Cited by 5,688Advanced Causal Inference TechniquesStatistical Methods and Bayesian InferencePsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mediation Analysis

Open access

MacKinnon, David P., Fairchild, Amanda J., Fritz, Matthew S.·2007·Annual Review of Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542PMC PMC2819368

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Abstract Mediating variables are prominent in psychological theory and research. A mediating variable transmits the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. Differences between mediating variables and confounders, moderators, and covariates are outlined. Statistical methods to assess mediation and modern comprehensive approaches are described. Future directions for mediation analysis are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542

Cites

104 of 104 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Untitled work
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,647
SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03206553 · Cited by 17,383
Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810
Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422 · Cited by 11,335
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence
Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152968.001.0001 · Cited by 10,647
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies
Rubin, D. B. (1974) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037350 · Cited by 9,436
A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83 · Cited by 9,406
Self-citation

Show all 102 references

Research works printed but not linked: 18

Arbuckle JL, 1997, AMOS User's Guide: Version 3.6.
Bentler PM, 1997, EQS for Windows (Version 5.6) [computer program]
Davis JA, 1985, The Logic of Causal Order. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, Series No. 07–055.
Dwyer JH. 1992. Differential equation models for longitudinal data. In Statistical Models for Longitudinal Studies of Health , ed.JH Dwyer, M Feinleib, P Lippert, H Hoffmeister, pp.71–98. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
Hebb GO, 1966, A Textbook of Psychology.
10.1016/s0149-2063(99)80077-4 · DOI
10.1037/0022-006x.65.4.599 · DOI
Jöreskog KG, 1993, LISREL (Version 8.12) [computer program]
Kenny DA, 1998, The Handbook of Social Psychology, Volume 1, 233
Lockwood CM, 1998, Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual SAS Users Group International Conference, 997
MacKinnon DP, 2000, Multivariate Applications in Substance Use Research: New Methods for New Questions, 141
McArdle JJ, 2001, Structural Equation Modeling: Present and Future. A Festschrift in Honor of Karl Jöreskog, 341
McArdle JJ, 2003, Comprehensive Handbook of Psychology, Vol. II: Research Methods in Psychology, 447
Merrill R, 1994, Treatment effect evaluation in nonadditive mediation models.
Morgan-Lopez AA, 2001, A mediated moderation model simulation: mediational processes that vary as a function of second predictors.
Muthén LK, 1998, Mplus: The Comprehensive Modeling Program for Applied Researchers. User's Guide.
10.1037/0022-006x.68.2.296 · DOI
Taborga MP, 1999, A simulation study of effect size measures in mediation models.

