The DOI matches its Crossref record; 580 of the 584 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties
Open accessAbstract
Our Galaxy, the Milky Way, is a benchmark for understanding disk galaxies. It is the only galaxy whose formation history can be studied using the full distribution of stars from faint dwarfs to supergiants. The oldest components provide us with unique insight into how galaxies form and evolve over billions of years. The Galaxy is a luminous (L⋆) barred spiral with a central box/peanut bulge, a dominant disk, and a diffuse stellar halo. Based on global properties, it falls in the sparsely populated “green valley” region of the galaxy color-magnitude diagram. Here we review the key integrated, structural and kinematic parameters of the Galaxy, and point to uncertainties as well as directions for future progress. Galactic studies will continue to play a fundamental role far into the future because there are measurements that can only be made in the near field and much of contemporary astrophysics depends on such observations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Before Gaia , these challenges meant that the MW virial mass was known only to within a factor of several-(0 . 53) × 10 12 M ⊙ (Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard, 2016)-despite decades of effort.”
From The rotation curve of the Milky Way: State of the art, the Keplerian decline debate, and implications for dark matter (2026) · cites this paper as Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard, 2016
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Currently, the stellar disc mass of our galaxy is poorly constrained (e.g. see the compilation of stellar profiles in Iocco et al. 2015) and thus cannot be used to distinguish between the two models, although most measurements agree better with the lower stellar mass of the contracted NFW halo model”
From The milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2 (2020) · cites this paper as Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The total baryonic mass of the MW is M bary ≈ (0 . 6-1 . 0) × 10 11 M ⊙ (Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard, 2016).”
From The rotation curve of the Milky Way: State of the art, the Keplerian decline debate, and implications for dark matter (2026) · cites this paper as Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard, 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The Milky Way is, in general terms, a fairly typical disk galaxy (Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard 2016).”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)
Skrutskie, M. F., Cutri, R. M., Stiening, R., Weinberg, M. D., Schneider, S., Carpenter, J. M., Beichman, C., Capps, R., Chester, T., Elias, J., et al. (2006) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/498708 · Cited by 12,019
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/376392 · Cited by 9,071
On the variation of the initial mass function
Kroupa, P. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x · Cited by 7,499
Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
Kormendy, J., & Ho, L. C. (2013) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101811 · Cited by 4,421
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass FunctionPreprint
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Cited by 4,012
Statistical Properties of X‐Ray Clusters: Analytic and Numerical Comparisons
Bryan, G. L., & Norman, M. L. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305262 · Cited by 2,372
A synthetic view on structure and evolution of the Milky Way
Robin, A. C., Reylé, C., Derrière, S., & Picaud, S. (2003) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031117 · Cited by 2,040
Local kinematics and the local standard of rest
Schönrich, R. A., Binney, J. J., & Dehnen, W. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16253.x · Cited by 1,934
Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host GalaxiesPreprint
Kormendy, J., & Ho, L. C. (2013) · Cited by 1,881
MONITORING STELLAR ORBITS AROUND THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE IN THE GALACTIC CENTER
Gillessen, S., Eisenhauer, F., Trippe, S., Alexander, T., Genzel, R., Martins, F., & Ott, T. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/692/2/1075 · Cited by 1,779
Research works printed but not linked: 37
- Árnadóttir AS, Feltzing S, Lundström I. 2009. In The Galaxy Disk in Cosmological Context, Proc. IAU Symp. Colloq. 254, ed.J Andersen, B Nordström, J Bland-Hawthorn, p. 5. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
