Cited by 2,875Glioma Diagnosis and TreatmentEpigenetics and DNA MethylationCancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism

Oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglutarate Is a Competitive Inhibitor of α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases

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Xu, Wei, Yang, Hui, Liu, Ying, Yang, Ying, Wang, Ping, Kim, Se-Hee, Ito, Shinsuke, Yang, Chen +14 more·2011·Cancer Cell

Abstract

IDH1 and IDH2 mutations occur frequently in gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia, leading to simultaneous loss and gain of activities in the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), respectively. Here we demonstrate that 2-HG is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. 2-HG occupies the same space as α-KG does in the active site of histone demethylases. Ectopic expression of tumor-derived IDH1 and IDH2 mutants inhibits histone demethylation and 5mC hydroxylation. In glioma, IDH1 mutations are associated with increased histone methylation and decreased 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC). Hence, tumor-derived IDH1 and IDH2 mutations reduce α-KG and accumulate an α-KG antagonist, 2-HG, leading to genome-wide histone and DNA methylation alterations.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.014

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  • Increased levels of 2-HG may enable a switch to an entirely HIF-independent mechanism.

    “Therefore, it is plausible that increased levels of 2-HG may enable a switch to an entirely HIF-independent mechanism.”

    From HIF-1-Independent Mechanisms Regulating Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxic Cancer Cells (2021) · cites this paper as [152]

    The Discussion section ‘IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations Alter Histone and DNA Methylation’ (page unavailable) proposes that 2-HG-related epigenetic changes may contribute to tumorigenesis, supporting a possible mechanism beyond HIF. But the Results section ‘2-HG Treatment Inhibits PHD and C-P4H’ reports that 2-HG also increases HIF-1α; the paper does not describe a switch to an entirely HIF-independent mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • 2-hydroxyglutarate interferes with iron-dependent hydroxylases, including the TET family of 5-methylcytosine hydroxylases.

    “Mutant IDH protein produces a novel onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), that interferes with iron-dependent hydroxylases, including the TET family of 5′-methylcytosine hydroxylases3–7.”
  • Mutant IDH protein generates the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate.

    “Mutant IDH protein produces a novel onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), that interferes with iron-dependent hydroxylases, including the TET family of 5′-methylcytosine hydroxylases3–7.”
  • The observation that IDH1 and IDH2 mutations can partially phenocopy the loss of TET function may explain the mutual exclusivity of these mutations in cancer.

    “The observation that IDH1 and IDH2 mutations can partially phenocopy the loss of TET function may explain the mutual exclusivity of these mutations in cancer 95,97 .”
  • The mutant IDH enzyme competitively blocks hydroxylases, among them TET enzymes that hydroxylate 5mC.

    “Mutant IDH protein is a competitive inhibitor of hydroxylases, including the TET family of 5mC hydroxylases120–122.”

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Authors
Xu, W., Yang, H., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, P., Kim, S.-H., Ito, S., Yang, C., Wang, P., Xiao, M.-T., Liu, L.-X., Jiang, W.-Q., Liu, J., Zhang, J.-Y., Wang, B., Frye, S., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y.-H., Lei, Q.-Y., Guan, K.-L., Zhao, S.-M., & Xiong, Y.
Affiliations
  • Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Guan, Kun-Liang
  • Xiong, Yue
Venue
Cancer Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-01
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
17-30
ISSN
1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2131860315
Cited by
2,875
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 165 · 2025: 168 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 182 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 214 · 2019: 191 · 2018: 195 · 2017: 183 · 2016: 196 · 2015: 180 · 2014: 183 · 2013: 157 · 2012: 137
FWCI
90.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cancer Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (11079016, 30600112, 30871255, 30971485/C0706)
  • Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2011CB910600, 2011CB965300)
  • Project 985
  • Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2009CB918401, 2009CB918600)
  • National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Keywords
2-hydroxyglutarate, oncometabolites, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, IDH1 mutation, IDH2 mutation, histone demethylase, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, competitive inhibition, glioma, acute myeloid leukemia, DNA methylation, histone methylation, active site
MeSH terms
Animals, Binding, Competitive, Cytosine, DNA-Binding Proteins, Glioma, Glutarates, Histones, Humans, Mixed Function Oxygenases, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Ketoglutaric Acids, Models, Molecular, Oxalates, Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating, Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Gene Expression, Caenorhabditis elegans, Homeodomain Proteins, Amino Acid Substitution, Catalytic Domain, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Endostatins, 5-Methylcytosine, F-Box Proteins, Cell Line, Tumor, Dioxygenases, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Biocatalysis, Histone Demethylases, Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases

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