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,085

Managerial Coaching Efficacy, Work-Related Attitudes, and Performance in Public Organizations
Kim, S., Egan, T. M., & Moon, M. J. (2013) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x13491120 · Cited by 78
The Relationships Between Depressive Symptoms, Functional Health Status, Physical Activity, and the Availability of Recreational Facilities: a Rural-Urban Comparison in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults
Deng, Y., & Paul, D. R. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-018-9714-3 · Cited by 78
Adolescents' computer performance: The role of self-concept and motivational aspects
Christoph, G., Goldhammer, F., Zylka, J., & Hartig, J. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.09.004 · Cited by 77
Does self-report mindfulness mediate the effect of Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on spirituality and posttraumatic growth in cancer patients?
Labelle, L. E., Lawlor-Savage, L., Campbell, T. S., Faris, P., & Carlson, L. E. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.927902 · Cited by 77
Do Emotional Appeals in Public Service Advertisements Influence Adolescents’ Intention to Reduce Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages?
Bleakley, A., Jordan, A. B., Hennessy, M. H., Glanz, K., Strasser, A. A., & Vaala, S. E. (2015) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2015.1018593 · Cited by 77
Absorptive Capacity and Ambidexterity in R&D: Linking Technology Alliance Diversity and Firm Innovation
Lucena, A., & Roper, S. (2016) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12074 · Cited by 77
Impact of using social network services on workplace ostracism, job satisfaction, and innovative behaviour
Chung, Y. W., & Kim, T.-K. (2017) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2017.1369568 · Cited by 77
Challenge-hindrance stressors and cyberloafing: A perspective of resource conservation versus resource acquisition
Zhou, B., Li, Y., Hai, M., Wang, W., & Niu, B. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01505-0 · Cited by 77
Emotion Dysregulation Mediates the Link between Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Young Adult Romantic Relationship Satisfaction
Bradbury, L. L., & Shaffer, A. (2012) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2012.678466 · Cited by 77
Does psychological resilience mediate the impact of social support on geriatric depression? An exploratory study among Chinese older adults in Singapore
Li, J., Theng, Y., & Foo, S. S.-B. (2015) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2015.01.011 · Cited by 77
A mediation model of mindfulness and decentering: sequential psychological constructs or one and the same?
Gecht, J., Kessel, R., Forkmann, T., Gauggel, S., Drueke, B., Scherer, A., & Mainz, V. (2014) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/2050-7283-2-18 · Cited by 78
Unanticipated Educational Consequences of a Positive Parent‐Child Relationship
Turley, R. N. L., Desmond, M., & Bruch, S. K. (2010) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00771.x · Cited by 77
Customer perception of CSR initiatives: its antecedents and consequences
Chaudary, S., Zahid, Z., Shahid, S., Khan, S. N., & Azar, S. (2016) · Social Responsibility Journal · doi:10.1108/srj-04-2015-0056 · Cited by 77
Perceptual fluency contributes to effects of stimulus size on judgments of learning
Undorf, M., Zimdahl, M. F., & Bernstein, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2016.07.003 · Cited by 77
Biosocial health geography: New ‘exposomic’ geographies of health and place
Prior, L., Manley, D., & Sabel, C. E. (2018) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132518772644 · Cited by 77
The effects of age on reward magnitude processing in the monetary incentive delay task
Dhingra, I., Zhang, S., Zhornitsky, S., Le, T. M., Wang, W., Chao, H. H., Levy, I., & Li, C. R. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116368 · Cited by 77
The relationship between first-level leadership and inner-context and implementation outcomes in behavioral health: a scoping review
Meza, R. D., Triplett, N. S., Woodard, G. S., Martin, P., Khairuzzaman, A. N., Jamora, G., & Dorsey, S. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01104-4 · Cited by 76
Is experiential avoidance a mediating, moderating, independent, overlapping, or proxy risk factor in the onset, relapse and maintenance of depressive disorders?
Spinhoven, P., Drost, J., de Rooij, M., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9747-8 · Cited by 76
Relation between resiliency and post-traumatic growth in a group of paramedics: The mediating role of coping strategies
Ogińska-Bulik, N., & Kobylarczyk, M. (2015) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00323 · Cited by 76
Using Social Cognitive Career Theory to Assess Student Outcomes of Group Design Projects in Statics
Atadero, R., Rambo-Hernandez, K. E., & Balgopal, M. M. (2014) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.20063 · Cited by 76
Early deprivation, atypical brain development, and internalizing symptoms in late childhood
Bick, J. R., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.026 · Cited by 76
