Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

Uttara, Bayani; Singh, Ajay; Zamboni, Paolo; Mahajan, R.

doi:10.2174/157015909787602823

Cited by 3,378Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressNeurological Disorders and TreatmentsPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

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Uttara, Bayani, Singh, Ajay, Zamboni, Paolo, Mahajan, R.·2009·Current Neuropharmacology

DOI 10.2174/157015909787602823PMC PMC2724665

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Abstract

Free radicals are common outcome of normal aerobic cellular metabolism. In-built antioxidant system of body plays its decisive role in prevention of any loss due to free radicals. However, imbalanced defense mechanism of antioxidants, overproduction or incorporation of free radicals from environment to living system leads to serious penalty leading to neuro-degeneration. Neural cells suffer functional or sensory loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Apart from several other environmental or genetic factors, oxidative stress (OS) leading to free radical attack on neural cells contributes calamitous role to neuro-degeneration. Though, oxygen is imperative for life, imbalanced metabolism and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation end into a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, aging and many other neural disorders. Toxicity of free radicals contributes to proteins and DNA injury, inflammation, tissue damage and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Antioxidants are now being looked upon as persuasive therapeutic against solemn neuronal loss, as they have capability to combat by neutralizing free radicals. Diet is major source of antioxidants, as well as medicinal herbs are catching attention to be commercial source of antioxidants at present. Recognition of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapy to oxidative stress has been proved an effective tool in alteration of any neuronal damage as well as free radical scavenging. Antioxidants have a wide scope to sequester metal ions involved in neuronal plaque formation to prevent oxidative stress. In addition, antioxidant therapy is vital in scavenging free radicals and ROS preventing neuronal degeneration in post-oxidative stress scenario.

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β-Carotene protects membrane lipids from peroxidation, which is linked with many severe and lethal diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, and atherosclerosis.
“β-Carotene protects membrane lipids from peroxidation, which is linked with many severe and lethal diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, and atherosclerosis [167–169].”
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Authors: Uttara, B., Singh, A., Zamboni, P., & Mahajan, R.
Affiliations: University of Milan (IT)
University of Ferrara (IT)
Corresponding author: Uttara, Bayani
Mahajan, R.
ORCID: Zamboni, Paolo
Venue: Current Neuropharmacology
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published: 2009-03-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-74
ISSN: 1570-159X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2174/157015909787602823
PMC: PMC2724665
OpenAlex: W1985031521
Cited by: 3,378
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 90 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 187 · 2023: 197 · 2022: 305 · 2021: 337 · 2020: 308 · 2019: 277 · 2018: 308 · 2017: 321 · 2016: 264 · 2015: 231 · 2014: 192 · 2013: 115 · 2012: 48
FWCI: 25.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Current Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords: oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases, antioxidants, reactive oxygen species, free radicals, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, aging, neuronal injury, apoptosis, dietary antioxidants, medicinal plants, metal ion sequestration, neuroprotection

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Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

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