Failure in treating obsessive–compulsives
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High overvalued ideation is characterised by increased rigidity, identification with beliefs, earlier onset of symptoms, and poorer treatment response compared to individuals with OCD without overvalued ideation.
“Furthermore, high overvalued ideation is characterised by increased rigidity, identi fi cation with beliefs, earlier onset of symptoms, and poorer treatment response compared to individuals with OCD without overvalued ideation (Foa, 1979; Nezirolgu, Stevens, McKay, & Yaryura-Tobias, 2001).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review (2013) · cites this paper as Foa, 1979
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“Severe depression can impede habituation to stimuli provocative of obsessions (Foa, 1979), thereby undermining otherwise efficacious behavior therapy for OCD (e.g. Foa et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMethodological issues in prediction of treatment outcome.
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“Some studies (38, 39) reported that OCD patients with poor insight responded less well to behavior therapy than those with good insight [however, another study failed to find such an association (40)].”
ResultA network perspective on comorbid depression in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Jones, P. J., Mair, P., Riemann, B. C., Mugno, B. L., & McNally, R. J. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.09.008 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Couples treatment of agoraphobia
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“Both anosognosia and overvalued ideation have been associated with poorer treatment adherence and treatment outcome across diagnoses (Amador et al. 1993; Foa 1979; Neziroglu 1999b).”
BackgroundResultKishore, V. R., Samar, R., Reddy, Y. C. J., Chandrasekhar, C. R., & Thennarasu, K. (2004) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.12.005 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“In the studies by Foa [10] and Foa et al.”
BackgroundResultObsessive-compulsive disorder with poor insight
Matsunaga, H., Kiriike, N., Matsui, T., Oya, K., Iwasaki, Y., Koshimune, K., Miyata, A., & Stein, D. J. (2002) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2002.30798 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
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Self-citationCognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Medication Nonresponders With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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“However in this article, I wish to review progress since the reviews of McKenna (1984) or Kozak and Foa (1994), develop a cognitive model and consider strategies for therapy. In the past 20 years, there has been little experimental data to validate the clinical observations of the descriptive psychopathology. There ha…”
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Predictors of improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder
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“Also, Foa (1979) reported that the outcome of behavioral therapy is negatively influenced by the presence of severe depressive symptoms.”
BackgroundMethodObsessive-compulsive beliefs and treatment outcome
Lelliott, P. T., Noshirvani, H., Başoğlu, M., Marks, I. M., & Monteiro, W. (1988) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700008382 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“How do obsessive-compulsives who think their beliefs are rational and do not try to resist their compulsive urges respond to treatment? Four patients whose obsessive-compulsive beliefs amounted to overvalued ideas responded poorly to 20-30 hours of therapist-aided live exposure (Foa, 1979).”
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Self-citationDanger ideation reduction therapy (DIRT) for obsessive–compulsive washers. A controlled trial
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BackgroundPredictors of Treatment Outcome in the Behavioural Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Keijsers, G. P. J., Hoogduin, C. A. L., & Schaap, C. P. D. R. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.165.6.781 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“Although initiated by Foa (1979), Rachman & Hodgson (1980), and Marks (1981), systematic research into these variables has never made much headway.”
BackgroundBehavior Therapy with Obsessive-Compulsives
Foa, E. B., Steketee, G. S., & Bj, O. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0542-0_2 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationInsight and Resistance in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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“In the research literature on OCD, this has been termed overvalued ideation (Foa, 1979; Kozak & Foa, 1994).”
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“Addressing herself to the question of failure in treating obsessive-compulsives (27), Foa found that “non-responders to behaviour therapy showed”
BackgroundPredicting behavioral treatment outcome for agoraphobia and obsessive compulsive disorder
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Schizotypal personality disorder:
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“It may be the result of decreased efficiency in the transmission of information along a specific neural pathway, a kind of temporary " autonomic dampening " (Foa, 1979, p. 173).”
BackgroundPart II. The nature of intrusive thoughts
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“Findings concerning factors involved when patients do not accept or benefit from treatment have been influential in the development of cognitive behavioural therapies (Foa, 1979).”
BackgroundToward a new nosology of obsessive compulsive disorder
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“These findings are in line with previous studies which reported a negative impact of comorbid depression on short- or longterm outcome of CBT alone or in combination with (S)SRI in obsessive-compulsives [11, 12, 26, 41].”
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“Given that imaginal and other exposures are a major component of contemporary methods for treating PTSD (e.g. Foa, 1979), the role of fear structure evocation is an important one.”
BackgroundNakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., Isomura, K., Kato, N., Yoshioka, K., & Kawamoto, M. (2005) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000086317 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
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Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) for treatment-resistant compulsive washing.
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“…it has been noted that patients with poor insight also respond to treatment poorly (Basoglu, Lax, Kasvikis, & Marks, 1988; Eisen & Rasmussen, 1993; Foa, 1979; Insel & Akiskal, 1986; Jenike, Baer, Minichiello, Schwartz, & Carey, 1986; Solyom et al., 1985), raising the question of whether there is…”
BackgroundPersonality Disorders in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Depressed mood is related to obsessions, but not to compulsions, in obsessive-compulsive disorder
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- Authors
- Foa, E. B.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Foa, Edna B.
- ORCID
- Foa, Edna B.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 169-176
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037473715
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 11.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, treatment failure, habituation, cognitive processes, depression, behavior therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior Therapy, Female, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care
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