Why do people access news with mobile devices? Exploring the role of suitability perception and motives on mobile news use
Shim, H., You, K. H., Lee, J. K., & Go, E. (2014) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2014.05.002 · Cited by 76
The Impact of ERP System's Usability on Enterprise Resource Planning Project Implementation Success via the Mediating Role of User Satisfaction
Yassien, E., Masa'deh, R., Mufleh, M., Alrowwad, A., & Masa’deh, R. M. T. (2017) · Journal of Management Research · doi:10.5296/jmr.v9i3.11186 · Cited by 76
Human resource practices and organizational innovation capability: role of knowledge management
Iqbal, S., Rasheed, M., Khan, H., & Siddiqi, A. F. (2020) · VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems · doi:10.1108/vjikms-02-2020-0033 · Cited by 76
How social capital affects support intention: The mediating role of place identity
Kuo, N., Cheng, Y.-S., Chang, K., & Hu, S.-M. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.11.005 · Cited by 76
Motivation as a Mediator of Social Disparities in Academic Achievement
Steinmayr, R., Dinger, F. C., & Spinath, B. (2011) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.842 · Cited by 76
Familism
Campos, B., Perez, O. F. R., & Guardino, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407514562564 · Cited by 76
Explaining the effect of a 1-year intervention promoting physical activity in middle schools: a mediation analysis
Haerens, L. L., Cerin, E., Maes, L., Cardon, G., Deforche, B. I., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2007) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898000700078x · Cited by 76
Attitudes, willingness to pay, and stated values for recreation use fees at an urban proximate forest
Rosenberger, R. S., Needham, M. D., Morzillo, A. T., & Moehrke, C. (2012) · Journal of Forest Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfe.2012.06.003 · Cited by 76
Using Constructs of the Transtheoretical Model to Predict Classes of Change in Regular Physical Activity: A Multi-Ethnic Longitudinal Cohort Study
Dishman, R. K., Vandenberg, R. J., Motl, R. W., & Nigg, C. R. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9196-2 · Cited by 76
Blood transfusions are associated with urinary biomarkers of kidney injury in cardiac surgery
Khan, U., Coca, S. G., Hong, K., Koyner, J. L., Garg, A. X., Passik, C. S., Swaminathan, M., Garwood, S., Patel, U. D., Hashim, S. W., et al. (2014) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.09.080 · Cited by 76
Cognitive Mediators of Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain
Levy, R. L., Langer, S. L., Romano, J. M., Labus, J. S., Walker, L. S., Murphy, T., van Tilburg, M. A. L., Feld, L. D., Christie, D. L., & Whitehead, W. E. (2014) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000077 · Cited by 76
Using the 2×2 framework of achievement goals to predict achievement emotions and academic performance
Putwain, D. W., Sander, P., & Larkin, D. (2013) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.01.006 · Cited by 76
Mechanisms underlying the relationship between health literacy and glycemic control in American Indians and Alaska Natives
Brega, A. G., Ang, A., Vega, W. A., Jiang, L., Beals, J., Mitchell, C. M., MOORE, K. R., Manson, S. M., Acton, K. J., & Roubideaux, Y. D. (2012) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2012.03.008 · Cited by 76
Relation Between Socioeconomic Status and Body Mass Index
Morgenstern, M., Sargent, J. D., & Hanewinkel, R. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.78 · Cited by 76
Adult Sexual Outcomes of Child Sexual Abuse Vary According to Relationship Status
Vaillancourt‐Morel, M., Godbout, N., Sabourin, S., Briere, J., Lussier, Y., & Runtz, M. (2016) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12154 · Cited by 79
How stigma gets under the skin: the role of stigma, self-stigma and self-esteem in subjective recovery from psychosis
Vass, V., Sitko, K., West, S. A., & Bentall, R. P. (2017) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2017.1300184 · Cited by 76
Structuring of Abstract Working Memory Content by Fronto-parietal Synchrony in Primate Cortex
Jacob, S. N., Hähnke, D., & Nieder, A. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.025 · Cited by 76
A dietary planning intervention increases fruit consumption in Iranian women
Gholami, M., Lange, D., Łuszczyńska, A., Knoll, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.005 · Cited by 75
Socioeconomic disadvantage, neural responses to infant emotions, and emotional availability among first-time new mothers
Kim, P., Capistrano, C. G., Erhart, A., Gray-Schiff, R., & Xu, N. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.001 · Cited by 75
The Relationship between Diabetes-Related Complications and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes
Siwasaranond, N., Nimitphong, H., Manodpitipong, A., Saetung, S., Chirakalwasan, N., Thakkinstian, A., & Reutrakul, S. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2018/9269170 · Cited by 75
Machiavellian Ways to Academic Cheating: A Mediational and Interactional Model
Barbaranelli, C., Farnese, M. L., Tramontano, C., Fida, R., Ghezzi, V., Paciello, M., & Long, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00695 · Cited by 46
