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2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases (2OGXs) catalyze a remarkably diverse range of oxidative reactions. In animals, these comprise hydroxylations and N-demethylations proceeding via hydroxylation; in plants and microbes, they catalyze a wider range including ring formations, rearrangements, desaturations, and halogenations. The catalytic flexibility of 2OGXs is reflected in their biological functions. After pioneering work identified the roles of 2OGXs in collagen biosynthesis, research revealed they also function in plant and animal development, transcriptional regulation, nucleic acid modification/repair, fatty acid metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, including of medicinally important antibiotics. In plants, 2OGXs are important agrochemical targets and catalyze herbicide degradation. Human 2OGXs, particularly those regulating transcription, are current therapeutic targets for anemia and cancer. Here, we give an overview of the biochemistry of 2OGXs, providing examples linking to biological function, and outline how knowledge of their enzymology is being exploited in medicine, agrochemistry, and biocatalysis.
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“A relatively new discovery is the finding that vitamin C is the specific cofactor of 2OGO involved in cellular stress-signalling and epigenetics (reviewed in References [98,101,102,107,108,109]).”
From Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“The role(s) of vitamin C in this reaction cycle is (are) not fully elucidated, but likely the most important role is to maintain the iron atom in the reduced form [100,101].”
From Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“Generally, 2OGO catalyze specific hydroxylation of substrates, which, in turn, leads to demethylations via other catalytic cycles or downstream pathway involving thymine-DNA-glycosylase, which catalyzed base excision with DNA base excision repair [101,120].”
From Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Islam, M. S., Leissing, T. M., Chowdhury, R., Hopkinson, R. J., & Schofield, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Islam, Md. Saiful
- Leissing, Thomas M.
- Chowdhury, Rasheduzzaman
- Hopkinson, Richard J.
- Schofield, Christopher J.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-06-20
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 585-620
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2483061037
- Semantic Scholar
- 1f082a9f33c479e0e3ec9bbbf5edfe3f16c04e9d
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 18
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Cancer Research UK
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/L009846/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Biochemical Acid Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
- Keywords
- 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, hydroxylation, N-demethylation, cyclization, desaturation, halogenation, collagen synthesis, transcriptional regulation, nucleic acid modification, fatty acid metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, antibiotic biosynthesis, herbicide degradation, anemia, cancer, biocatalysis, enzyme biochemistry
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Collagen, Humans, Hydroxylation, Ketoglutaric Acids, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygenases, Protein Conformation, Substrate Specificity, Biocatalysis
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