Cited by 360Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

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The Efficacy of Exposure Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders and Its Underlying Mechanisms: The Case of OCD and PTSD

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Foa, Edna B., McLean, Carmen P.·2016·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093533

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Abstract

In this review we describe the intricate interrelationship among basic research, conceptualization of psychopathology, treatment development, treatment outcome research, and treatment mechanism research and how the interactions among these areas of study further our knowledge about psychopathology and its treatment. In describing the work of Edna Foa and her colleagues in anxiety disorders, we demonstrate how emotional processing theory of anxiety-related disorders and their treatment using exposure therapy have generated hypotheses about the psychopathology of posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder that have informed the development and refinement of specific treatment protocols for these disorders: prolonged exposure and exposure and response (ritual) prevention. Further, we have shown that the next step after the development of theoretically driven treatment protocols is to evaluate their efficacy. Once evidence for a treatment's efficacy has accumulated, studies of the mechanisms involved in the reduction of the targeted psychopathology are conducted, which in turn inform the theory and further refine the treatments. We conclude our review with a discussion of how the knowledge derived from Foa and colleagues' programmatic research together with knowledge emerging from basic research on extinction learning can inform future research on the psychopathology of anxiety disorders and their treatments.

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Authors: Foa, E. B., & McLean, C. P.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID: Foa, Edna B.
McLean, Carmen P.
Venue: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2016-03-28
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-28
ISSN: 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
1548-5951
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093533
OpenAlex: W1923241527
Cited by: 360
References: 134
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9
FWCI: 1.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Pennsylvania
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: exposure therapy, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, prolonged exposure, exposure and response prevention, emotional processing theory, extinction learning, therapeutic mechanisms, treatment efficacy, psychopathology
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Treatment Outcome

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The Efficacy of Exposure Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders and Its Underlying Mechanisms: The Case of OCD and PTSD

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