The DOI matches its Crossref record; 140 of the 143 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations
Abstract
A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These observations about the ways in which different types of political polarization amplify others are consistent with social identity theory, which emphasizes the tendency for people to sort themselves into distinct groups that compete for symbolic and material resources88–92.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
In the citing paper
“That is, false polarization might increase affective and/or ideological polarization over time156 because prejudice can arise from even the illusory perception of dissimilarity between in-group and out-group members89,155,157.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
In the citing paper
“Presumably, distorting images of the out-group as deviant, hostile, stubborn, extreme and unreasonable serves to justify treating the out-group unfavourably55,89,95,155.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
In the citing paper
“According to social identity theory, self-esteem can be derived from both the personal self and the social self [16].”
From Self-esteem and subjective well-being revisited: The roles of personal, relational, and collective self-esteem (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
(1954) · Cited by 15,935
An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199269464.003.0005 · Cited by 12,701
Self-citationAvailability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9 · Cited by 9,984
The Social Psychology of Groups
Kenkel, W. F., Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3709294 · Cited by 5,899
Basic objects in natural categories
Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W. D., Johnson, D. M., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(76)90013-x · Cited by 5,643
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010202 · Cited by 5,562
Self-citationHuman Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology.
Rose, A. W., & Tajfel, H. (1983) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066820 · Cited by 4,111
Self-citationSocial identity and intergroup behaviour
Tajfel, H. (1974) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/053901847401300204 · Cited by 4,074
Self-citation(2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3080.003.0017 · Cited by 3,974
Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women
Kanter, R. M. (1977) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226425 · Cited by 3,154
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,034
Group identification and intergroup attitudes: A longitudinal analysis in South Africa.
Duckitt, J. H., & Mphuthing, T. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.80 · Cited by 153
The central role of entitativity in stereotypes of social categories and task groups.
Spencer‐Rodgers, J., Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.369 · Cited by 152
The social psychology of perceived prejudice and discrimination.
Dion, K. L. (2002) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0086899 · Cited by 152
Identity, Conflict, and Coexistence
Hammack, P. L. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558406289745 · Cited by 157
Egalitarian goals trigger stereotype inhibition: A proactive form of stereotype control
Moskowitz, G. B., & Li, P. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.08.014 · Cited by 153
Vermeij, L., van Duijn, M. A. J., & Baerveldt, C. (2009) · Social Networks · doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2009.06.002 · Cited by 152
The Social Psychology of Access in Ethnographic Research
Harrington, B. (2003) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/0891241603255677 · Cited by 152
Nudging with Care: The Risks and Benefits of Social InformationPreprint
Bicchieri, C., & Dimant, E. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3319088 · Cited by 152
Haslam, S. A. (2014) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12061 · Cited by 154
Kilianski, S. E. (2003) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.4.1.37 · Cited by 151
Rejected and Excluded Forevermore, but Even More Devoted
Gómez, Á., Morales, J. F., Hart, S., Vázquez, A., & Swann, W. B. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211424580 · Cited by 164
Salfate, S. V., Páez, D., Liu, J. H.-F., Pratto, F., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218757455 · Cited by 159
Formation and change of ethnic and national stereotypes: An integrative model
Bar‐Tal, D. (1997) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/s0147-1767(97)00022-9 · Cited by 151
Gini, G. (2006) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2005.12.002 · Cited by 151
Computer-Mediated Communication: From a Cognitive to a Discursive Model
Lamerichs, J., & Molder, H. T. (2003) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/146144480354001 · Cited by 151
Hirsh, C. E., & Lyons, C. J. (2010) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2010.00403.x · Cited by 150
The Evolution of Tag-Based Cooperation in Humans
Cohen, E. E. A. (2012) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/667654 · Cited by 152
Sherman, D. K., Kinias, Z., Major, B., Kim, H. S., & Prenovost, M. A. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207303027 · Cited by 150
Developing the Research Basis for Controlling Bias in Hiring
Bendick, M., & Nunes, A. P. (2012) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01747.x · Cited by 166
Yang, C. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1852-6 · Cited by 174
Bakker, B. N., Yphtach Lelkes, B., & Malka, A. (2019) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/707616 · Cited by 149
Voter turnout: a social theory of political participation
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-1757 · Cited by 147
Vervecken, D., Hannover, B., & Wolter, I. (2013) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.008 · Cited by 148
Covenants Without Swords: Group Identity, Norms, and Communication in Social DilemmasPreprint
Bicchieri, C. (2002) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 148
Recognition and Collective Identity Formation in International Politics
Greenhill, B. (2008) · European Journal of International Relations · doi:10.1177/1354066108089246 · Cited by 147
Us and them: Mood effects on intergroup discrimination.
