Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: outcome at academic and community clinics
Abstract
Female assault survivors (N=171) with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomly assigned to prolonged exposure (PE) alone, PE plus cognitive restructuring (PE/CR), or wait-list (WL). Treatment, which consisted of 9-12 sessions, was conducted at an academic treatment center or at a community clinic for rape survivors. Evaluations were conducted before and after therapy and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Both treatments reduced PTSD and depression in intent-to-treat and completer samples compared with the WL condition; social functioning improved in the completer sample. The addition of CR did not enhance treatment outcome. No site differences were found: Treatment in the hands of counselors with minimal cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT) experience was as efficacious as that of CBT experts. Treatment gains were maintained at follow-up, although a minority of patients received additional treatment.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PE typically demonstrates robust improvement of 1-2 standard deviations in symptom severity.
“typically demonstrates robust improvement of 1–2 standard deviations in symptom severity (Eftekhari et al., 2013; Foa et al., 2005; Powers et al., 2010).”
From Augmenting Prolonged Exposure therapy for PTSD with intranasal oxytocin: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Foa et al., 2005
Many patients struggle with distress and avoidance during treatment, and fail to receive an adequate dose of PE.
“Many patients struggle with distress and avoidance during treatment, and fail to receive an adequate dose of PE (Foa et al., 2005; Tuerk, 2014).”
From Augmenting Prolonged Exposure therapy for PTSD with intranasal oxytocin: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Foa et al., 2005
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · Cited by 5,396 · see citing works
Self-citation(1985) · Cited by 2,882 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490060405 · Cited by 2,537 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): development and validation
Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303 · Cited by 1,727 · see citing works
Freeman, A. M. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n1112 · Cited by 1,670 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective
Dietch, J. T. (1986) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(86)72726-6 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., Riggs, D. S., & Murdock, T. B. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.59.5.715 · Cited by 1,444 · see citing works
Self-citationFoa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., Riggs, D. S., & Murdock, T. B. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.5.715 · Cited by 1,444 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Other studies of PE targeting PTSD have found it to reduce depression (Foa, Dancu, et al., 1999; Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs, & Murdock, 1991; Resick, Nishith, Weaver, Astin, & Feurer, 2002), anxiety (Foa, Dancu, et al., 1999; Foa et al., 1991 ), anger (Cahill, Rauch, Hembree, & Foa, 2003), and guilt (Resick et al., 2002).”
Self-citationResick, P. A., Nishith, P., Weaver, T. L., Astin, M. C., & Feuer, C. A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.4.867 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
Resick, P. A., Nishith, P., Weaver, T. L., Astin, M. C., & Feuer, C. A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.4.867 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD. The CAPS-1
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L., Kaloupek, D. G., Klauminzer, G. W., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1990) · Behavior Therapy · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Cloître, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.5.1067 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Cloitre, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.5.1067 · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works
Ressler, K. J., Rothbaum, B. O., Tannenbaum, L., Anderson, P., Graap, K., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., & Davis, M. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1136 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Dancu, C. V., Hembree, E. A., Jaycox, L. H., Meadows, E. A., & Street, G. P. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.67.2.194 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
Self-citation(1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Albeck, J. H. (2001) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.295 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Dancu, C. V., Hembree, E. A., Jaycox, L. H., Meadows, E. A., & Street, G. P. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.2.194 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Self-citationA survey of psychologists’ attitudes towards and utilization of exposure therapy for PTSD
Becker, C. B., Zayfert, C., & Anderson, E. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00138-4 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Treating the Trauma of Rape: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for PTSD
Ellis, E. M. (1999) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1999.53.1.126 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
The Depressed Woman. A Study of Social Relationships.
(1975) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-82-3-440_1 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees
Paunović, N., & Öst, L. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00093-0 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.5.879 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationBryant, R. A., Moulds, M. L., Guthrie, R. M., Dang, S. T., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.4.706 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Blanchard, E. B., Hickling, E. J., Devineni, T., Veazey, C. H., Galovski, T. E., Mundy, E., Malta, L. S., & Buckley, T. C. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00131-0 · Cited by 300 · cited 1× · see citing works
“’s, 2002, cognitive processing therapy); anger, dissociation, alexithymia, and emotional regulation (Cloitre, Koenen, Cohen, & Han’s, 2002, skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation/PE combination); and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (Blanchard et al., 2003).”
BackgroundReliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., et al. (1993) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf00974317 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationDismantling Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for social phobia
Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for PTSD on Anger
Cahill, S. P., Rauch, S. A. M., Hembree, E. A., & Foa, E. B. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcop.17.2.113.57434 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral Medicine: Assessment And Treatment Strategies
Doleys, D. M., Meredith, R. L., & Ciminero, A. R. (2012) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Cognitive treatment in the natural environment for agoraphobics
Williams, S. L., & Rappoport, A. (1983) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(83)80120-8 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Psychological Sequelae to Rape
Kilpatrick, D. G., Veronen, L. J., & Resick, P. A. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4070-6_19 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Advances in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder : cognitive-behavioral perspectives
Taylor, S. J. (2004) · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The investigation of exposure and cognitive therapy: Comment on Tarrier et al. (1999).
Devilly, G. J., & Foa, E. B. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.69.1.114 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationThe investigation of exposure and cognitive therapy: Comment on Tarrier et al. (1999).
Devilly, G. J., & Foa, E. B. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.1.114 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond the efficacy ceiling? Cognitive behavior therapy in search of theory
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1997) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(97)80019-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationCahill, S. P., Hembree, E. A., & Foa, E. B. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544132.029 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationMarks, I., Lovell, K., Noshirvani, H., Livanou, M., & Thrasher, S. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.4.317 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
“tion [917-919], however, another large RCT found the”
BackgroundA meta-analytic review of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder
Powers, M. B., Halpern, J. M., Ferenschak, M. P., Gillihan, S. J., & Foa, E. B. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.007 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Self-citationCusack, K., Jonas, D. E., Forneris, C. A., Wines, C., Sonis, J., Middleton, J. C., Feltner, C., Brownley, K. A., Olmsted, K. R., Greenblatt, A., et al. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.003 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Resick, P. A., Galovski, T. E., Uhlmansiek, M. O., Scher, C. D., Clum, G. A., & Young-Xu, Y. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.243 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults
Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003388.pub4 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Schnurr, P. P., Friedman, M. J., Engel, C. C., Foa, E. B., Shea, M. T., Chow, B. K., Resick, P. A., Thurston, V., Orsillo, S. M., Haug, R., et al. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.820 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Self-citationForman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445507302202 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
A Meta-Analytic Review of Adult Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Outcome Across the Anxiety Disorders
Norton, P. J., & Price, E. C. (2007) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000253843.70149.9a · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder
Imel, Z. E., Laska, K., Jakupcak, M., & Simpson, T. L. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031474 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
van Ginneken, N., Tharyan, P., Lewin, S., Rao, G. N., Meera, S., Pian, J., Chandrashekar, S., & Patel, V. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009149.pub2 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Mind the gap: improving the dissemination of CBT
Shafran, R., Clark, D. M., Fairburn, C. G., Arntz, A., Barlow, D. H., Ehlers, A., Freeston, M., Garety, P. A., Hollon, S. D., Ost, L. G., et al. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.003 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: An update on the empirical evidence
Kaczkurkin, A. N., & Foa, E. B. (2015) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2015.17.3/akaczkurkin · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Self-citationA meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy
Norberg, M. M., Krystal, J. H., & Tolin, D. F. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.012 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Stewart, R. E., & Chambless, D. L. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016032 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Karlin, B. E., Ruzek, J. I., Chard, K. M., Eftekhari, A., Monson, C. M., Hembree, E. A., Resick, P. A., & Foa, E. B. (2010) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20588 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationBlechert, J., Michael, T., Vriends, N., Margraf, J., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.012 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Lewis, C., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Starling, E., & Bisson, J. I. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1729633 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
“Foa 2005 [71] 179 USA PE (CBT-T) WL General Population Assault 100 17% 34% Foa 2018 [72] 256 USA Spaced PE (CBT-T) PCT MC/RA Military Personnel/Veterans Military Trauma 12 100% 66%”
