Cited by 1,323Genomics and Phylogenetic StudiesChromosomal and Genetic VariationsGenome Rearrangement Algorithms

Orthologs, Paralogs, and Evolutionary Genomics

Koonin, Eugene V.·2005·Annual Review of Genetics

Abstract

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A clear distinction between orthologs and paralogs is critical for the construction of a robust evolutionary classification of genes and reliable functional annotation of newly sequenced genomes. Genome comparisons show that orthologous relationships with genes from taxonomically distant species can be established for the majority of the genes from each sequenced genome. This review examines in depth the definitions and subtypes of orthologs and paralogs, outlines the principal methodological approaches employed for identification of orthology and paralogy, and considers evolutionary and functional implications of these concepts.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725

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Authors
Koonin, E. V.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Koonin, Eugene V.
Venue
Annual Review of Genetics
Published
2005-12-01
Volume
39
Issue
1
Pages
309-338
ISSN
  • 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2948
OpenAlex
W2145100181
Cited by
1,323
References
106
Citations by year
2026: 47 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 69
FWCI
3.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genome Rearrangement Algorithms
Keywords
orthologs, paralogs, homologous genes, gene duplication, gene evolution, comparative genomics
MeSH terms
Animals, Conserved Sequence, Evolution, Molecular, Computational Biology, Genomics

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