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Uniting Germline and Stem Cells: The Function of Piwi Proteins and the piRNA Pathway in Diverse Organisms
Open accessAbstract
The topipotency of the germline is the full manifestation of the pluri- and multipotency of embryonic and adult stem cells, thus the germline and stem cells must share common mechanisms that guarantee their multipotentials in development. One of the few such known shared mechanisms is represented by Piwi proteins, which constitute one of the two subfamilies of the Argonaute protein family. Piwi proteins bind to Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are generally 26 to 31 nucleotides in length. Both Piwi proteins and piRNAs are most abundantly expressed in the germline. Moreover, Piwi proteins are expressed broadly in certain types of somatic stem/progenitor cells and other somatic cells across animal phylogeny. Recent studies indicate that the Piwi-piRNA pathway mediates epigenetic programming and posttranscriptional regulation, which may be responsible for its function in germline specification, gametogenesis, stem cell maintenance, transposon silencing, and genome integrity in diverse organisms.
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“components of the piRNA pathway are associated with stem cell self-renewal and are aberrantly expressed in several types of somatic tumors50”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Juliano, C., Wang, J., & Lin, H.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Genetics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-12-15
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 447-469
- ISSN
- 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2948
- PMC
- PMC3832951
- OpenAlex
- W2141749757
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DP1OD006852, DP1OD006825)
- National Cancer Institute (DP1CA174418)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (F32GM090372)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD37760S1, R03HD042042, R01HD42042, R01HD042012, R01HD033760)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- PIWI proteins, piRNA pathway, piRNA, germline, stem cells, Argonaute proteins, epigenetic programming, post-transcriptional regulation, germline specification, gametogenesis, stem cell maintenance, transposon silencing, genome stability
- MeSH terms
- Animals, DNA Transposable Elements, Drosophila, Germ Cells, Humans, Repressor Proteins, Reproduction, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, RNA, Messenger, Stem Cells, Protein Biosynthesis, Evolution, Molecular, RNA, Small Interfering, Epigenesis, Genetic, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Argonaute Proteins
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