Cited by 470Language and cultural evolutionEvolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorPrimate Behavior and Ecology

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Survival of the Friendliest: Homo sapiens Evolved via Selection for Prosociality

Hare, Brian·2017·Annual Review of Psychology

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Abstract

The challenge of studying human cognitive evolution is identifying unique features of our intelligence while explaining the processes by which they arose. Comparisons with nonhuman apes point to our early-emerging cooperative-communicative abilities as crucial to the evolution of all forms of human cultural cognition, including language. The human self-domestication hypothesis proposes that these early-emerging social skills evolved when natural selection favored increased in-group prosociality over aggression in late human evolution. As a by-product of this selection, humans are predicted to show traits of the domestication syndrome observed in other domestic animals. In reviewing comparative, developmental, neurobiological, and paleoanthropological research, compelling evidence emerges for the predicted relationship between unique human mentalizing abilities, tolerance, and the domestication syndrome in humans. This synthesis includes a review of the first a priori test of the self-domestication hypothesis as well as predictions for future tests.

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Authors: Hare, B.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Corresponding author: Hare, Brian
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2017-01-03
Volume: 68
Issue: 1
Pages: 155-186
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044201
OpenAlex: W2531505017
Semantic Scholar: 85a93b497c1862a88b7313e5f5dd5d340f4f5b7f
Cited by: 444
References: 206
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 18
FWCI: 19.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: prosocial behavior, human cognitive evolution, domestication syndrome, in-group cooperation, aggression, language evolution, mentalization, tolerance, social cognition, human evolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Communication, Cooperative Behavior, Biological Evolution, Humans, Intelligence, Social Behavior, Temperament

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Survival of the Friendliest: Homo sapiens Evolved via Selection for Prosociality

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