Cited by 541Race, Genetics, and SocietyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchHealth disparities and outcomes

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RACE AND ETHNICITY IN PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH: Models to Explain Health Disparities

Dressler, William W., Oths, Kathryn S., Gravlee, Clarence C.·2005·Annual Review of Anthropology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120505

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Abstract

The description and explanation of racial and ethnic health disparities are major initiatives of the public health research establishment. Black Americans suffer on nearly every measure of health in relation to white Americans. Five theoretical models have been proposed to explain these disparities: a racial-genetic model, a health-behavior model, a socioeconomic status model, a psychosocial stress model, and a structural-constructivist model. We selectively review literature on health disparities, emphasizing research on low birth weight and high blood pressure. The psychosocial stress model and the structural-constructivist model offer greatest promise to explain disparities. In future research, theoretical elaboration and operational specificity are needed to distinguish among three distinct factors: (a) genetic variants contributing to disease risk; (b) ethnoracial or folk racial categories masquerading as biology; and (c) ethnic group membership. Such elaboration is necessary to move beyond the conflation of these three distinct constructs that characterizes much of current research.

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Authors: Dressler, W. W., Oths, K. S., & Gravlee, C. C.
Affiliations: University of Alabama (US)
Florida State University (US)
ORCID: Dressler, William W.
Oths, Kathryn S.
Gravlee, Clarence C.
Venue: Annual Review of Anthropology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2005-10-01
Volume: 34
Issue: 1
Pages: 231-252
ISSN: 0084-6570 (ISSN-L)
1545-4290
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120505
OpenAlex: W2124160024
Cited by: 541
References: 125
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 1.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Anthropology (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
Topics: Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords: racial and ethnic health disparities, African Americans, health behavior models, low birth weight, hypertension, genetic variants, ethnic group membership

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RACE AND ETHNICITY IN PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH: Models to Explain Health Disparities

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