- Bajkova AT, 2015, Baltic Astron., 24, 43
- Bienayme O, 1987, Astron. Astrophys., 180, 94
- Bottema R, 1993, Astron. Astrophys., 275, 16
- Burnett B, 2011, Astron. Astrophys., 113, 14
- Carraro G, 2015, Bull. Assoc. Argent. Astron., 57, 7
- Combes F, 1990, Astron. Astrophys., 233, 82
- Contopoulos G, 1980, Astron. Astrophys., 81, 198
- Edvardsson B, 1993, Astron. Astrophys., 275, 101
- Freeman K. 2001. In Galaxy Disks and Disk Galaxies , ed. JG Funes, EM Corsini. ASP Conf. Ser. 230:91. San Francisco: ASP
- Fuhrmann K, 1998, Astron. Astrophys., 330, 626
- Fux R, 1999, Astron. Astrophys., 345, 787
- Gerhard OE. 1999. In Galaxy Dynamics: A Rutgers Symposium , ed. DR Merritt, M Valluri, JA Sellwood. ASP Conf. Ser. 182:307. San Francisco: ASP
- Gilmore G, 2012, Messenger, 147, 25
- Gratton R, 2000, Astron. Astrophys., 358, 671
- Habing H, 1988, Astron. Astrophys., 200, 40
- Harris WE. 2010. arXiv:1012.3224 · arXiv
- Haywood M, 1997, Astron. Astrophys., 320, 428
- Kormendy J. 2013. In XXIII Canary Isl. Winter Sch. Astrophys. , ed. J. Falcon-Barroso, JH Knapen, p. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
- Lindqvist M, 1992, Astron. Astrophys., 259, 118
- Majaess D, 2010, Acta Astron., 60, 55
- Malkin Z. 2013. In Advancing the Physics of Cosmic Distances, Proc. IAU Symp. 289 , ed. R de Grijs, 8:406–9. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press · DOI
- May J, 1993, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 99, 105
- Mendez RA, 1998, Astron. Astrophys., 330, 910
- Pandey AK, 1988, Astron. Astrophys., 189, 66
- Patterson FS, 1940, Harv. Coll. Obs. Bull., 914, 9
- Pfenniger D, 1991, Astron. Astrophys., 252, 75
- Quillen A, Garnett D. 2001. In Galaxy Disks and Disk Galaxies , ed. JG Funes, EM Corsini. ASP Conf. Ser. 230:87. San Francisco: ASP
- 10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.002021 · DOI
- Ruphy S, 1996, Astron. Astrophys., 313, L21
- Saha K, 2012, MNRAS, 421, 333
- Udalski A, 2008, Acta Astron., 58, 69
- van der Kruit P, 1986, Astron. Astrophys., 157, 230
- van Tulder JJM, 1942, Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth., 9, 315
- Wetzel AR, Hopkins PF, Kim JH, et al. 2016. arXiv:1602.05957 · arXiv
- Wielen R, 1977, Astron. Astrophys., 60, 263
- Zhu Z, Shen M. 2013. In Advancing the Physics of Cosmic Distances, Proc. IAU Symp. 289 , ed. R de Grijs, 8:444–47. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,003
KURVS: the outer rotation curve shapes and dark matter fractions of z ∼ 1.5 star-forming galaxies
Puglisi, A., Dudzevičiūtė, U., Swinbank, A. M., Gillman, S., Tiley, A. L., Bower, R. G., Cirasuolo, M., Cortese, L., Glazebrook, K., Harrison, C. M., et al. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1966 · Cited by 29
The Far Side of the Galactic Bar/Bulge Revealed through Semi-regular Variables
Hey, D., Huber, D., Shappee, B. J., Bland‐Hawthorn, J., Tepper-García, T., Sanderson, R. E., Chakrabarti, S., Saunders, N., Hunt, J. D., Bedding, T. R., et al. (2023) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad01bf · Cited by 29
Self-citationShen, X., Xiao, H., Hopkins, P. F., & Zurek, K. M. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad12c6 · Cited by 29
The structural evolution of galaxies with both thin and thick discs
Aumer, M., & Binney, J. J. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1300 · Cited by 29
The Future of Astrometry in Space
Vallenari, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences · doi:10.3389/fspas.2018.00011 · Cited by 29
Structure and kinematics of Type II Cepheids in the Galactic bulge based on near-infrared VVV data
Braga, V. F., Bhardwaj, A., Ramos, R. C., Minniti, D., Bono, G., de Grijs, R., Minniti, J. H., & Rejkuba, M. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833538 · Cited by 29
Towards sub-kpc scale kinematics of molecular and ionized gas of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1
Girard, M., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Combes, F., Chisholm, J., Patrício, V., Richard, J., & Schaerer, D. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935896 · Cited by 29
Probing the Outflowing Multiphase Gas ∼1 kpc below the Galactic Center
Savage, B. D., Kim, T.-S., Fox, A. J., Massa, D., Bordoloi, R., Jenkins, E. B., Lehner, N., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Lockman, F. J., Hernandez, S., et al. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa8f4c · Cited by 28
“The Galaxy is a bared spiral (Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard 2016).”