Forgas, J. P., & Fiedler, K. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.28 · Cited by 147
Bhave, D. P., Kramer, A., & Glomb, T. M. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017885 · Cited by 153
Caste and Punishment: The Legacy of Caste Culture in Norm Enforcement
Hoff, K., Kshetramade, M., & Fehr, E. (2011) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02476.x · Cited by 146
A Taxonomy and Review of Positive Consumer Dispositions toward Foreign Countries and Globalization
Bartsch, F., Riefler, P., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2015) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jim.15.0021 · Cited by 150
Tourism Ethnocentrism and Its Effects on Tourist and Resident Behavior
Köck, F., Josiassen, A., Assaf, A. G., Karpen, I. O., & Farrelly, F. J. (2018) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287518755504 · Cited by 146
Cognitive underpinnings of nationalistic ideology in the context of Brexit
Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1708960115 · Cited by 149
Yu, L., & Li, Y. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12050127 · Cited by 203
Mechanisms of Inequality. Unequal Access to Organizational Power and the Gender Wage Gap
Hultin, M. (2003) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/19.2.143 · Cited by 146
Lu, L., & Argyle, M. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90032-7 · Cited by 146
Bringing Managers Back In: Managerial Influences on Workplace Inequality
Castilla, E. J. (2011) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122411420814 · Cited by 160
Victim’s innocence, social categorization, and the threat to the belief in a just world
Correia, I. F., Vala, J., & Aguiar, P. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.12.010 · Cited by 155
Bienefeld, N., & Grote, G. (2013) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2013.808398 · Cited by 170
Martin, R., & Epitropaki, O. (2001) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430201004003005 · Cited by 144
A Self-Categorization Explanation for the Hostile Media Effect
Reid, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01647.x · Cited by 145
Charitable Giving by Individuals: A Study of Attitudes and Practice
Radley, A., & Kennedy, M. (1995) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679504800605 · Cited by 149
Liao, H., Chuang, A., & Joshi, A. (2008) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.01.002 · Cited by 145
Political partisanship influences perception of biracial candidates' skin tone
Caruso, E. M., Mead, N. L., & Balcetis, E. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0905362106 · Cited by 141
Feather, N. T., & Nairn, K. (2005) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530500048672 · Cited by 153
Social class differences produce social group preferences
Horwitz, S. R., Shutts, K., & Olson, K. R. (2014) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12181 · Cited by 144
Self-Verification Motives at the Collective Level of Self-Definition.