The memorable souvenir-shopping experience: antecedents and outcomes
Sthapit, E., Coudounaris, D. N., & Björk, P. (2018) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2018.1519031 · Cited by 75
Does flexible work arrangements decrease or increase turnover intention? A comparison between the social exchange theory and border theory
Tsen, M. K., Gu, M.-L., Tan, C. M., & Goh, S. K. (2021) · International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy · doi:10.1108/ijssp-08-2021-0196 · Cited by 75
Can the Integration of Rural Industries Help Strengthen China’s Agricultural Economic Resilience?
Zhou, J., Chen, H., Bai, Q., Liu, L., Li, G., & Shen, Q. (2023) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture13091813 · Cited by 75
Physiological and Psychosocial Factors that Predict HIV-Related Fatigue
Barroso, J. V., Hammill, B. G., Leserman, J., Salahuddin, N., Harmon, J. L., & Pence, B. W. (2010) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-010-9691-2 · Cited by 75
The long lasting effects of education on old age health: Evidence of gender differences
Mazzonna, F. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.042 · Cited by 75
The Potential Role of Mycotoxins as a Contributor to Stunting in the SHINE Trial
Smith, L. E., Prendergast, A. J., Turner, P. C., Mbuya, M. N. N., Mutasa, K., Kembo, G., & Stoltzfus, R. J. (2015) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ849 · Cited by 75
Why is M eaning‐ C entered G roup P sychotherapy ( MCGP ) effective? Enhanced sense of meaning as the mechanism of change for advanced cancer patients
Rosenfeld, B. D., Cham, H., Pessin, H., & BREITBART, W. S. (2017) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4578 · Cited by 76
Cross-Sectional Model-Building for Research on Subjective Well-Being: Gaining Clarity on Control Variables
Bartram, D. (2021) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02586-3 · Cited by 74
Using Fear and Anxiety Related to COVID-19 to Predict Cyberchondria: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Wu, X., Nazari, N., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26285 · Cited by 74
Association of Differences in Treatment Intensification, Missed Visits, and Scheduled Follow-up Interval With Racial or Ethnic Disparities in Blood Pressure Control
Fontil, V., Pacca, L., Bellows, B. K., Khoong, E. C., McCulloch, C. E., Pletcher, M. J., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. B. (2021) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4996 · Cited by 74
Chinese nurses' innovation capacity: The influence of inclusive leadership, empowering leadership and psychological empowerment
Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Li, G., Zhang, Z., & Fa, T. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13654 · Cited by 74
Understanding the Roles of Shame and Neuroticism in a Patient Sample of Hypersexual Men
Reid, R. C., Stein, J. A., & Carpenter, B. N. (2011) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182125b96 · Cited by 74
Understanding the performance consequences of family involvement in the top management team: The role of long-term orientation
Hoffmann, C., Wulf, T., & Stubner, S. (2014) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/0266242614550500 · Cited by 74
A Prospective Longitudinal Study Testing Relationships between Meaningful Activities, Basic Psychological Needs Fulfillment, and Meaning in Life
Eakman, A. M. (2014) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.3928/15394492-20140211-01 · Cited by 74
The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Relation between Co-Rumination and Depression in Young Adults
Balsamo, M., Carlucci, L., Sergi, M. R., Murdock, K. K., & Saggino, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140177 · Cited by 74
Intergenerational transmission of psychopathy and mediation via psychosocial risk factors
Auty, K. M., Farrington, D. P., & Coid, J. W. (2014) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.151050 · Cited by 74
When Is the Difference Method Conservative for Assessing Mediation?
Jiang, Z., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2015) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv059 · Cited by 74
The mediating effects of self-leadership on perceived entrepreneurial orientation and innovative work behavior in the banking sector
Kör, B. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3556-8 · Cited by 74
The mediating roles of stress and maladaptive behaviors on self-harm and suicide attempts among runaway and homeless youth
Moskowitz, A., Stein, J. A., & Lightfoot, M. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9793-4 · Cited by 73
Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis: intent to treat, hospitalization outcome and mediation by believability
Bach, P., Gaudiano, B. A., Hayes, S. C., & Herbert, J. D. (2013) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2012.671349 · Cited by 73
Carrying a Weapon to School: The Roles of Bullying Victimization and Perceived Safety
Esselmont, C. (2013) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2013.834767 · Cited by 73
The Effect of Strengths-Based Performance Appraisal on Perceived Supervisor Support and the Motivation to Improve Performance
van Woerkom, M., & Kroon, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01883 · Cited by 73