MethodSelf-citationThe Extremely Metal-rich Knot of Stars at the Heart of the Galaxy
Rix, H., Chandra, V., Zasowski, G., Pillepich, A., Александрович, Х. С., Feltzing, S., Wyse, R. F. Ġ., Frankel, N., Horta, D., Kollmeier, J. A., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7aee · Cited by 28
PANORAMIC: Discovery of an ultra-massive grand-design spiral galaxy at z ∼ 5.2
Xiao, M., Williams, C. C., Oesch, P. A., Elbaz, D., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Marques-Chaves, R., Bing, L., Ji, Z., Weibel, A., Bezanson, R., et al. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453487 · Cited by 28
Migration and kinematics in growing disc galaxies with thin and thick discs
Aumer, M., Binney, J. J., & Schönrich, R. A. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1483 · Cited by 28
de Grijs, R., & Bono, G. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa8b71 · Cited by 28
Establishing the Galactic Centre distance using VVV Bulge RR Lyrae variables
Majaess, D., Dékány, I., Hajdu, G., Minniti, D., Turner, D., & Gieren, W. (2018) · Astrophysics and Space Science · doi:10.1007/s10509-018-3346-6 · Cited by 28
Molecular Gas Distribution Perpendicular to the Galactic Plane
Su, Y., Yang, J., YAN, Q.-Z., Zhang, S., Wang, H., Sun, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, C., Zhou, X., Chen, X., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe5ab · Cited by 28
Similarities behind the high- and low- α disc: small intrinsic abundance scatter and migrating stars
Lu, Y., Ness, M., Buck, T., Zinn, J., & Johnston, K. V. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac610 · Cited by 28
Milky Way archaeology using RR Lyrae and type II Cepheids
Prudil, Z., Koch, A., Lemasle, B., Grebel, E. K., Marchetti, T., Hansen, C. J., Crestani, J., Braga, V. F., Bono, G., Chaboyer, B., et al. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142251 · Cited by 28
Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales
Ishchenko, M., Sobolenko, M., Berczik, P., Александрович, Х. С., Omarov, C. T., Sobodar, O., & Makukov, M. A. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245117 · Cited by 28
Constraining a Companion of the Galactic Center Black Hole Sgr A*
Will, C. M., Naoz, S., Hees, A., Tucker, A., Zhang, E., Do, T., & Ghez, A. M. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad09b3 · Cited by 28
Beyond Ultra-diffuse Galaxies. I. Mass–Size Outliers among the Satellites of Milky Way Analogs
Li, J., Greene, J. E., Greco, J. P., Huang, S., Melchior, P., Beaton, R. L., Casey, K. J., Danieli, S., Goulding, A. D., Joseph, R., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace829 · Cited by 28
DETAILED ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS OF A METAL-POOR GIANT IN THE GALACTIC CENTER
Ryde, N., Fritz, T. K., Rich, R. M., Thorsbro, B., Schultheis, M., Origlia, L., & Chatzopoulos, S. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/831/1/40 · Cited by 28
Migration in the shearing sheet and estimates for young open cluster migration
Quillen, A. C., Nolting, E., Minchev, I., Silva, G. M. D., & Chiappini, C. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty125 · Cited by 28
A VLBI Distance and Transverse Velocity for PSR B1913+16
Deller, A. T., Weisberg, J. M., Nice, D. J., & Chatterjee, S. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf95 · Cited by 28
The Missing Satellite Problem Outside of the Local Group. I. Pilot Observation
Tanaka, M., Chiba, M., Hayashi, K., Komiyama, Y., Okamoto, T., Cooper, A. P., Okamoto, S., & Spitler, L. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad9fe · Cited by 28
The Pristine survey – V. A bright star sample observed with SOPHIE