BackgroundNeuner, F., Onyut, P. L., Ertl, V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, E., & Elbert, T. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.4.686 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Harned, M. S., Korslund, K. E., & Linehan, M. M. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.01.008 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Lewis, C., Roberts, N. P., Gibson, S., & Bisson, J. I. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1709709 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., & McLean, C. P. (2016) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093533 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Self-citationFoa, E. B., McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Rosenfield, D., Yadin, E., Yarvis, J. S., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Borah, E. V., Dondanville, K. A., et al. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21242 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Self-citationEffectiveness of national implementation of prolonged exposure therapy in Veterans affairs care
Eftekhari, A., Ruzek, J. I., Crowley, J. J., Rosen, C. S., Greenbaum, M. A., & Karlin, B. E. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.36 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Arch, J. J., & Craske, M. G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00137.x · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Resick, P. A., Williams, L. F., Suvak, M. K., Monson, C. M., & Gradus, J. L. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026602 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Harned, M. S., Korslund, K. E., Foa, E. B., & Linehan, M. M. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.011 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationFoa, E. B., Yusko, D. A., McLean, C. P., Suvak, M. K., Bux, D. A., Oslin, D., O’Brien, C. P., Imms, P., Riggs, D. S., & Volpicelli, J. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.8268 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A review
Kar, N. (2011) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s10389 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Tsai, J., Harpaz-Rotem, I., Pietrzak, R. H., & Southwick, S. M. (2012) · Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes · doi:10.1521/psyc.2012.75.2.135 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
The contribution of cultural competence to evidence-based care for ethnically diverse populations
Huey, S. J., Tilley, J. L., Jones, E. O., & Smith, C. A. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153729 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Examining potential contraindications for prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD
van Minnen, A., Harned, M. S., Zoellner, L., & Mills, K. (2012) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.18805 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Cognitive change predicts symptom reduction with cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Kleim, B., Grey, N., Wild, J., Nussbeck, F. W., Stott, R., Hackmann, A., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031290 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Botella, C., Serrano, B., baños, R., & García-Palacios, A. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s89542 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
de Kleine, R. A., Hendriks, G.-J., Kusters, W. J. C., Broekman, T. G., & van Minnen, A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.033 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Bryant, R. A., Moulds, M. L., Guthrie, R. M., Dang, S. T., Mastrodomenico, J., Nixon, R. D. V., Felmingham, K. L., Hopwood, S., & Creamer, M. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012616 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Are the parts as good as the whole? A meta-analysis of component treatment studies.
Bell, E. C., Marcus, D. K., & Goodlad, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033004 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Forbes, D., Lloyd, D., Nixon, R. D. V., Elliott, P., Varker, T., Perry, D., Bryant, R. A., & Creamer, M. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.006 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Kearney, D. J., McDermott, K., Malte, C., Martinez, M., & Simpson, T. L. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21911 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Karyotaki, E., Kemmeren, L., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Kleiboer, A., Mira, A., Mackinnon, A., Meyer, B., Botella, C., et al. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000648 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Jonas, D. E., Cusack, K., Forneris, C., Wilkins, T. M., Sonis, J., Middleton, J. C., Feltner, C., Meredith, D., Cavanaugh, J., Brownley, K. A., et al. (2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e553842013-001 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Narrative Exposure Therapy versus Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Schaal, S., Elbert, T., & Neuner, F. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000229768 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Garcia, H. A., Kelley, L. P., Rentz, T. O., & Lee, S. (2011) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/a0022705 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Marshall‐Berenz, E. C., Vujanovic, A. A., Bonn‐Miller, M. O., Bernstein, A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20568 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“Such a mechanism is noteworthy in the context of PTSD, insofar as the emotional and cognitive processing of such painful and distressing affective states, and the individual’s willingness to engage in these experiential states, may be central mechanisms underlying recovery from trauma exposure (Foa et al., 2005; Resic…”
BackgroundPsychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence
Hameed, M., O'Doherty, L., Gilchrist, G., Tirado-Muñoz, J., Taft, A., Chondros, P., Feder, G., Tan, M., & Hegarty, K. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013017.pub2 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Sloan, D. M., Marx, B. P., Bovin, M. J., Feinstein, B. A., & Gallagher, M. W. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.07.001 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Ehlers, A., Grey, N., Wild, J., Stott, R., Liness, S., Deale, A., Handley, R., Albert, I., Cullen, D., Hackmann, A., et al. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.08.006 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The potential impact of mindfulness on exposure and extinction learning in anxiety disorders