Chen, S., Chen, K. Y., & Shaw, L. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.77 · Cited by 142
Professional identity – product of structure, product of choice
Hotho, S. (2008) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/09534810810915745 · Cited by 143
Zhang, X., Li, N., Ullrich, J., & van Dick, R. (2013) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206312471387 · Cited by 161
Giessner, S. R., van Knippenberg, D., & Sleebos, E. (2009) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.012 · Cited by 143
Gleibs, I. H., Haslam, C., Jones, J. M., Alexander Haslam, S., McNeill, J., & Connolly, H. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.536137 · Cited by 140
Walsh, S. D., Clercq, B. D., Molcho, M., Harel‐Fisch, Y., Davison, C., Madsen, K. R., & Stevens, G. W. J. M. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0367-0 · Cited by 169
Similarity as a source of differentiation: the role of group identification
Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2001) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.72 · Cited by 142
Johe, M. H., & Bhullar, N. (2016) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.02.019 · Cited by 144
Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. (1999) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430299024001 · Cited by 142
Cardador, M. T. (2006) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070305284984 · Cited by 150
Bernstein, M. J., Sacco, D. F., Young, S. G., Hugenberg, K., & Cook, E. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210376059 · Cited by 159
Facebook as a Site for Negative Age Stereotypes
Levy, B. R., Chung, P. H., Bedford, T., & Navrazhina, K. (2013) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gns194 · Cited by 141
Swann, W. B., Gómez, Á., Buhrmester, M. D., López‐Rodríguez, L., Jiménez, J., & Vázquez, A. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035809 · Cited by 151
The dysfunctions of power in teams: A review and emergent conflict perspective
Greer, L. L., van Bunderen, L., & Yu, S. (2017) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2017.10.005 · Cited by 156
Values, Stereotypes, and Intergroup Antagonism
Schwartz, S. H., & Struch, N. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3582-8_7 · Cited by 141
What Makes a Feminist? Predictors and Correlates of Feminist Social Identity in College Women
Liss, M., O'Connor, C., Morosky, E., & Crawford, M. (2001) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00014 · Cited by 141
The Many Ways to Be Marginal in a Group
Ellemers, N., & Jetten, J. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868312453086 · Cited by 139
Naturally Green: Harnessing Stone Age Psychological Biases to Foster Environmental Behavior
van Vugt, M., Griskevicius, V., & Schultz, P. W. (2014) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12000 · Cited by 152
Social Categorization and the Perception of Social Groups
Bodenhausen, G. V., Kang, S. K., & Peery, D. (2012) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446247631.n16 · Cited by 140
Lacombe, M. J. (2019) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/704329 · Cited by 140
How do I see myself? A systematic review of identities in pro‐environmental behaviour research
Udall, A. M., de Groot, J. I. M., de Jong, S. B., & Shankar, A. (2020) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1798 · Cited by 164
Esses, V. M., Wagner, U., Wolf, C., Preiser, M., & Wilbur, C. J. (2006) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.07.002 · Cited by 140
Elementary School Children's Reasoning About Social Class: A Mixed-Methods Study
Mistry, R. S., Brown, C. S., White, E. S., Chow, K. A., & Gillen‐O’Neel, C. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12407 · Cited by 157
Scheepers, D. T. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.011 · Cited by 138
Are Patriots Bigots? An Inquiry into the Vices of In-Group Pride
de Figueiredo, R. J. P., & Elkins, Z. (2003) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/3186100 · Cited by 139
Is There an "I" in "Team"? The Role of the Self in Group-Serving Judgments.
Sherman, D. K., & Kim, H. S. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.108 · Cited by 139
The Moral Psychology of Raceless, Genderless Strangers
Hester, N., & Gray, K. J. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619885840 · Cited by 154
What's in a Name? Mutual Fund Flows When Managers Have Foreign-Sounding Names
Kumar, A., Niessen‐Ruenzi, A., & Spalt, O. G. (2015) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhv017 · Cited by 139
Tzanakis, M. (2013) · Educate~/Educate · Cited by 138
Social Identity and the Romance of Leadership: The Importance of being Seen to be ‘Doing it for Us’
Haslam, S. A., Platow, M. J., Turner, J. C., Reynolds, K. J., McGarty, C., Oakes, P. J., Johnson, S., Ryan, M. K., & Veenstra, K. E. (2001) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430201004003002 · Cited by 138
Intergroup reconciliation: Instrumental and socio-emotional processes and the needs-based model
Nadler, A., & Shnabel, N. (2015) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2015.1106712 · Cited by 138
Social Identity and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
Simpson, B. (2006) · Rationality and Society · doi:10.1177/1043463106066381 · Cited by 138
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., & Birney, M. E. (2014) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12072 · Cited by 137
Influences of perceived autonomy support on physical activity within the theory of planned behavior
Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Hagger, M. S., & Smith, B. M. (2006) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.407 · Cited by 153
Folk conceptions of fairness and unfairness
Lupfer, M. B., Weeks, K. P., Doan, K. A., & Houston, D. A. (2000) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(200005/06)30:3 · Cited by 80
Children and social groups: A developmental analysis of implicit consistency in Hispanic Americans
Dunham, Y. C., Baron, A. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2007) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860601115344 · Cited by 137
Johansson, B., Hopmann, D. N., & Shehata, A. (2021) · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties · doi:10.1080/17457289.2021.1924742 · Cited by 147
Procedural justice and status: Status salience as antecedent of procedural fairness effects.