Bonifacio, P., Caffau, E., Sestito, F., Lardo, C., Martin, N. F., Starkenburg, E., Sbordone, L., François, P., Jablonka, P., Henden, A. A., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1378 · Cited by 28
The life cycle of the Central Molecular Zone – II. Distribution of atomic and molecular gas tracers
Armillotta, L., Krumholz, M. R., & Teodoro, E. M. D. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa469 · Cited by 28
Erwin, P., Seth, A. C., Debattista, V. P., Seidel, M. K., Mehrgan, K., Thomas, J., Saglia, R. P., de Lorenzo-Cáceres, A., Maciejewski, W., Fabricius, M., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab126 · Cited by 28
Nataf, D. M., Schlaufman, K. C., Reggiani, H., & Hahn, I. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7c4e · Cited by 27
The Milky Way Radial Metallicity Gradient as an Equilibrium Phenomenon: Why Old Stars Are Metal Rich
Johnson, J. W., Weinberg, D. H., Blanc, G. A., Bonaca, A., Rudie, G. C., Lu, Y., Chu, B. R., Griffith, E. J., Sit, T., Johnson, J. A., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/addbe5 · Cited by 27
Churazov, E., Khabibullin, I. I., Bykov, A. M., Чугай, Н. Н., Sunyaev, R., & Зинченко, И. И. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2125 · Cited by 27
Using classical Cepheids to study the far side of the Milky Way disk
Minniti, J. H., Zoccali, M., Rojas-Arriagada, Á., Minniti, D., Sbordone, L., Ramos, R. C., Braga, V. F., Catelan, M., Duffau, S., Gieren, W., et al. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039512 · Cited by 27
A first estimate of the Milky Way dark matter halo spin
Obreja, A., Buck, T., & Macciò, A. V. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140983 · Cited by 27
GASKAP Pilot Survey Science. II. ASKAP Zoom Observations of Galactic 21 cm Absorption
Dickey, J. M., Dempsey, J., Pingel, N. M., McClure‐Griffiths, N. M., Jameson, K. E., Dawson, J. R., Dénes, H., Clark, S. E., Joncas, G., Leahy, D. A., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3a89 · Cited by 27
Li, J., Su, L., Wu, L., & Zhu, B. (2023) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/04/020 · Cited by 27
On the Origins of Extreme Velocity Stars as Revealed by Large-scale Galactic Surveys
Li, Q., Huang, Y., Dong, X.-B., Zhang, H., Beers, T. C., & Yuan, Z. (2023) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd1dc · Cited by 27
Palau, C. G., & Miralda‐Escudé, J. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1930 · Cited by 27
Debattista, V. P., Khachaturyants, T., Amarante, J. A. S., Carr, C., Silva, L. J. B. E., & Laporte, C. F. P. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf035 · Cited by 27
NuSTAR + XMM-Newton monitoring of the neutron star transient AX J1745.6-2901
Ponti, G., Bianchi, S., Muñoz-Darias, T., Mori, K., De, K., Rau, A., Marco, B. D., Hailey, C. J., Tomsick, J. A., Madsen, K. K., et al. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2425 · Cited by 27
Inno, L., Urbaneja, M. A., Matsunaga, N., Bono, G., Nonino, M., Debattista, V. P., Sormani, M. C., Bergemann, M., da Silva, R., Lemasle, B., et al. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2661 · Cited by 27
LIGHTS. Survey Overview and a Search for Low Surface Brightness Satellite Galaxies
Zaritsky, D., Golini, G., Donnerstein, R. L., Trujillo, I., Akhlaghi, M., Chamba, N., D’Onofrio, M., Eskandarlou, S., Hosseini-ShahiSavandi, S. Z., Infante-Sáinz, R., et al. (2024) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad543f · Cited by 26
Huber, D., Slumstrup, D., Hon, M., Li, Y., Aguirre, V. S., Bedding, T. R., Joyce, M., Ong, J. M. J., Serenelli, A. M., Stello, D., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7110 · Cited by 26
Searching for ultralight dark matter through frequency modulation of gravitational waves
Blas, D., Gasparotto, S., & Vicente, R. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.042008 · Cited by 26
