Reading text from computer screens
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews empirical studies concerning the readability of text from computer screens. The review focuses on the form and physical attributes of complex, realistic displays of text material. Most studies comparing paper and computer screen readability show that screens are less readable than paper. There are many factors that could affect the readability of computer screens. The factors explored in this review are the features of characters, the formatting of the screen, the contrast and color of the characters and background, and dynamic aspects of the screen. Numerous areas for future research are pinpointed.
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“Readability talks about the speed and ease of understanding and comprehending the text (Mills & Weldon, 1987; Woods, Davis, & Scharff, 2005).”
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- Authors
- Mills, C. B., & Weldon, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Goucher College (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Venue
- ACM Computing Surveys
- Published
- 1987-12
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 329-357
- ISSN
- 0360-0300 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7341
- OpenAlex
- W2021346535
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Computing Surveys (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Keywords
- computer displays, character design, color, dynamic displays, text display
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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