Trans-centered moderation: Trans technology creators and centering transness in platform and community governance

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Aegis was developed in response to the collapse of a similar system called Pride Shield.

“Aegis was developed in response to the collapse of a similar system called Pride Shield,”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Jaylin Bowers spoke about the risk of transphobic people joining Trans Family Network to abuse or exploit particularly vulnerable trans users.

“Jaylin Bowers spoke to us about the risk of transphobic people joining Trans Family Network to abuse or exploit particularly vulnerable trans users.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Bowers described the process of manually reviewing potential users and assigning them a 'trustworthiness score' before deciding whether to allow them to join Trans Family Network.

“She described the process of manually reviewing potential users and assigning them a”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Taylor Chiang described the need to design a system that allows moderators on TranZap to preemptively manually review submitted comments, with the goal of avoiding publishing transphobic comments on the platform.

“Taylor Chiang described the need to design a system that allows moderators on TranZap (an app for trans people to describe their experiences with physicians or to read other users' reviews) to preemptively manually review submitted comments, with the goal of avoiding publishing transphobic comments on the platform:”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Despite Facebook's guidelines allowing photographs, paintings, sculptures, and other art or figures of nudity, Transguy Supply's content is still taken down occasionally, despite following community guidelines.

“Despite Facebook's guidelines allowing photographs, paintings, sculptures, and other art or figures of nudity, Transguy Supply's content is still taken down occasionally, despite following community guidelines.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Justin Bantuelle said they were very mindful that there are horrible people and restricting the ability for anyone to do anything hateful with the website was a big focus.

“Similarly, developer Justin Bantuelle said they were”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

Alex of Transthetics was banned multiple times, especially on YouTube, and it took three months to get his channel reinstated because he could not talk to a human.

“I've been very wary of social media because I've been banned multiple times, especially YouTube,”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Arm the Girls' account is shadowbanned on Instagram and has been repeatedly flagged for 'inciting violence.'

“Our account is shadowbanned on Instagram, and we've been repeatedly flagged for”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Moderators from each community can use Aegis to report anti-trans and anti-queer trolls and other harmful users.

“Moderators from each community can use Aegis to report anti-trans and anti-queer trolls and other harmful users.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Rose and Alex expressed how infrequently content moderation appeals succeed for trans tech creators, as platforms rarely allow users to interact with human moderators.

“They also both expressed how infrequently content moderation appeals succeed for trans tech creators, as platforms rarely allow users to interact with human moderators.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Trolls create new accounts continually, creating a loop of them creating accounts and moderators banning them.

“She said,”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Bantuelle gave Gender Infinity Resource Locator moderators a full administration tool so they can remove access if somebody becomes a bad actor.

“I gave them [Gender Infinity Resource Locator moderators] a full administration tool, so that if somebody leaves, if somebody becomes a bad actor, for whatever reason, they can remove their access,”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Chapperri created Aegis to recreate and improve upon Pride Shield.

“Chapperri created Aegis to recreate and improve upon Pride Shield.”

It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

Both Rose and Alex sell packers or various trans prosthetics that often get flagged as 'adult,' despite following site guidelines.

“Both Rose and Alex sell packers or various trans prosthetics that often get flagged as”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Rosa Chapperri described Aegis, a collaborative vetting system she developed that provides security for many different LGBTQIA+ safe spaces on Discord and content creators on Twitch.

“Rosa Chapperri (from The Transverse) described Aegis, an innovative collaborative vetting system she developed that provides security for many different LGBTQIA+ safe spaces on Discord and content creators on Twitch.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

In an interview study of 115 transgender technology creators, creators face issues of transphobic abuse and disproportionate content moderation.

“In our interview study of transgender technology creators (n=115), we found that creators face issues of transphobic abuse and disproportionate content moderation.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The sample of 115 trans tech creators is sufficient to identify prevalent themes.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Trans Family Network users are especially vulnerable to transphobic trolling and abuse.

“Though large online communities are likely to be targeted by trolls, whether transphobic or not, Trans Family Network users are especially vulnerable to transphobic trolling and abuse.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Trans Family Network uses a quantitative metric based on how much information incoming users verify to decide if a potential user is safe to let into a space, as a way to protect trans users from harm.

“In this example, rather than using subjective vetting criteria, Trans Family Network uses a quantitative metric based on how much information incoming users verify to decide if a potential user is safe to let into a space, as a way to protect trans users from harm.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans tech creators must grapple with rigid technological systems that hinder their and their users' abilities to express themselves, or algorithms and policies that target them disproportionately.