The Milky Way’s bar structural properties from gravitational waves
Wilhelm, M. J. C., Korol, V., Rossi, E. M., & D’Onghia, E. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3457 · Cited by 26
Méndez-Delgado, J. E., Esteban, C., García-Rojas, J., Arellano-Córdova, K. Z., & Valerdi, M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1705 · Cited by 26
Autonomous Gaussian decomposition of the Galactic Ring Survey
Riener, M., Kainulainen, J., Beuther, H., Henshaw, J. D., Orkisz, J. H., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936814 · Cited by 26
The kinematic signature of the Galactic warp inGaiaDR1
Poggio, E., Drimmel, R., Smart, R. L., Spagna, A., & Lattanzi, M. G. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629916 · Cited by 26
The Coupling of Galactic Dark Matter Halos with Stellar Bars
Collier, A., & Madigan, A.-M. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac004d · Cited by 26
Gamma-ray emission from the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy due to millisecond pulsars
Crocker, R. M., Macías, O., Mackey, D., Krumholz, M. R., Ando, S., Horiuchi, S., Baring, M. G., Gordon, C., Venville, T., Duffy, A. R., et al. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01777-x · Cited by 26
Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies
Jang, D., & Kim, W. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca7bc · Cited by 26
Weighing the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies with artificial intelligence
Villanueva-Domingo, P., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Genel, S., Anglés‐Alcázar, D., Hernquist, L., Marinacci, F., Spergel, D. N., Vogelsberger, M., & Narayanan, D. (2023) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.107.103003 · Cited by 26
Planet formation throughout the Milky Way
Nielsen, J., Gent, M. R., Bergemann, M., Eitner, P., & Johansen, A. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346697 · Cited by 26
Self-consistent dust and non-LTE line radiative transfer with SKIRT
Matsumoto, K., Camps, P., Baes, M., Ceuster, F. D., Wada, K., Nakagawa, T., & Nagamine, K. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347376 · Cited by 26
Horta, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., Hogg, D. W., Johnston, K. V., Widrow, L. M., Dalcanton, J. J., Ness, M., & Hunt, J. D. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad16e8 · Cited by 26
The velocity ellipsoid in the Galactic disc using Gaia DR1
Anguiano, B., Majewski, S. R., Freeman, K. C., Mitschang, A. W., & Smith, M. C. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2774 · Cited by 26
The most metal-poor Galactic globular cluster: the first spectroscopic observations of ESO280-SC06
Simpson, J. D. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty847 · Cited by 26
The black hole retention fraction in star clusters
Pavlík, V., Jeřábková, T., Kroupa, P., & Baumgardt, H. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832919 · Cited by 26
Sormani, M. C., Sobacchi, E., Pezzulli, G., Binney, J. J., & Klessen, R. S. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2500 · Cited by 26
The Iκεα model of feedback-regulated galaxy formation
Sharma, M., & Theuns, T. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2909 · Cited by 26
Fraser-McKelvie, A., Merrifield, M. R., & Aragón‐Salamanca, A. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2493 · Cited by 26
Cataloging accreted stars withinGaiaDR2 using deep learning
Ostdiek, B., Necib, L., Cohen, T., Freytsis, M., Lisanti, M., Garrison-Kimmmel, S., Wetzel, A., Sanderson, R. E., & Hopkins, P. F. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936866 · Cited by 26
Which Milky Way masses are consistent with the slightly declining 5–25 kpc rotation curve?