van Prooijen, J., van den Bos, K., & Wilke, H. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1353 · Cited by 136
Mackie, D. M., Silver, L. A., & Smith, E. R. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819568.013 · Cited by 136
The psychology of bystanders, perpetrators, and heroic helpers
Staub, E. (1993) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(93)90037-9 · Cited by 136
Social and Cognitive Correlates of Utah Residents' Acceptance of the Lethal Control of Wolves
Bruskotter, J., Vaske, J., & Schmidt, R. H. (2009) · Human Dimensions of Wildlife · doi:10.1080/10871200802712571 · Cited by 131
Exploring the Development of Team Identification
Lock, D., Taylor, T. L., Funk, D. C., & Darcy, S. (2012) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.26.4.283 · Cited by 136
Language Attitudes, Frames of Reference, and Social Identity: A Scottish Dimension
Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1987) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x8763004 · Cited by 136
Foley, S., Linnehan, F., Greenhaus, J. H., & Weer, C. H. (2006) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601106286884 · Cited by 135
Jussupow, E., Spohrer, K., & Heinzl, A. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/28750 · Cited by 138
Group Discussion and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
Henry, K. B., & Komorita, S. S. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672962211005 · Cited by 135
van Prooijen, J., van den Bos, K., & Wilke, H. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.66 · Cited by 140
A social Bayesian brain: how social knowledge can shape visual perception
Otten, M., Seth, A. K., & Pinto, Y. (2017) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2016.05.002 · Cited by 124
Religiosity, Attitude, and the Demand for Socially Responsible Products
Graafland, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2796-9 · Cited by 142
Religious Discrimination in the Workplace: A Review and Examination of Current and Future Trends
Ghumman, S. S., Ryan, A. M., Barclay, L. A., & Markel, K. S. (2013) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9290-0 · Cited by 134
Ethnic Discrimination in the Dutch Labor Market
Andriessen, I., Nievers, E., Dagevos, J., & Faulk, L. (2012) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888412444783 · Cited by 132
Braithwaite, J., Clay‐Williams, R., Vecellio, E., Marks, D., Hooper, T. D., Westbrook, M. T., Westbrook, J. I., Blakely, B. D., & Ludlow, K. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012467 · Cited by 134
Further understanding incivility in the workplace: The effects of gender, agency, and communion.
Gabriel, A. S., Butts, M. M., Yuan, Z., Rosen, R. L., & Sliter, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000289 · Cited by 152
Social influence, creativity and innovation
Paulus, P. B., & Dzindolet, M. T. (2008) · Social Influence · doi:10.1080/15534510802341082 · Cited by 150
The Effects of General and Domain-Specific Expertise on Political Memory and Judgment
McGraw, K. M., & Pinney, N. (1990) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1990.8.1.9 · Cited by 134
Categorization of the Elderly by the Elderly
Brewer, M. B., & Lui, L. (1984) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167284104012 · Cited by 134
Metadata
- Authors
- Tajfel, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tajfel, H
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1982-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-39
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W2175873029
- Cited by
- 7,949
- References
- 143
- Citations by year
- 2026: 182 · 2025: 309 · 2024: 337 · 2023: 465 · 2022: 377 · 2021: 388 · 2020: 431 · 2019: 414 · 2018: 326 · 2017: 312 · 2016: 334 · 2015: 346 · 2014: 359 · 2013: 324 · 2012: 340
- FWCI
- 92.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- intergroup relations, social psychology, emotions, decision-making, paradigm shift
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review