“In addition to transphobic online abuse, trans tech creators also must grapple with rigid technological systems that hinder their and their users' abilities to express themselves, or algorithms and policies that target them disproportionately [26,54].”

• cites [26]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [54]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Davis suspected that Instagram's algorithm shadowbanned content of trans femmes with guns, while military Instagram pages do not seem to face the same scrutiny.

“Davis suspected that Instagram's algorithm shadowbanned content of trans femmes with guns -content that is explicitly trans, but also contains”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Transguy Supply has had posts pulled down from social media.

“It's [social media] run by bots; it's been proven that they are homophobic and transphobic... we've had posts that are pulled down,”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans tech creators described themselves and their users experiencing transphobic abuse and facing barriers to expressing their identities online because of rigid technological systems.

“Specifically, trans tech creators described themselves and their users experiencing transphobic abuse and facing barriers to expressing their identities online because of rigid technological systems.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Interview participants' self-reports accurately describe their technologies and moderation practices.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Navigating transphobic abuse is complicated and requires constant vigilance.

“Not only is navigating transphobic abuse complicated, but it also requires constant vigilance.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

Hayward argued that community is important to make sure that no individual can take control of a common resource, and that it remains in the hands of those who need it and will use it.

“I think that you need community.I think it's very easy to end up with situations where you have one person who's in control of a resource that should be a common resource,”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Some participants in the study spoke on this and discussed ideas around hiring marginalized groups as moderators.

“Some participants in our study spoke on this and discussed ideas around hiring marginalized groups as moderators.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

D'Lune discussed implementing a representative policy to enable people from smaller demographics to hold equal say as majority groups in a collective.

“She discussed the natural tendency for a majority group to appear in such a collective and how she would implement a representative policy, enabling people from smaller demographics to hold equal say as majority groups.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Technologies can be anti-trans in their design.

“Trans tech creators like Willow Hayward (of the Deadname Remover plug-in) spoke to how technologies can be anti-trans in their design.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Delilah D'Lune and Laur Bereznai spoke to the desire for collective governance or community models.

“Others like Delilah D'Lune (of various trans technologies not named here) and Laur Bereznai (of the Trans Peer Network) spoke to the desire for collective governance or community models.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Laur Bereznai of Trans Peer Network emphasized continuously regenerating and reshaping the community as a space that supports and empowers its members by limiting hierarchy and centering the margins.

“Laur Bereznai of Trans Peer Network, spoke about a similar process, saying,”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

D'Lune mentioned collective forms of decision-making and representative policies to help smaller subgroups have equal say compared to majority groups, while Bereznai mentioned a reshaping and reforming of community spaces to limit hierarchies and continually uplift and center the most marginalized.

“D'Lune mentioned collective forms of decision-making and representative policies to help smaller subgroups have equal say compared to majority groups, while Bereznai mentioned a reshaping and reforming of community spaces to limit hierarchies and continually uplift and center the most marginalized.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

As the trans tech creators in this study described, online platforms are often rife with transphobia, both from platform users and as programmed into platform infrastructures.

“As the trans tech creators in this study described, online platforms are often rife with transphobia, both from platform users and as programmed into platform infrastructures.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.

D'Lune wanted to build a platform that is collectively governed by its members, with a truly open collective where everyone participating in the organization can participate in governance to create proposals, discuss them, and vote on them.

“I've been wanting to... build a platform that is collectively governed by its members for a long time,”

The quote only partly states this claim.

Community and collective accountability are central to governance conversations among trans tech creators.

“Community and collective accountability are central to governance conversations.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Riley Johnson discussed that RAD Remedy was collaboratively, collectively operated, and they were purposeful about not having one person's way.

“Similarly, Riley Johnson from now-defunct health information resource site RAD Remedy, discussed the site's governance:”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans people are not all the same, and will have different ideas regarding desired moderation outcomes.

“Yet as Laura Horak (of the Transgender Media Portal) reminded us, trans people are not all the same, and will have different ideas regarding desired moderation outcomes.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Trans tech creators, when asked, are often quick to point out online platforms' faults when it comes to navigating online spaces while trans.

“Trans tech creators, when asked, are often quick to point out online platforms' faults when it comes to navigating online spaces while trans.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Trans moderators might speak better to trans contexts than cis moderators.

“The Product Designer for a queer social and community app we interviewed spoke to how trans moderators might speak better to trans contexts than cis moderators,”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Many trans people face a common set of challenges when using social technologies.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Many users still report that shadowbanning happens, and this remains a gray area that requires users to create algorithmic folk theories to describe their experiences.