Jiao, Y., Hammer, F., Wang, J., & Yang, Y. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141058 · Cited by 26
Determining Stellar Elemental Abundances from DESI Spectra with the Data-driven Payne
Zhang, M., Xiang, M., Ting, Y.-S., Wang, J., Li, H., Zou, H., Nie, J., Mou, L., Wu, T., Wu, Y., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad51dd · Cited by 25
Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour–magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal)
Fernández-Alvar, E., Ruiz-Lara, T., Gallart, C., Cassisi, S., Surot, F., González-Koda, Y. K., Callingham, T. M., Queiroz, A. B. A., Battaglia, G., Thomas, G. F., et al. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202553814 · Cited by 25
Informing dark matter direct detection limits with the ARTEMIS simulations
Poole-McKenzie, R., Font, A. S., Boxer, B., McCarthy, I. G., Burdin, S. V., Stafford, S. G., & Brown, S. T. (2020) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/11/016 · Cited by 25
The Most Metal-poor Stars in the Inner Bulge *
Reggiani, H., Schlaufman, K. C., Casey, A. R., & Ji, A. P. (2020) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba948 · Cited by 25
Weighing the Galactic disk in sub-regions of the solar neighbourhood using Gaia DR2
Widmark, A., de Salas, P. F., & Monari, G. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039852 · Cited by 25
Hidden in the haystack: low-luminosity globular clusters towards the Milky Way bulge
Gran, F., Zoccali, M., Saviane, I., Valenti, E., Rojas-Arriagada, Á., Ramos, R. C., Hartke, J., Carballo-Bello, J. A., Navarrete, C., Rejkuba, M., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2463 · Cited by 25
Ferrone, S. M., Matteo, P. D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Haywood, M., Snaith, O. N., Montuori, M., Александрович, Х. С., & Valls-Gabaud, D. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244141 · Cited by 25
The non-explosive stellar merging origin of the ultra-massive carbon-rich white dwarfs
Kawka, A., Ferrario, L., & Vennes, S. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad553 · Cited by 25
Impact of galactic distributions in celestial capture of dark matter
Bose, D., & Sarkar, S. (2023) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.107.063010 · Cited by 25
Tamburo, P., Muirhead, P. S., & Dressing, C. D. (2023) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd1de · Cited by 25
Declining Rotation Curves at z = 2 in ΛCDM Galaxy Formation Simulations
Teklu, A. F., Remus, R., Dolag, K., Arth, A., Burkert, A., Obreja, A., & Schulze, F. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaaeb4 · Cited by 25
Impact of Distance Determinations on Galactic Structure. I. Young and Intermediate-Age Tracers
Matsunaga, N., Bono, G., Chen, X., de Grijs, R., Inno, L., & Nishiyama, S. (2018) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0506-5 · Cited by 25
The High-velocity Stars in the Local Stellar Halo from Gaia and LAMOST
Du, C., Li, H., Liu, S., Donlon, T., & Newberg, H. J. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad088 · Cited by 25
Zonoozi, A. H., Mahani, H., & Kroupa, P. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2812 · Cited by 25
Voyage through the hidden physics of the cosmic web
Simionescu, A., Ettori, S., Werner, N., Nagai, D., Vazza, F., Akamatsu, H., Pinto, C., de Plaa, J., Wijers, N., Nelson, D., et al. (2021) · Experimental Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s10686-021-09720-0 · Cited by 25
Exploring the Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium in a Cosmological Context with a Semianalytic Model
Faerman, Y., Pandya, V., Somerville, R. S., & Sternberg, A. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ca6 · Cited by 25
The Flare and Warp of the Young Stellar Disk Traced with LAMOST DR5 OB-type Stars
于, Y. 扬. Y., Wang, H., Cui, W., Li, L., Liu, C., Zhang, B., Tian, H., 霍, Z.-Y. 振. H., Ju, J., Liu, Z., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1e91 · Cited by 25
Lu, Y., Ness, M., Buck, T., & Carr, C. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac780 · Cited by 25
Chruślińska, M., Pakmor, R., Matthee, J., & Matsuno, T. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347602 · Cited by 24
Detecting ultralight dark matter with matter effect
Gan, X., Liu, D., Liu, D., Luo, X., & Yu, B. (2026) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2026)043 · Cited by 24
XENONnT WIMP search: Signal and background modeling and statistical inference
Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. A., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. A., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., et al. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.103040 · Cited by 24
Young stars as tracers of a barred-spiral Milky Way
Pettitt, A. R., Ragan, S. E., & Smith, M. C. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3155 · Cited by 24
The Nature of the Milky Way’s Stellar Halo Revealed by the Three Integrals of Motion
