The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease
Abstract
Free radicals and antioxidants are widely discussed in the clinical and nutritional literature. Antioxidants are needed to prevent the formation and oppose the actions of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are generated in vivo and cause damage to DNA, lipids, proteins, and other biomolecules. Endogenous antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutases, H 2 O 2-removing enzymes, metal binding proteins) are inadequate to prevent damage completely, so dietderived antioxidants are important in maintaining health. Many dietary compounds have been suggested to be important antioxidants: The evidence for a key role of vitamins E and C is strong, but that for carotenoids and related plant pigments is weaker. Interest is also growing in the role of plant phenolics, especially flavonoids. Some antioxidants can exert prooxidant effects in vitro, but their physiological relevance is uncertain. Experimental approaches to the optimization of antioxidant nutrient intake are proposed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
[1] Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview
Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1990) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-b · Cited by 4,994
Self-citationDiet and Health: What Should We Eat?
Willett, W. C. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8160011 · Cited by 1,008
Smith, C., Mitchinson, M. J., Aruoma, O. I., & Halliwell, B. (1992) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2860901 · Cited by 455
Self-citation
Cited by
Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Valko, M., Rhodes, C. J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M., & Mazur, M. (2006) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009 · Cited by 6,680
Uttara, B., Singh, A., Zamboni, P., & Mahajan, R. (2009) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015909787602823 · Cited by 3,378
Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P. (2015) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018 · Cited by 3,081
Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Gluud, L. L., Simonetti, R. G., & Gluud, C. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.842 · Cited by 2,275
Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview
Gulcin, İ. (2020) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3 · Cited by 2,205
Metadata
- Authors
- Halliwell, B.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1996-07
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-50
- ISSN
- 0199-9885 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4312
- OpenAlex
- W2180470224
- Cited by
- 1,833
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 14.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.000341
- The paper
- Halliwell, B. (1996). Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease. Annual Review of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.000341
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.