“Many users still report that shadowbanning happens, and this remains a gray area that requires users to create algorithmic folk theories to describe their experiences [15,46].”

• cites [15]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [46]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans social media users experience incorrect reporting of their content by other social media users as a form of transphobic harassment, exacerbating disproportionate content removals.

“Trans social media users also experience incorrect reporting of their content by other social media users as a form of transphobic harassment, exacerbating disproportionate content removals [31,44].”

• cites [31]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [44]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Disproportionate removals of trans users' content harms trans users while limiting their ability to use social media for self-expression, activism, information-seeking, or other trans-related needs, ultimately preventing trans people from using social media as freely or safely as cisgender social media users.

“Disproportionate removals of trans users' content harms trans users while limiting their ability to use social media for self-expression, activism, information-seeking, or other trans-related needs, ultimately preventing trans people from using social media as freely or safely as cisgender social media users [23,26,45].”

• cites [23]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [26]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [45]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans-centered moderation can help improve platform design for trans users while reducing the harm faced by trans people.

“Trans-centered moderation can help to improve platform design for trans users while reducing the harm faced by trans people and marginalized users more broadly.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Data analysis was conducted alongside data collection.

“We recorded interview audio and later transcribed them for data analysis; data analysis was conducted alongside data collection.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The study was reviewed and deemed exempt by the university's Institutional Review Board.

“This study was reviewed and deemed exempt by our university's Institutional Review Board.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Talking to people who create trans technologies (rather than technology users) uniquely makes visible the substantial work that moderation requires.

“Additionally, talking to people who create trans technologies (rather than technology users) uniquely makes visible the substantial work that moderation requires.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Trans tech creators' perspectives and design decisions are a valid basis for improving moderation for trans users and marginalized users more broadly.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The interview protocol was iteratively adapted based on what was learned through analysis.

“We iteratively adapted our interview protocol based on what we learned through analysis.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Trans-centered content moderation solutions are more likely to be employed in smaller-scale trans-built communities.

“We discuss how trans-centered content moderation solutions are more likely to be employed in smaller-scale trans-built communities; yet this puts the onus on trans users and trans tech creators to moderate themselves, since trans-centered content moderation principles cannot be easily deployed on larger mainstream platforms.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Trans-centered content moderation principles cannot be easily deployed on larger mainstream platforms.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans technologies are tailored to keep trans users safe while enabling them to meet their unique needs.

“These trans technologies 3 are tailored to keep trans users safe while enabling them to meet their unique needs [27,29].”

• cites [27]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [29]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Algorithmic moderation tools inaccurately assess and disproportionately target trans users' content.

“Examples include platforms guidelines related to gender that do not acknowledge trans users [4] and algorithmic moderation tools that inaccurately assess and disproportionately target trans users' content [4,26,45].”

• cites [4]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [26]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [45]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Disproportionate content moderation burdens trans tech creators with additional labor and reduced engagement and sales, and creates added barriers for trans tech creators and the people who use their technologies.

“Disproportionate content moderation burdens trans tech creators with additional labor and reduced engagement and sales, and creates added barriers for trans tech creators and the people who use their technologies.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans people rely on social media to meet some of their trans-specific needs, such as seeking trans healthcare information, crowdfunding for gender-affirming healthcare, expressing trans identity, and finding community.

“Trans people rely on social media to meet some of their transspecific needs, such as seeking trans healthcare information [1], crowdfunding for gender-affirming healthcare [2,19], expressing trans identity [16], and finding community [7,24,47,50].”

• cites [1]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [2]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [19]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [16]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Calculating a quantitative 'trustworthiness score' may miss some of the complexities necessary for vetting, and shares some elements with algorithmic content moderation as employed by mainstream platforms, which are not always particularly inclusive.

“Calculating a quantitative”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Doing so could allow mainstream platforms to more fairly moderate trans users' content and better protect trans users, and ultimately, marginalized users more broadly.

“Doing so could allow mainstream platforms to more fairly moderate trans users' content and better protect trans users, and ultimately, marginalized users more broadly.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Mainstream platforms can adopt smaller-scale trans-centered moderation practices.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

By disproportionately removing 'violent' content from trans accounts but not military accounts, Instagram's algorithm may be disproportionately censoring trans bodies, language, and politics.

“By disproportionately removing”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Large online communities are likely to be targeted by trolls, whether transphobic or not.

