Law and the Emerging Political Economy of Algorithmic Audits
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The lack of access and visibility to many AI systems leaves auditors without the information needed to make adequate and truly independent assessments.
“leaves auditors without the information needed to make adequate and truly independent assessments [70, 75].”
From Towards AI Accountability Infrastructure: Gaps and Opportunities in AI Audit Tooling (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
Section 5.0.2 (Confidentiality; page unavailable) says rigorous algorithmic audits require access to documents that organisations may withhold, and that independence challenges may make auditors less forceful in seeking them. This supports the concern, but the paper presents restricted access as a risk rather than establishing that auditors generally lack the information needed for adequate, independent assessments of many AI systems. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Raji, I. D., Smart, A., White, R. N., Mitchell, M., Gebru, T., Hutchinson, B., Smith-Loud, J., Theron, D., & Barnes, P. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3351095.3372873 · Cited by 1,372 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The idea of auditing online platforms and algorithms as a form of governance is not new nor is its critique [24, 31, 69, 109, 106].”
BackgroundRacial disparities in automated speech recognition
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“The idea of auditing online platforms and algorithms as a form of governance is not new nor is its critique [24, 31, 69, 109, 106].”
BackgroundRaji, I. D., Smart, A., White, R. N., Mitchell, M., Gebru, T., Hutchinson, B., Smith-Loud, J., Theron, D., & Barnes, P. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.00973 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
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Ojewale, V., Steed, R., Vecchione, B., Birhane, A., & Raji, I. D. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713301 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Auditing Work: Exploring the New York City algorithmic bias audit regime
Groves, L., Metcalf, J., Kennedy, A., Vecchione, B., & Strait, A. (2024) · The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3630106.3658959 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Proposals have been made at the federal level [4], in local legislation in New York City [78, 58], and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has expanded on some of the fundamental principles that such audits shall follow [46, pp. 50–58, 111, 3].”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Towards AI Accountability Infrastructure: Gaps and Opportunities in AI Audit Tooling
Ojewale, V., Steed, R., Vecchione, B., Birhane, A., & Raji, I. D. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713301 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
- Authors
- Terzis, P., Veale, M., & Gaumann, N.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands and Faculty of Laws, University College London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Laws, University College London, United Kingdom and Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Laws, University College London, United Kingdom
- Venue
- The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2024-06-03
- Pages
- 1255-1267
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 10
- Funders
- UK Research and Innovation (EP/V00784X/1)
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