A phenotypic null hypothesis for the genetics of personality.

Turkheimer, Eric; Pettersson, Erik; Horn, Erin E.

doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143752

Cited by 194Personality Traits and PsychologyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorCognitive Abilities and Testing

A phenotypic null hypothesis for the genetics of personality.

Turkheimer, Eric, Pettersson, Erik, Horn, Erin E.·2014·Annual Review of Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143752

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Abstract

We review the genetically informed literature on the genetics of personality. Over the past century, quantitative genetic studies, using identical and fraternal twins, have demonstrated that differences in human personality are substantially heritable. We focus on more contemporary questions to which that basic observation has led. We examine whether differences in the heritability of personality are replicable across different traits, samples, and studies; how the heritability of personality relates to its reliability; and how behavior genetics can be employed in studies of validity, and we discuss the stability of personality in genetic and environmental variance. The appropriate null hypothesis in behavior genetics is not that genetic or environmental influence on personality is zero. Instead, we offer a phenotypic null hypothesis, which states that genetic variance is not an independent mechanism of individual differences in personality but rather a reflection of processes that are best conceptualized at the phenotypic level.

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Authors: Turkheimer, E., Pettersson, E., & Horn, E. E.
Affiliations: University of Virginia (US)
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
ORCID: Turkheimer, Eric
Pettersson, Erik
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2014-01-03
Volume: 65
Issue: 1
Pages: 515-540
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143752
OpenAlex: W2145597092
Cited by: 194
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: personality genetics, heritability, behavioral genetics, twin studies, reliability statistics, validity, genetic variance, environmental variance, individual differences
MeSH terms: Humans, Individuality, Personality, Phenotype, Social Environment, Twins

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A phenotypic null hypothesis for the genetics of personality.

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