Treanor, M. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.003 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Implementing evidence-based treatment protocols: flexibility within fidelity
Kendall, P. C., & Frank, H. E. (2018) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12271 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
BAŞOĞLU, M., ŞALCIOĞLU, E., & LIVANOU, M. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706009123 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Wald, I., Degnan, K. A., Gorodetsky, E., Charney, D. S., Fox, N. A., Fruchter, E., Goldman, D., Lubin, G., Pine, D. S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.188 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Doubly Randomized Preference Trial of Prolonged Exposure Versus Sertraline for Treatment of PTSD
Zoellner, L. A., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Mavissakalian, M., & Feeny, N. C. (2019) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17090995 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationHendriks, L., Kleine, R. A. D., Broekman, T. G., Hendriks, G.-J., & Minnen, A. V. (2018) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1425574 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Helpman, L., Marin, M.-F., Papini, S., Zhu, X., Sullivan, G. M., Schneier, F., Neria, M., Shvil, E., Malaga Aragon, M. J., Markowitz, J. C., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.007 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Rape treatment outcome research: Empirical findings and state of the literature
Vickerman, K. A., & Margolin, G. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.004 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the influence of comorbidity on treatment outcome in the anxiety disorders
Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.008 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Flanagan, J. C., Sippel, L. M., Wahlquist, A., Moran-Santa Maria, M. M., & Back, S. E. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.014 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Implementing dialectical behaviour therapy: programme survival in routine healthcare settings
Swales, M. A., Taylor, B., & Hibbs, R. A. B. (2012) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2012.689435 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Wade, D., Varker, T., Kartal, D., Hetrick, S., O'Donnell, M., & Forbes, D. (2016) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000110 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Andersen, T. E., Karstoft, K., Brink, O., & Elklit, A. (2016) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.848 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Efficacy of Telehealth Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress-Related Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis
Sloan, D. M., Gallagher, M. W., Feinstein, B. A., Lee, D. J., & Pruneau, G. M. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2010.550058 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Testing the allegiance bias hypothesis: a meta-analysis
Munder, T., Gerger, H., Trelle, S., & Barth, J. (2011) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2011.602752 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
McLaughlin, A. A., Keller, S. M., Feeny, N. C., Youngstrom, E. A., & Zoellner, L. A. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034696 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationOutcomes of prolonged exposure therapy for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Goodson, J. T., Lefkowitz, C. M., Helstrom, A. W., & Gawrysiak, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21830 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Comparing relaxation training and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for women with breast cancer
Cohen, M., & Fried, G. (2007) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731506293741 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Munder, T., Flückiger, C., Gerger, H., Wampold, B. E., & Barth, J. (2012) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029571 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Grillon, C. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.04.017 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Feeny, N. C., Zoellner, L. A., Mavissakalian, M. R., & Roy-Byrne, P. P. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20588 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationBelleau, E. L., Chin, E. G., Wanklyn, S. G., Zambrano-Vazquez, L., Schumacher, J. A., & Coffey, S. F. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.011 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Littleton, H., Grills, A. E., Kline, K. D., Schoemann, A. M., & Dodd, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Rossouw, J., Yadin, E., Alexander, D., & Seedat, S. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.130 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Trauma narratives: it’s what you say, not how you say it
Jaeger, J., Lindblom, K. M., Parker-Guilbert, K., & Zoellner, L. A. (2014) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0035239 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Dissemination and implementation of prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
McLean, C. P., & Foa, E. B. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.03.004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationA preliminary investigation of sudden gains in exposure therapy for PTSD
Doane, L. S., Feeny, N. C., & Zoellner, L. A. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.02.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat Makes a Quality Therapy? A Consideration of Parsimony, Ease, and Efficiency
Cougle, J. R. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.12.007 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Interian, A., Kline, A., Callahan, L., & Losonczy, M. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100337 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Alcohol, cannabis, and other drug use: Engagement and outcome in PTSD treatment