“Though large online communities are likely to be targeted by trolls, whether transphobic or not, Trans Family Network users are especially vulnerable to transphobic trolling and abuse.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Instagram has a history of denying shadowbanning and responding by elaborating on how their algorithm works, acknowledging that posts categorized as 'inappropriate' would not be featured on Instagram's Explore page, despite being within community guidelines.

“Instagram has a history of denying shadowbanning and responding by elaborating on how their algorithm works, acknowledging that posts categorized as”

• cites [20]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans-centered moderation as an approach deals with the intricacies of trans contexts, but offers insights into how to better consider other marginalized contexts as well.

“Trans-centered moderation as an approach deals with the intricacies of trans contexts, but offers insights into how to better consider other marginalized contexts as well -by listening to marginalized technology creators and users to understand what types of systems, policies, and platform governance work best for their communities.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The response rate of completed interviews was 43.7%.

“We contacted participants via email or social media to invite them to participate; our response rate of completed interviews was 43.7%.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans-centered moderation helps not only trans people, but marginalized people more broadly, because it centers marginalized user contexts and can be similarly applied to non-trans marginalized contexts by considering how these contexts inform content moderation.

“Trans-centered moderation helps not only trans people, but marginalized people more broadly, because it centers marginalized user contexts and can be similarly applied to non-trans marginalized contexts (and marginalized identities that often intersect with transness) by considering how these contexts inform content moderation.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans people have been at the forefront of various technologies across history; however, these histories have often been modified or erased, ignoring trans people's important contributions in designing technologies and online infrastructures.

“Trans people have been at the forefront of various technologies across history; however, as many scholars note, these histories have often been modified or erased [10,39], ignoring trans people's important contributions in designing technologies and online infrastructures.”

• cites [10]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [39]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Top-down governance models often employ content moderation tools that are efficient and can moderate a large user-base, but ignore context and often end up further marginalizing their marginalized users.

“Topdown governance models often employ content moderation tools that are efficient and can moderate a large user-base, but ignore context and often end up further marginalizing their marginalized users [48,54].”

• cites [48]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [54]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

These fixes are more likely to happen on a smaller scale, such as on trans-built platforms and communities, which does not account for the larger platform ecology.

“however, these fixes are more likely to happen on a smaller scale (e.g., on trans-built platforms and communities), which does not account for the larger platform ecology.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Hiring multiple moderators from marginalized backgrounds with variation within the identity groups they belong to will help platforms better consider identity-based contexts overall.

“Hiring multiple moderators from marginalized backgrounds with variation within the identity groups they belong to will help platforms better consider identity-based contexts overall.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

In the examples from trans tech creators, collaboration and community are prioritized rather than hierarchies, and power is distributed or renegotiated to intentionally center and uplift the most marginalized.

“In these examples, collaboration and community are prioritized rather than hierarchies, and power is distributed or renegotiated to intentionally center and uplift the most marginalized.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Both centering trans contexts and implementing collective governance help center transness and marginalization when it comes to content moderation decisions.

“Both approaches help center transness and marginalization when it comes to content moderation decisions;”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

If a platform promises its users safety and wellbeing and continually works towards improving their spaces, its users can also continually work towards this as well, as both the platform and its users keep each other accountable.

“If a platform promises its users safety and wellbeing and continually works towards improving their spaces, its users can also continually work towards this as well, as both the platform and its users keep each other accountable.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Issues of transphobia and marginalization are culturally-ingrained in our society, so they require complex and long-form solutions that technology and platform design are only one part of.

“Issues of transphobia and marginalization are culturally-ingrained in our society, so they require complex and long-form solutions that technology and platform design are only one part of.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Platforms cannot singlehandedly solve social issues such as racism, sexism, transphobia, or ableism, amongst others.

“While platforms can address this by implementing policy changes and tools recommended by scholars and platform users, platforms cannot singlehandedly solve social issues such as racism, sexism, transphobia, or ableism, amongst others.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Research shows that certain groups are disadvantaged online or disproportionately moderated more than others.

“but research shows that certain groups are disadvantaged online or disproportionately moderated more than others [26,47].”

• cites [26]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [47]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Trans tech creators' content moderation processes, and the tools and governance structures they design to implement them, can better inform mainstream technology's moderation processes, by taking transphobia seriously and working to counteract it.

“Trans tech creators' content moderation processes, and the tools and governance structures they design to implement them, can better inform mainstream technology's moderation processes, by taking transphobia seriously and working to counteract it.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Transphobic abuse and disproportionate content moderation may be partially addressed by centering trans contexts in content moderation, and by implementing collective governance.

