Cited by 2,796Neural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 170 of the 172 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mechanisms of Gamma Oscillations

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Buzsáki, György, Wang, Xiao-Jing·2012·Annual Review of Neuroscience

Abstract

Gamma rhythms are commonly observed in many brain regions during both waking and sleep states, yet their functions and mechanisms remain a matter of debate. Here we review the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying gamma oscillations and outline empirical questions and controversial conceptual issues. Our main points are as follows: First, gamma-band rhythmogenesis is inextricably tied to perisomatic inhibition. Second, gamma oscillations are short-lived and typically emerge from the coordinated interaction of excitation and inhibition, which can be detected as local field potentials. Third, gamma rhythm typically concurs with irregular firing of single neurons, and the network frequency of gamma oscillations varies extensively depending on the underlying mechanism. To document gamma oscillations, efforts should be made to distinguish them from mere increases of gamma-band power and/or increased spiking activity. Fourth, the magnitude of gamma oscillation is modulated by slower rhythms. Such cross-frequency coupling may serve to couple active patches of cortical circuits. Because of their ubiquitous nature and strong correlation with the "operational modes" of local circuits, gamma oscillations continue to provide important clues about neuronal population dynamics in health and disease.

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  1. Das NN, 1955, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 6, 211

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Metadata

Authors
Buzsáki, G., & Wang, X.-J.
Affiliations
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • Yale University (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Neuroscience
Published
2012-07-21
Volume
35
Issue
1
Pages
203-225
ISSN
  • 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4126
OpenAlex
W2162013747
Cited by
2,796
References
172
Citations by year
2026: 221 · 2025: 273 · 2024: 226 · 2023: 220 · 2022: 216 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 233 · 2019: 212 · 2018: 208 · 2017: 187 · 2016: 149 · 2015: 153 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 20
FWCI
9.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH054671, R01MH062349, MH54671)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS034994, NS034994)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
Keywords
gamma oscillations, rhythmogenesis, perisomatic inhibition, excitation-inhibition balance, local field potentials, cross-frequency coupling, slow oscillations, cortical circuits, neural population dynamics, sleep, waking state
MeSH terms
Action Potentials, Animals, Brain, Humans, Membrane Potentials, Models, Neurological, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Brain Waves

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