Bedard-Gilligan, M., Garcia, N., Zoellner, L. A., & Feeny, N. C. (2018) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000355 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationŞalcıoğlu, E., Başoğlu, M., & Livanou, M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.012 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Scherr, S. R., Herbert, J. D., & Forman, E. M. (2015) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.12.002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Guidelines for the treatment of PTSD using clinical EFT (emotional freedom techniques)
Church, D., Stapleton, P., Mollon, P., Feinstein, D., Boath, E., Mackay, D., & Sims, R. (2018) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare6040146 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Peskin, M., Wyka, K., Cukor, J., Olden, M., Altemus, M., Lee, F. S., & Difede, J. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.03.001 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Evaluating the Implementation of Home-Based Videoconferencing for Providing Mental Health Services
Interian, A., King, A. R., St. Hill, L. M., Robinson, C. H., & Damschroder, L. J. (2018) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201700004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Harned, M. S., Wilks, C. R., Schmidt, S. C., & Coyle, T. N. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.02.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood
O'Doherty, L., Whelan, M., Carter, G. J., Brown, K., Tarzia, L., Hegarty, K., Feder, G., & Brown, S. J. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013456.pub2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Deployed soldiers’ reactions to exposure and medication treatments for PTSD
Reger, G. M., Durham, T. L., Tarantino, K. A., Luxton, D. D., Holloway, K. M., & Lee, J. A. (2013) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0028409 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Longitudinal research with sexual assault survivors: a methodological review
Campbell, R., Brown Sprague, H., Cottrill, S., & Sullivan, C. M. (2011) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260510363424 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Beyond the Constraints of an RCT: Naturalistic treatment outcomes for anxiety-related disorders
Asnaani, A., Benhamou, K., Kaczkurkin, A. N., Turk-Karan, E., & Foa, E. B. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.07.007 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationMarshall-Berenz, E. C., Vujanovic, A. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Harned, M. S., Gallop, R. J., & Valenstein-Mah, H. R. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1252865 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
From the lab to the clinic: effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders
van Ingen, D. J., Freiheit, S. R., & Vye, C. S. (2009) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0013318 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lord, K. A., Suvak, M. K., Holmes, S., Shields, N., Lane, J. E. M., Sijercic, I., Wagner, A. C., Stirman, S. W., & Monson, C. M. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.08.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Psychotherapy for PTSD: An evidence-based guide to a theranostic approach to treatment
Goodnight, J. R. M., Ragsdale, K. A., Rauch, S. A. M., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationEhlers, A., Mauchnik, J., & Handley, R. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.009 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wangelin, B. C., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Tuerk, P. W. (2013) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.08.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rossouw, J., Yadin, E., Alexander, D., Mbanga, I., Jacobs, T., & Seedat, S. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1677-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“PE for adults has been shown to be effective within a community setting [18] and meets the requirements for dissemination.”
BackgroundVogel, A., & Rosner, R. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-019-00305-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Reduction in Suicidal Ideation from Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Adolescents
Brown, L. A., Belli, G., Suzuki, N., Capaldi, S., & Foa, E. B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2019.1614003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationCombat PTSD and implicit behavioral tendencies for positive affective stimuli: A brief report
Clausen, A. N., Youngren, W., Sisante, J.-F. V., Billinger, S. A., Taylor, C., & Aupperle, R. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00758 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kehle, S. M. (2008) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070802190262 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zang, Y., Su, Y., McLean, C. P., & Foa, E. B. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22412 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationStarting from something: augmenting exposure therapy and methods of inquiry
Tuerk, P. W. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14070880 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., Cahill, S. P., Rauch, S. A. M., Riggs, D. S., Feeny, N. C., & Yadin, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 953-964
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2113294191
- Cited by
- 931
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 33.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 42178, R01MH042178)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- prolonged exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive restructuring, rape victims, sexual assault, depression, social functioning, treatment outcomes, community clinics, treatment efficacy, maintenance of treatment gains
- MeSH terms
- Academic Medical Centers, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Community Mental Health Centers, Counseling, Female, Humans, Regression Analysis, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Time Factors, Waiting Lists, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Survivors, Crime Victims
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
