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Survival of the Friendliest: Homo sapiens Evolved via Selection for Prosociality
Abstract
The challenge of studying human cognitive evolution is identifying unique features of our intelligence while explaining the processes by which they arose. Comparisons with nonhuman apes point to our early-emerging cooperative-communicative abilities as crucial to the evolution of all forms of human cultural cognition, including language. The human self-domestication hypothesis proposes that these early-emerging social skills evolved when natural selection favored increased in-group prosociality over aggression in late human evolution. As a by-product of this selection, humans are predicted to show traits of the domestication syndrome observed in other domestic animals. In reviewing comparative, developmental, neurobiological, and paleoanthropological research, compelling evidence emerges for the predicted relationship between unique human mentalizing abilities, tolerance, and the domestication syndrome in humans. This synthesis includes a review of the first a priori test of the self-domestication hypothesis as well as predictions for future tests.
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“both dogs and domesticated foxes outperform all non-human primates in tests of cooperative communication [34].”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“Anatomically modern humans (AMHs) exhibit a suite of craniofacial and prosocial characteristics that are reminiscent of traits distinguishing domesticated species from their wild counterparts (1–3).”
From Dosage analysis of the 7q11.23 Williams region identifies BAZ1B as a major human gene patterning the modern human face and underlying self-domestication (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hare, B.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hare, Brian
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2017-01-03
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 155-186
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W2531505017
- Semantic Scholar
- 85a93b497c1862a88b7313e5f5dd5d340f4f5b7f
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 18
- FWCI
- 19.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- prosocial behavior, human cognitive evolution, domestication syndrome, in-group cooperation, aggression, language evolution, mentalization, tolerance, social cognition, human evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Communication, Cooperative Behavior, Biological Evolution, Humans, Intelligence, Social Behavior, Temperament
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