Research on the Influence of Education of Farmers’ Cooperatives on the Adoption of Green Prevention and Control Technologies by Members: Evidence from Rural China
Luo, L., Qiao, D., Zhang, R., Luo, C., Fu, X., & Liu, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19106255 · Cited by 73
The mediating effect of digital literacy in the relationship between media literacy and digital citizenship
Erdem, C., Oruç, E., Atar, C., & Bağcı, H. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11354-4 · Cited by 73
Does environmental tax kill employment? Evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries
Domguia, E. N., Pondie, T. M., Ngounou, B. A., & Nkengfack, H. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134873 · Cited by 73
Exploring factors affecting foreign language achievement: The role of growth mindset, self-efficacy, and L2 grit
Fathi, J., Pawlak, M., Saeedian, A., & Ghaderi, A. (2024) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688241227603 · Cited by 73
Estimating Causal Effects in Mediation Analysis Using Propensity Scores
Coffman, D. L. (2011) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2011.582001 · Cited by 73
Lexical factors and cerebral regions influencing verbal fluency performance in MCI
Clark, D. G., Wadley, V. G., Kapur, P., DeRamus, T. P., Singletary, B., Nicholas, A. P., Blanton, P. D., Lokken, K., Deshpande, H., Marson, D. C., et al. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.12.010 · Cited by 73
Protocol for a national monthly survey of alcohol use in England with 6-month follow-up: ‘The Alcohol Toolkit Study’
Beard, E., Brown, J., West, R., Acton, C., Brennan, A., Drummond, C., Hickman, M., Holmes, J., Kaner, E., Lock, K., et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1542-7 · Cited by 73
Uncovering the links between prospective teachers’ personal responsibility, academic optimism, hope, and emotions about teaching: a mediation analysis
Eren, A. (2013) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-013-9243-5 · Cited by 73
Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescents Maltreated Before Age 12: A Prospective Investigation
Black, M. M., Oberlander, S. E., Lewis, T., Knight, E. D., Zolotor, A. J., Litrownik, A. J., Thompson, R., Dubowitz, H., & English, D. E. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3836 · Cited by 73
Acute stress-induced cortisol elevations mediate reward system activity during subconscious processing of sexual stimuli
Oei, N. Y. L., Both, S., van Heemst, D., & van der Grond, J. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.10.005 · Cited by 73
The Impact of Neglect on Initial Adaptation to School
Manly, J. T., Lynch, M., Oshri, A., Herzog, M., & Wortel, S. N. (2013) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559513496144 · Cited by 74
Origins of Adulthood Personality: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Fletcher, J. M., & Schurer, S. (2017) · The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy · doi:10.1515/bejeap-2015-0212 · Cited by 75
Coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout among healthcare staffs: The mediating role of optimism and social connectedness
Yıldırım, M., Çi̇çek, İ., & Şanlı, M. E. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01781-w · Cited by 73
Habit Interventions
Gardner, B., Rebar, A. L., & Lally, P. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.041 · Cited by 73
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes and Mediation: Challenges and How to Address Them
Arch, J. J., Fishbein, J. N., Finkelstein, L. B., & Luoma, J. B. (2023) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.07.005 · Cited by 72
Pathway analysis of complex diseases for GWAS, extending to consider rare variants, multi-omics and interactions
Kao, P. Y. P., Leung, K. H., Chan, L., Yip, S. P., & Yap, M. K. H. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.030 · Cited by 73
Automaticity and Control: How Do Executive Functions and Reading Fluency Interact in Predicting Reading Comprehension?
Kieffer, M. J., & Christodoulou, J. A. (2019) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.289 · Cited by 72
Bayesian shrinkage estimation of high dimensional causal mediation effects in omics studies
Song, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Zhao, W., Liu, Y., Kardia, S. L. R., Roux, A. V. D., Needham, B. L., Smith, J. A., & Mukherjee, B. (2019) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/biom.13189 · Cited by 72
Formation of computational identity through computational thinking perspectives development in programming learning: A mediation analysis among primary school students
Kong, S. C., & Wang, Y. Q. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.106230 · Cited by 72
Influence of social determinants, diabetes knowledge, health behaviors, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: an analysis from real-world evidence
Silva-Tinoco, R., Cuatecontzi-Xochitiotzi, T., de la Torre-Saldaña, V., León-García, E., Serna-Alvarado, J., Orea‐Tejeda, A., Castillo‐Martínez, L., Gay, J. G., de León, D. F. C., & Prada, D. (2020) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-020-00604-6 · Cited by 74