“Transphobic abuse and disproportionate content moderation may be partially addressed by centering trans contexts in content moderation, and by implementing collective governance.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Technology cannot single-handedly alleviate issues such as transphobia or marginalization, but designing better technology and better platforms for trans users is one part of the process.

“Technology cannot single-handedly alleviate issues such as transphobia or marginalization, but designing better technology and better platforms for trans users is one part of the process.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Collective governance and community-driven models are central to many trans technologies, and may offer possible solutions to the problem of scale when it comes to transphobic abuse and counteracting issues from disproportionate content moderation.

“Collective governance and community-driven models are central to many trans technologies, and may even offer possible solutions to the problem of scale (e.g., Aegis's system spanning many small communities) when it comes to transphobic abuse and counteracting issues from disproportionate content moderation.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

To combat online platforms' faults, trans tech creators often must create their own moderation systems and perform additional moderation labor that non-trans and non-marginalized tech creators do not have to.

“To combat this, they often must create their own moderation systems, and perform additional moderation labor that non-trans and non-marginalized tech creators do not have to.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

These moderation systems are designed specifically for trans experiences online, revolving around considering trans contexts alongside moderation decisions and considering how best to protect both trans tech creators and users.

“These moderation systems are designed specifically for trans experiences online, as they revolve around considering trans contexts alongside moderation decisions, and considering how best to protect both trans tech creators and users.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The study was conducted in a largely Western context, so the results may as easily apply to non-Western contexts.

“Finally, our study was conducted in a largely Western context, so our results may as easily apply to non-Western contexts.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The examples in this section highlight ways to prioritize trans safety when designing content moderation processes.

“The examples in this section highlight ways to prioritize trans safety when designing content moderation processes.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

The concept of trans-centered moderation can help start to address transphobia online and also provide an example for how to listen to marginalized groups and make changes in response to their needs.

“We draw from their approaches to governing their own communities to contribute the concept of trans-centered moderation, which can help start to address transphobia online and also provide an example for how to listen to marginalized groups and make changes in response to their needs.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

There are obvious power differentials between a platform's designers and policy-makers and the everyday user, but systems can be put in place to give users and their communities more power and more say into how a platform is governed.

“There are obvious power differentials between a platform's designers and policy-makers and the everyday user, but systems can be put in place to give users and their communities more power and more say into how a platform is governed.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

The findings still speak to the larger online systems that propagate anti-trans sentiments and fail to address trans users' needs online.

“However, our findings still speak to the larger online systems that propagate anti-trans sentiments and fail to address trans users' needs online.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

At the heart of the design suggestions is an approach of care towards trans people, whether a platform is explicitly/specifically trans or includes trans users.

“At the heart of these design suggestions is an approach of care towards trans people, whether a platform is explicitly/specifically trans or includes trans users.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Many mainstream platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter/X are run by centralized actors/stakeholders, but these platforms can still learn from trans tech creators' collective governance and community models.

“While many mainstream platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter/X are run by centralized actors/stakeholders, these platforms can still learn from trans tech creators' collective governance and community models.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Platforms' reliance on marginalized communities to moderate themselves requires substantial labor, especially for trans tech creators and their communities.

“Platforms' reliance on marginalized communities to moderate themselves requires substantial labor, especially for trans tech creators and their communities.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Both trans-centered moderation and the moderation systems discussed in the paper can speak not only to trans contexts, but marginalized contexts broadly.

“Both trans-centered moderation and the moderation systems discussed here can speak not only to trans contexts, but marginalized contexts broadly, as we discuss below.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Considering trans safety in designing content moderation processes requires centering transness instead of employing a context-agnostic 'one-size-fits-all' approach that many larger social media platforms use.

“Considering trans safety in designing content moderation processes requires centering transness instead of employing a context-agnostic”

• cites [9]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [48]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Transphobic abuse and disproportionate content moderation underscore online experiences for trans people, and trans tech creators show us ways trans communities are already trying to account for these issues and actively work against them.

“Transphobic abuse and disproportionate content moderation underscore online experiences for trans people, and trans tech creators show us ways trans communities are already trying to account for these issues and actively work against them.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Thach argued that there is an existing feedback loop between prevalent streamers on Twitch and Twitch's administration, where influential users call out the platform and ask their communities to assist in getting the platform to change policies and listen to its users; this feedback loop could be implemented on mainstream platforms by encouraging more user feedback from smaller communities.