Carollo, D., & Chiba, M. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd7a4 · Cited by 24
Discovery of a Candidate Hypervelocity Star Originating from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Huang, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, H., Li, X., Sun, W., Chang, J., Dong, X., & Liu, X.-W. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abd413 · Cited by 24
Exploring the dust content of galactic haloes with Herschel III. NGC 891
Yoon, J. H., Martin, C. L., Veilleux, S., Meléndez, M., Mueller, T., Gordon, K. D., Cecil, G. N., Bland‐Hawthorn, J., & Engelbracht, C. W. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3583 · Cited by 24
Self-citationA2A: 21 000 bulge stars from the ARGOS survey with stellar parameters on the APOGEE scale
Wylie, S. M., Gerhard, O. E., Ness, M. K., Clarke, J. P., Freeman, K. C., & Bland-Hawthorn, J. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140990 · Cited by 24
Self-citationFrom ridges to manifolds: 3D characterization of the moving groups in the Milky Way disc
Bernet, M., Ramos, P., Antoja, T., Famaey, B., Monari, G., Kazwini, H. A., & Romero-Gómez, M. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244070 · Cited by 24
Anastasopoulou, K., Ponti, G., Sormani, M. C., Locatelli, N. T., Haberl, F., Morris, M., Churazov, E., Schödel, R., Maitra, C., Campana, S., et al. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245001 · Cited by 24
The Imprint of Clump Formation at High Redshift. II. The Chemistry of the Bulge
Debattista, V. P., Liddicott, D. J., González, O. A., Silva, L. J. B. E., Amarante, J. A. S., Lazar, I., Zoccali, M., Valenti, E., Fisher, D. B., Khachaturyants, T., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acbb00 · Cited by 24
The ages and metallicities of the globular clusters in the Sparkler
Adamo, A., Usher, C., Pfeffer, J., & Claeyssens, A. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad084 · Cited by 24
Gaia DR3 features of the phase spiral and its possible relation to internal perturbations
Li, C., Siebert, A., Monari, G., Famaey, B., & Rozier, S. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2199 · Cited by 24
Feltzing, S., & Feuillet, D. K. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace185 · Cited by 24
Santistevan, I. B., Wetzel, A. R., Tollerud, E. J., Sanderson, R. E., Moreno, J., & Patel, E. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3757 · Cited by 24
An Earth-sized Planet on the Verge of Tidal Disruption
Dai, F., Howard, A. W., Halverson, S., Orell-Miquel, J., Πάλλη, Ε., Isaacson, H. T., Fulton, B. J., Price, E. M., Plotnykov, M., Rogers, L. A., et al. (2024) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad5a7d · Cited by 24
Constraining the Milky Way assembly history with Galactic Archaeology
Minchev, I. (2016) · Astronomische Nachrichten · doi:10.1002/asna.201612366 · Cited by 24
Simpson, J. P. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab55b · Cited by 24
Pieres, A., Girardi, L., Balbinot, E., Santiago, B., da Costa, L. N., Rosell, A. C., Pace, A. B., Bechtol, K., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Drlica-Wagner, A., et al. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1980 · Cited by 24
Stellar Overdensity in the Local Arm in Gaia DR2
Miyachi, Y., Sakai, N., Kawata, D., Baba, J., Honma, M., Matsunaga, N., & Fujisawa, K. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f86 · Cited by 24
An excessively massive thick disc of the enormous edge-on lenticular galaxy NGC 7572
Kasparova, A., Katkov, I. Y., & Chilingarian, I. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa611 · Cited by 24
Illuminating dark matter halo density profiles without subhaloes
Fielder, C. E., Mao, Y.-Y., Zentner, A. R., Newman, J. A., Wu, H., & Wechsler, R. H. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2851 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Bland-Hawthorn, J., & Gerhard, O.
- Affiliations
- 1Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; email: jbh@physics.usyd.edu.au
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gerhard, Ortwin
- ORCID
- Gerhard, Ortwin
- Venue
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-09-19
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 529-596
- ISSN
- 0066-4146 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4282
- OpenAlex
- W2216753448
- Cited by
- 1,656
- References
- 584
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 187 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 168 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 162 · 2020: 203 · 2019: 194 · 2018: 160 · 2017: 109 · 2016: 31
- FWCI
- 11.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- Milky Way, disk galaxies, galaxy structure, galactic kinematics, stellar halo, barred spiral galaxies, green valley, galaxy formation and evolution, stellar populations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