Stimulating Job Crafting Behaviors of Older Workers: the Influence of Opportunity-Enhancing Human Resource Practices and Psychological Empowerment
Kooij, D. T. A. M., de Lange, A. H., & Voorde, K. V. D. (2021) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2021.1899161 · Cited by 72
SCHOOL RACIAL CLIMATE AND THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT
Griffin, C. B., Cooper, S. M., Metzger, I. W., Golden, A. R., & White, C. N. (2017) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22026 · Cited by 72
Child maltreatment and deliberate self‐harm among college students: Testing mediation and moderation models for impulsivity.
Arens, A. M., Gaher, R. M., & Simons, J. S. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01165.x · Cited by 72
Sources of Perceived Self‐Efficacy as Predictors of Physical Activity in Older Adults
Warner, L. M., Schüz, B., Knittle, K. P., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Wurm, S. (2011) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2011.01050.x · Cited by 73
Flow Signals: Evidence from Patent and Alliance Portfolios in the US Biopharmaceutical Industry
Caner, T., Bruyaka, O., & Prescott, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12217 · Cited by 72
The Mediating Effect of ICT Usage on the Relationship Between Students’ Socioeconomic Status and Achievement
Chiao, C., & Chiu, C. (2018) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-018-0370-9 · Cited by 72
Chronic stress exposure, diurnal cortisol slope, and implications for mood and fatigue: Moderation by multilocus HPA-Axis genetic variation
Starr, L. R., Dienes, K., Li, Y. I., & Shaw, Z. A. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.003 · Cited by 72
Methods for prospectively incorporating gender into health sciences research
Tadiri, C. P., Raparelli, V., Abrahamowicz, M., Kautzy-Willer, A., Kublickiene, K., Herrero, M.-T., Norris, C. M., & Pilote, L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.08.018 · Cited by 71
How Does Behavioural Activation Work? A Systematic Review of the Evidence on Potential Mediators
Janssen, N. P., Hendriks, G.-J., Baranelli, C. T., Lucassen, P., Oude Voshaar, R., Spijker, J., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2021) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000509820 · Cited by 71
How gamification boosts learning in STEM higher education: a mixed methods study
Ortiz-Rojas, M., Chiluiza, K., Valcke, M., & Bolanos-Mendoza, C. (2025) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-024-00521-3 · Cited by 71
The Longitudinal Association Between Competitive Video Game Play and Aggression Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Adachi, P. J. C., & Willoughby, T. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12556 · Cited by 71
Who watches live streaming in China? Examining viewers’ behaviors, personality traits, and motivations.
Xu, Y., & Ye, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01607 · Cited by 69
Causal mechanisms in the clinical course and treatment of back pain
Lee, H., Mansell, G., McAuley, J. H., Kamper, S. J., Hübscher, M., Moseley, G. L., Wolfenden, L., Hodder, R. K., & Williams, C. M. (2016) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2017.04.001 · Cited by 69
Peer victimization and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in depressed adolescents
Stewart, J. G., Valeri, L., Esposito, E. C., & Auerbach, R. P. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0304-7 · Cited by 60
“There Is Not Enough Information”: On the Effects of Explanations on Perceptions of Informational Fairness and Trustworthiness in Automated Decision-Making
Schoeffer, J., Kuehl, N., & Machowski, Y. (2022) · 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3531146.3533218 · Cited by 67
The journey between brain and gut: A systematic review of psychological mechanisms of treatment effect in irritable bowel syndrome
Windgassen, S., Moss‐Morris, R., Chilcot, J., Sibelli, A., Goldsmith, K., & Chalder, T. (2017) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12250 · Cited by 67

Authors: MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S.
Affiliations: Arizona State University (US)
ORCID: MacKinnon, David P.
Fairchild, Amanda J.
Fritz, Matthew S.
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2007-01-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 1
Pages: 593-614
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542
PMC: PMC2819368
OpenAlex: W4212838134
Cited by: 5,688
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 375 · 2025: 394 · 2024: 367 · 2023: 408 · 2022: 434 · 2021: 438 · 2020: 457 · 2019: 372 · 2018: 329 · 2017: 309 · 2016: 287 · 2015: 285 · 2014: 268 · 2013: 256 · 2012: 210
FWCI: 9.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 09757, R01DA009757, R37DA009757)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: mediation analysis, mediators, confounders, moderators, covariates, causal inference
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mathematical Computing, Models, Psychological, Psychological Theory, Models, Statistical, Causality, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Treatment Outcome, Biomedical Research

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Mediation Analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks