Cited by 343Legal processes and jurisprudencePolicing Practices and PerceptionsSocial Power and Status Dynamics

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VOICE, CONTROL, AND BELONGING: The Double-Edged Sword of Procedural Fairness

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MacCoun, Robert J.·2005·Annual Review of Law and Social Science

DOI 10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.1.041604.115958

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Abstract

▪ Abstract The procedural justice literature has grown enormously since the early work of Thibaut and Walker in the 1970s. Since then, the finding that citizens care enormously about the process by which outcomes are reached—even unfavorable outcomes—has been replicated a wide range of methodologies (including panel surveys, psychometric work, and experimentation), cultures (throughout North America, Europe, and Asia), and settings (including tort litigation, policing, taxpayer compliance, support for public policies, and organizational citizenship). We have learned a great deal about the antecedents and consequences of these judgments. In particular, the work of Tom Tyler and Allan Lind and their colleagues suggests that people care about voice, dignity, and respect for relational and symbolic reasons rather than (or in addition to) instrumental reasons. This finding has benevolent implications for governance and social cooperation, but also some troubling implications, leaving people susceptible to manipulation and exploitation.

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“…(1993), Kitzmann and Emery (1994), Kochel (2012), LaTour (1978), Lind et al. (1973, 1978, 1993, 2000), Lowrey et al. (2016), Ma et al. (2014), MacCoun (2005), MacQueen and Bradford (2015), Mastrofski (2015), Mazerolle et al. (2013b), McGarrell et al. (1999), Miller (2001), Nagin and Telep…”
7 Is There a Psychology of Judging?
Schauer, F. F. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367584.003.0007 · Cited by 36
A Measure of Fairness: An Investigative Framework to Explore Perceptions of Fairness and Justice in a Real-Life Social Conflict
Gross, C. (2008) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · Cited by 35
Understanding the Contingency of Procedural Justice Outcomes
Cherney, A., & Murphy, K. (2011) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/par030 · Cited by 35
Juror Perceptions of the Legitimacy of Legal Authorities and Decision Making in Criminal Cases
Farrell, A. S., Pennington, L., & Cronin, S. W. (2012) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01323.x · Cited by 35
Mattering Mediates Between Fairness and Well-being
Scarpa, M. P., Martino, S. D., & Prilleltensky, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.744201 · Cited by 43
Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality
Tyler, T. R., & Nobo, C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009308014 · Cited by 36
Honing the stone: refining restorative justice as a vehicle for emotional redress
Doak, J. (2011) · Contemporary Justice Review · doi:10.1080/10282580.2011.616374 · Cited by 32
“In spite of some initial skepticism toward Tyler’s work, subsequent research has affirmed a strong correlation between perceptions of procedural fairness and the willingness of the citizenry to cooperate with state agencies and public policies (see generally MacCoun, 2005; Tyler et al., 2007).”
Background
Congressional Mobilization of Private Litigants: Evidence from the Civil Rights Act of 1991
Farhang, S. (2009) · Journal of Empirical Legal Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2009.01136.x · Cited by 32
“…choice, the model ignores potential litigants’ noneconomic motives, such as utility derived from telling one’s side of the story in a conflict (e.g., MacCoun 2005), or from litigation as a form of political participation and action (e.g., Giles & Lancaster 1989; McCann 1994), or dis-utility from…”
Background
Compliance with the law and policing by consent: notes on police and legal legitimacy
Nellis, M. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203113998-9 · Cited by 31
How to Measure the Price and Quality of Access to Justice?Preprint
Barendrecht, M., Mulder, J., & Giesen, I. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.949209 · Cited by 31
Young People Who Use Drugs Views Toward the Power and Authority of Police Officers
Greer, A., Selfridge, M., Watson, T. M., Macdonald, S., & Pauly, B. (2021) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/00914509211058989 · Cited by 29
“However, some scholars suggest that focusing on procedural justice is a “double edge sword” (MacCoun, 2005)—focusing on procedural justice and bounded authority may only normalize the role of policing in society and detract from larger structural changes such as legal reform (Thacher, 2019).”
Background
1 Motivation and Judicial Behavior: Expanding the Scope of Inquiry
Baum, L. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367584.003.0001 · Cited by 31
Going Outside the Law: The Role of the State in Shaping Attitudes to Private Acts of Violence
Tyler, T. R., Jackson, J., Huq, A. Z., & Bradford, B. (2012) · bepress Legal Repository · Cited by 30
“It’s Not Over When It’s Over”―Post-Decision Arrangements and Empirical Legitimacy
de Fine Licht, J., Agerberg, M., & Esaiasson, P. (2022) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muab023 · Cited by 28
In search of legitimacy: restorative youth conferencing in Northern Ireland
Doak, J., & O’Mahony, D. (2011) · Legal Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00190.x · Cited by 27
How does voice matter? Evidence from the ultimatum game