“Thach [53] argued that there is an existing feedback loop between prevalent streamers on Twitch and Twitch's administration, where influential users call out the platform and ask their communities to assist in getting the platform to change policies and listen to its users; this feedback loop could be implemented on mainstream platforms by encouraging more user feedback from smaller communities.”

• cites [53]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Mainstream platforms that employ algorithmic content moderation tools may not be able to apply these revisions to their systems without retraining their algorithms to better catch anti-trans or other bigoted sentiments.

“Mainstream platforms that employ algorithmic content moderation tools may not be able to apply these revisions to their systems without retraining their algorithms to better catch anti-trans or other bigoted sentiments.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

More intensive vetting processes encumber already unpaid volunteer moderators with additional labor.

“Unfortunately, more intensive vetting processes encumber already unpaid volunteer moderators with additional labor.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

By keeping in mind that online spaces reify structures of oppression, platforms will be better prepared to help implement changes that can benefit trans people and other marginalized users.

“By keeping this in mind, platforms will be better prepared to help implement changes that can benefit trans people and other marginalized users.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Although trans people and technology design, even when combined, cannot fix society's ills or mainstream online platforms, trans tech creators offer important insights into how to better design moderation systems to protect trans people.

“Although trans people and technology design, even when combined, cannot fix society's ills or mainstream online platforms, trans tech creators offer important insights into how to better design moderation systems to protect trans people.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Marginalized people are not all the same, but issues they face are often shared or common across their identity group.

“Relatedly, marginalized people are not all the same, but issues they face are often shared or common across their identity group.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Too much power in designers and policy-makers' hands can result in disproportionate moderation, but too little overhead review from platforms can result in abusive and bigoted content and the formation of extremist spaces.

“This balance is tricky but a fruitful space to explore, as too much power in designers and policy-makers' hands can result in disproportionate moderation [26,47], but too little overhead review from platforms can result in abusive and bigoted content and the formation of extremist spaces [30,49].”

• cites [26]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [47]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [30]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [49]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

To center marginalized groups when moderating content, directly involving members of marginalized groups while developing content moderation policy helps consider that group's context while reducing content moderation disparities.

“To center marginalized groups when moderating content, Haimson et al. [26] argued that directly involving members of marginalized groups while developing content moderation policy helps consider that group's context while”

• cites [26]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Plug-ins like Hayward's Deadname Remover are band-aid solutions that speak to a broader need to consider trans contexts in design and broader issues of cisnormativity writ large.

“However, Plug-ins like Hayward's are band-aid solutions that speak to a broader need to consider trans contexts in design and broader issues of cisnormativity writ large.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The Deadname Remover is one of many examples of trans technologies that help us to consider the limitations and constraints of technology for addressing social challenges.

“The Deadname Remover is one of many examples of trans technologies that help us to consider the limitations and constraints of technology for addressing social challenges.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The study's sample is diverse in terms of gender, but the vast majority of participants live in the US and speak English.

“While our sample is diverse in terms of gender, we acknowledge that the vast majority live in the US and speak English.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Trans-centered moderation centers trans contexts by taking technologically-enabled transphobia seriously, and supporting trans tech creators and their communities to combat anti-trans actors and sentiments online.

“Overall then, trans-centered moderation centers trans contexts by taking technologically-enabled transphobia seriously, and supporting trans tech creators and their communities to combat antitrans actors and sentiments online.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

If viewed uncritically, trans-centered moderation may be seen as a technological-determinist view of technology and platforms, meaning giving technology undue power in its ability to fix social ills.

“If viewed uncritically, trans-centered moderation may be seen as a technological-determinist view of technology and platforms; this means giving technology undue power in its ability to fix social ills [14,18].”

• cites [14]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [18]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Approaches that center trans people, BIPOC people, women, and other marginalized groups may help to improve online spaces by reducing online abuse and providing more contextual moderation.

“Approaches that center trans people, BIPOC people, women, and other marginalized groups may help to improve online spaces by reducing online abuse and providing more contextual moderation.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

To reduce harm towards a marginalized group, technology designers must center that marginalized group in their design and moderation processes, considering how previous design and moderation frameworks may have been exclusionary or failed to account for that group's lived experiences.

“To reduce harm towards a marginalized group, technology designers must center that marginalized group in their design and moderation processes, considering how previous design and moderation frameworks may have been exclusionary or failed to account for that group's lived experiences.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The method of learning directly from trans tech creators may work similarly for technology creators from other marginalized backgrounds.

“Our method of learning directly from trans tech creators may work similarly for technology creators from other marginalized backgrounds.”