youth: An Empirical Taxonomy for Safer Digital Futures
Yu, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Qian, Z., Huang, Y. M., & Yang, W. (2025) · Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/pra2.1526 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hidden in Plain Bytes: Investigating Interpersonal Account Compromise with Data Exports
Nonnenkamp, J., Gupta, N., Gupta, A., & Chatterjee, R. (2025) · ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) · doi:10.1145/3719027.3765147 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Heung, S., Weizenegger, C. F., Houtti, M., Consolvo, S., Kelley, P. G., Matthews, T. L., Shelby, R. M., Thomas, K., & Walker, A. M. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791463 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHanson-DeFusco, J., Dunn, W. N., & Smith, E. G. (2024) · Journal of Human Rights and Social Work · doi:10.1007/s41134-024-00297-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Online Sexual Communication and Partner Seeking Among Adolescents
Macapagal, K. R., Wongsomboon, V., Gordon, J. D., Nelson, K. M., & Widman, L. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_49 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ribhan, R., Firdaus, L., Ahmad, A., & Ramelan, M. R. (2024) · BEGAWI Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat · doi:10.23960/begawi.v2i2.50
Huan, R., Ramokapane, K. M., & Rashid, A. (2025) · IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P) · doi:10.1109/sp61157.2025.00172
Developmentally Safe Generative AI Environment for Youth
Chanenson, J., Yu, Y., Jessica Vitak, B., Erete, S. L., Clegg, T., Freed, D., & Chetty, M. (2026) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3772363.3778682
Self-citationHartwig, K., Biselli, T., Schneider, F. B., Lamp, I., & Reuter, C. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790630
Player Safety by Design: Co-Designing Child-Centered Safety Mechanisms with Children
Zhang, Z., Song, Q., Hernandez, R. H., Liu, Y., Koung, E., Yu, J., Bai, S., Kou, Y., & Gui, X. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791090
Alluhidan, A., Ma, R., Park, J., Agha, Z., Yin, Z., & Wiśniewski, P. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791092
Safe and Accessible AI for Youth with Disabilities and Neurodivergence
Yu, Y., Freed, D., Chanenson, J., Jessica Vitak, B., Erete, S. L., Clegg, T., & Chetty, M. (2026) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3797867.3832453
Self-citation
- Authors
- Freed, D., Bazarova, N. N., Consolvo, S., Han, E. J., Kelley, P. G., Thomas, K., & Cosley, D.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Cornell University, United States
- Google (United States) (US)
- U.S. National Science Foundation (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2023-04-19
- Pages
- 1-15
- OpenAlex
- W4366547782
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 11.83
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2020-21)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- online risks, cyberbullying, online harassment, protective practices
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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