Ong, Q., Riyanto, Y. E., & Sheffrin, S. M. (2012) · Experimental Economics · doi:10.1007/s10683-012-9316-x · Cited by 24
Unexpected events during survey design and trust in the police: a systematic review
Nägel, C., & Nivette, A. E. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-022-09508-y · Cited by 31
“Increasingly, scholars have emphasized the need for caution in interpreting causal effects in policing research that relies on observational data (Cook 2015; Graziano 2019; MacCoun 2005).”
The “Dark Side” of Institutional Trust
Neal, T. M. S., Shockley, E., & Schilke, O. S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22261-5_10 · Cited by 25
“For example, MacCoun (2005) asserted that the body of work on procedural justice – ways in which public institutions such as police and the courts can behave to improve public cooperation and compliance – has troubling implications for leaving people susceptible to manipulation and exploitation.”
Background
The Importance of Building Good Relationships in Community Corrections: Evidence, Theory and Practice of the Therapeutic Alliance
Bourgon, G., & Guiterrez, L. (2013) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137019523_15 · Cited by 25
Are energy transitions reproducing inequalities? Power, social stigma and distributive (in)justice in Mexico
Velasco‐Herrejón, P., & Bauwens, T. (2024) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102883 · Cited by 24
The Relation among Voice Value, Policy Outcomes, and Intensity of Support on Fairness Assessments of Tax Legislation
Hogan, B., Maroney, J. J., & Rupert, T. J. (2012) · Journal of the American Taxation Association · doi:10.2308/atax-50351 · Cited by 24
“In summary, the positive effects found for voice on procedural fairness perceptions have been very robust and have been explored over a large number of decision contexts (MacCoun 2005), with the primary finding being that when individuals are allowed to provide voice (input) into a decision process, their evaluations…”
Background
Rights consciousness in criminal procedure: A theoretical and empirical inquiry
Young, K. M. (2009) · Sociology of crime, law and deviance · doi:10.1108/s1521-6136(2009)0000012007 · Cited by 23
Judging in lower courts: Conventional, procedural, therapeutic and feminist approaches
Hunter, R., Anleu, S. R., & Mack, K. (2016) · International Journal of Law in Context · doi:10.1017/s1744552316000240 · Cited by 23
“The procedural justice literature tends not to question substantive decisions, or assumes that they are themselves ‘correct’ and ‘legitimate’ (MacCoun, 2005).”
Background
Fairness at Trial: The Impact of Procedural Justice and Other Experiential Factors on Criminal Defendants’ Perceptions of Court Legitimacy in Poland
Burdziej, S., Guzik, K., & Pilitowski, B. (2018) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1111/lsi.12358 · Cited by 22
“This de-emphasis of social inequality reflects what has been described as “the dark side of procedural justice” (MacCoun 2005, 193).”
Background
Satisfied? Exploring Victims’ Justice Judgments
Holder, R. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137383938_9 · Cited by 22
Restorative Justice and “Empowerment”: Producing and Governing Active Subjects through “Empowering” Practices
Richards, K. (2010) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-010-9106-8 · Cited by 22
“It should be noted first that while (Tyler et al. 2007) has amassed an extensive body of research evidence that demonstrates that procedural fairness is important to participants in criminal justice procedures (see MacCoun 2005 for a review), and that participants who perceive such procedures as fair are more likely t…”
BackgroundInfluential
A pilot study exploring mental health consumers’ experiences with the police
Jones, L. B., & Thomas, S. D. M. (2018) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2018.1504240 · Cited by 23
“These pilot findings therefore provide initial evidence in support of procedural justice theory that emphasises that procedural elements of police encounters are more important than the outcome of the encounters (MacCoun, 2005).”
Result
Strategies for engaging foster care youth in permanency planning family team conferences
Augsberger, A. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.04.015 · Cited by 22
3 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Models of Judicial Reasoning
Bartels, B. L. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367584.003.0003 · Cited by 22

Authors: MacCoun, R. J.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: MacCoun, Robert J.
ORCID: MacCoun, Robert J.
Venue: Annual Review of Law and Social Science
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2005-12-01
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 171-201
ISSN: 1550-3585 (ISSN-L)
1550-3631
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.1.041604.115958
OpenAlex: W2124877571
Cited by: 343
References: 190
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 14.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-sa
Locations: Annual Review of Law and Social Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-sa)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Law › Legal processes and jurisprudence
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Keywords: procedural justice, voice, control, sense of belonging, public trust in government, social cooperation, public policy support, organizational citizenship behavior

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VOICE, CONTROL, AND BELONGING: The Double-Edged Sword of Procedural Fairness

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